European History II
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
European History II explores the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments in Europe from the French Revolution to the contemporary era. The course examines key events such as the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of nationalism, the unification of Germany and Italy, imperialism, the World Wars, the Cold War, and the process of European integration. Students will analyze the impact of revolution, industrialization, ideological movements, and international conflicts on the shaping of modern Europe, as well as the enduring legacy of these transformations in current European affairs.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Q1) Luther's religious crisis came to a head over his growing belief that
A) the Bible had passages which were contradictory.
B) even after leaving the Catholic Church, he still recognized its legitimacy.
C) no amount of good works could satisfy God's righteousness.
D) if God is all-powerful, why should he care about humans?
E) there seemed to be no sure proof of God's existence.
Answer: C
Q2) Pope Paul III
Answer: Pope Paul III, born Alessandro Farnese, was the head of the Catholic Church from 1534 to 1549. He was known for his efforts to reform the church and address the issues raised by the Protestant Reformation. He convened the Council of Trent, which sought to clarify Catholic doctrine and address the abuses within the church. He also established the Roman Inquisition to combat heresy and appointed reform-minded cardinals to key positions within the church. Additionally, he was a patron of the arts and supported the work of artists such as Michelangelo. Overall, Pope Paul III played a significant role in shaping the Catholic Church during a tumultuous period in its history.
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Q1) Tokugawa Ieyasu established the longest-lasting of the Japanese shogunates, which retained power from the early sixteenth century until 1868.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The Inca Empire was the great Mesoamerican state when the Spanish arrived in the early sixteenth century.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The major critic of the Spanish treatment of the American natives was
A) Bartolome de Las Casas.
B) Hernan Cortez.
C) Alfonso de Albuquerque.
D) Ignatius Loyola.
E) Pope Paul III.
Answer: A
Q4) Ptolemy's Geography
Answer: not answered
Page 4
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Q1) What was the relationship in the France of Louis XIV between pomp and rule?
Answer: During the reign of Louis XIV in France, there was a strong relationship between pomp and rule. Louis XIV was known for his extravagant and lavish lifestyle, and he used pomp and grandeur as a way to assert his absolute power and authority over the country. He surrounded himself with elaborate ceremonies, luxurious palaces, and opulent clothing to demonstrate his superiority and to awe and impress his subjects and foreign dignitaries. This emphasis on pomp and grandeur was also a way for Louis XIV to centralize power and control within the monarchy, as it reinforced the idea of the divine right of kings and the unquestionable authority of the monarch. The lavishness of Louis XIV's court and the emphasis on pomp and ceremony also served to distract and entertain the nobility, keeping them occupied and less likely to challenge his rule. Overall, the relationship between pomp and rule in the France of Louis XIV was one of using grand displays of wealth and power to solidify and maintain his absolute authority over the country.
Q2) The great writer of satirical comedies as the court of Louis XIV was Jean-Baptiste Racine.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter
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Q1) What relationships existed between scientists and the Church?
Q2) The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century
A) was stimulated by a revived interest in Galen and Aristotle.
B) directly resulted from reaction and revolt against the social and historical conditions of the Middle Ages.
C) was largely due to a monastic revolution.
D) although an innovative phase in western thinking, was based upon the intellectual and scientific accomplishments of previous centuries.
E) was a complete break with the past.
Q3) Rene Descartes
Q4) Isaac Newton
Q5) Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was really an attempt to A) embarrass Copernicus.
B) support Copernicus through a publication in Italian accessible to a wide audience. C) attack Luther and Protestant theological restrictions on scientific inquiry.
D) apologize to the church for earlier theories he now saw as mistaken.
E) oppose the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.
Q6) "new drugs"
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Rousseau's influential novel, Emile, deals with these key Enlightenment themes:
A) proper child rearing and human education
B) the best roles for women in making modern society
C) the necessity of church marriage and reform of church teaching on this sacrament
D) the abolition of the pope's restrictions on religious practices and the content of sermons
E) the evils of child abuse.
Q2) Did the Enlightenment represent a new era for women?
Q3) Diderot's most famous contribution to the Enlightenment's battle against religious fanaticism, intolerance, and prudery was his
A) great play "Is Rome Burning?"
B) 28-volume Encyclopedia compiling articles by many influential philosophes.
C) autobiography published in French.
D) biography of Newton, "the greatest European."
E) unconditional support for enlightened despotism.
Q4) the salon and the coffeehouse
Q5) Mary Astell's A Serious Proposal to the Ladies
Q6) Cesare Beccaria
Q7) Balthasar Neumann
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change
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Q1) Louis XV's most famous mistress was
A) Marie Antoinette.
B) Madame de Pompadour.
C) Mary Wollstonecraft.
D) Madame Guillotine.
E) Comtesse de Boigne.
Q2) Frederick William I
Q3) New European attitudes toward children are made visible in all of the following except
A) changes in the ordinary clothing of children.
B) the production of more games and toys for children.
C) a reinforcement of the custom of primogeniture.
D) the great interest of lower-class mothers in breast-feeding infants.
E) childhood being viewed more and more as a special phase in human development.
Q4) A continuing trend throughout eighteenth-century Prussia was
A) the uncontrollable growth of the royal state bureaucracy.
B) the social and military dominance of the Junker nobility.
C) an avoidance of military entanglements, especially under Frederick the Great.
D) social mobility for the peasants through the civil service.
E) the emergence of the bourgeoisie as the dominant class of society.
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Chapter 7: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French
Revolution and Napoleon
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Q1) natural rights
Q2) In September of 1792, the National Convention
A) established a constitutional monarchy.
B) abolished the monarchy and established a republic.
C) voted to preserve the life of Louis XVI.
D) was dismantled by Louis XVI.
E) was immediately replaced by the Directory.
Q3) Gracchus Babeuf
Q4) July 14, 1789
Q5) On July 4, 1776, the delegates of the Second Continental Congress approved
A) the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen.
B) the Constitution.
C) the Declaration of Independence.
D) the Olive Branch Petition.
E) George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.
Q6) the Constitution of 1789
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Q7) Compare and contrast the French Revolution with previous revolutions in England and America.
Q8) Declaration of Pillnitz
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Chapter 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Q1) By 1850, the European population
A) could not be closely approximated as government statistics were not yet kept.
B) was close to figures from 1800.
C) was over 58 million.
D) was over 173 million.
E) was over 265 million.
Q2) Discuss the concept of the 'middle-class' and its relation to the Industrial Revolution.
Q3) Discus the impact of the early Industrial Revolution upon the family, the role of women, and the living and working conditions of the industrial workers?
Q4) the Amalgamated Society of Engineers
Q5) Which of the following inventions proved vital to the industrialization of British cotton manufacturing?
A) Arkwright's spinning frame.
B) Hargreaves' spinning jenny.
C) Cartwright's power loom.
D) a and b
E) all of the above
Q6) the Poor Law of 1834
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Chapter 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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Q1) Which of the following statements best applies to Thomas Macaulay's thoughts on reform in Britain?
A) He opposed giving political concessions to the middle class.
B) He was convinced that reforms were largely unnecessary due to Britain's democratic heritage.
C) He supported reforms as a means of preventing more radical revolutionary movements.
D) He was afraid reforms would cause the collapse of the current Parliament and the political domination of the landed elite.
E) He adamantly opposed any and all political and social reforms.
Q2) Klemens von Metternich
A) supported much of the revolutionary ideology after Napoleon's defeat.
B) thought that a free press was necessary to maintain the status quo.
C) had little influence because of his extreme conservatism.
D) was anti-religious and supported atheistic causes.
E) believed European monarchs shared the common interest of stability.
Q3) Sir Walter Scott
Q4) France's Second Republic
Q5) On the Subjection of Women
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Chapter 10: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Q1) During the Franco-Prussian War
A) Napoleon III successfully defended the French homeland.
B) the French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Sedan.
C) Bismarck allowed the Prussian army to fall into a subordinate position.
D) a military standoff resulted between the two great armies.
E) a truce was finally agreed to, giving Germany the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, while France gained Schleswig and Holstein.
Q2) Charles Dickens
Q3) Hegel's dialectic
Q4) Charles Darwin
Q5) Louis Pasteur
Q6) Count Otto von Bismarck
Q7) Second German Empire
Q8) The Zollverein describes
A) the German states' customs union dominated by Prussia.
B) a conservative German nationalist group bent on unification of the country.
C) the lower house of the Prussian parliament.
D) Bismarck's liberal reform program.
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E) Prussian Black Shirts, who led the German unification movement.
Q9) "survival of the fit"
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Chapter 11: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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Q1) Anarchist movements were most successful in
A) industrialized countries like Great Britain and Germany.
B) toppling national governments through assassinations.
C) restoring legitimacy to radical movements through peaceful dialogue with political opponents.
D) less industrialized and less democratic countries where ordinary people could see no hope of peaceful political change.
E) countries with revolutionary traditions like France.
Q2) Octavia Hill's housing venture was designed to
A) give the poor an environment they could use to improve themselves.
B) give the poor charity since they could never help themselves.
C) let the wealthy know what it was like to be poor.
D) break down class barriers in London.
E) make the upper classes feel better and improve their self-esteem by doing something for the downtrodden of society.
Q3) By the late nineteenth century, the middle-class had merged with the lower class, making the two indistinguishable.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and
1894-1914
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Q1) Which of the following was not an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?
A) the argument of "the white man's burden"
B) Social Darwinism
C) the need for military bases
D) to lessen the burden of excess European population, especially criminals and other "undesirables"
E) national prestige
Q2) By the late nineteenth century, which of the following groups had emerged as labor's dominant voice in the United States?
A) the Congress of Industrial Organizations
B) the American Federation of Labor.
C) the Industrial Workers of the World
D) the Knights of Labor
E) the Socialist Worker's Party
Q3) By the early twentieth century, was the Ottoman Empire still a major force in Western Civilization?
Q4) Theodor Herzl and Zionism
Q5) Emile Zola and Leo Tolstoy
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Chapter 13: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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Q1) Ireland's Easter Rebellion
Q2) On the eve of the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914, William II of Germany
A) was plotting the overthrow of Nicholas II in Russia.
B) was intentionally provoking the Russians to attack Austria and set off a world war.
C) attempted to engage Nicholas II in a diplomatic dialogue to possibly avoid war.
D) sent ultimatums to England and France that were so clumsy and insulting as to make war inevitable.
E) abdicated in favor of his son, the Crown Prince, and sought exile in Belgium.
Q3) The Schlieffen Plan was designed to prevent
A) America's entry into the war.
B) war.
C) a prolonged two-front war.
D) a war of attrition.
E) a European-wide war.
Q4) Reds and Whites
Q5) Defense of the Realm Act
Q6) Second Battle of the Marne
Q7) Black Hand
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Chapter 14: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between the
Wars, 1919-1939
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Q1) five-year plans
Q2) Lenin's New Economic Policy saved the Russian economy. A)True
B)False
Q3) A major cause of the Great Depression in Europe was
A) European governments were too involved in their own economies.
B) the recall of American loans from European markets.
C) the underproduction and high prices of agricultural goods in eastern and central Europe.
D) the inability of the League of Nations to set complementary economic policies in different global markets.
E) Weimar Germany's high tariff policies that prohibited trade with other nations.
Q4) The first Popular Front government in France
A) solved the depression by eliminating workers' benefits.
B) gave ordinary workers new rights and benefits including a minimum wage.
C) was able to end the problems of economic depression.
D) collapsed in 1926, allowing Raymond Poincaré's Cartel of the Left to take power.
E) remained in power until the German invasion of 1942.
Page 18
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Chapter 15: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War Ii
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Q1) "an iron curtain"
Q2) Hitler settled on acquiring German Lebensraum in the east in Russian territory in part because of his racist belief that
A) the Slavs were an "inferior" people now governed by impotent Jews among the Bolsheviks and worthy of enslavement.
B) the weakened Aryan "race" could only be rejuvenated and made better through war against the ancient enemies of the Fatherland.
C) the Anglo-Saxons were a decadent race and would never come to the aid of eastern Europeans.
D) Germany must conquer all of Europe before the great American race dominated the globe.
E) there would be no opposition to the German takeover of Russia territory as the inferior Slavs would eagerly welcome their racial superiors.
Q3) Winston Churchill
Q4) When and why did the initiative in World War II pass out of Germany's hands?
Q5) Pearl Harbor
Q6) Discuss Japan's motives-political, economic, and social-for going to war.
Q7) Anglo-German Naval Pact
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Chapter 16: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
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Q1) Indian National Congress
Q2) The Truman Doctrine did all of the following except
A) condemn the victory of the Communists in the Chinese civil war.
B) call for $400 million in aid for nations threatened by aggression
C) assist in the defense of Greece and Turkey.
D) express America's fear of Communist expansion in Europe.
E) announce the United States' intention to support "free peoples" throughout the world.
Q3) The Marshall Plan, though kind and decent, played no significant role in the post-war recovery of Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Elvis Presley and the Beatles
Q5) Jackson Pollock and Abstract Expressionism
Q6) The post-World War II art world has been mostly dominated by A) New York City.
B) Paris.
C) Berlin.
D) London.
E) Rome.
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Chapter 17: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985
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Q1) Grace Hopper and COBOL
Q2) the "Reagan revolution" and "supply-side economics"
Q3) the Prague Spring
Q4) In the early 1970s the European Community expanded with Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark becoming member states.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Unlike America's Ronald Reagan, Britain's Margaret Thatcher had little interest in foreign policy or international affairs.
A)True
B)False
Q6) "magic realism" and Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude
Q7) the Vietcong
Q8) Brezhnev Doctrine
Q9) Ferdinand de Saussure and structuralism
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Q10) Identify and discuss the causes and the consequences of the student rebellions of the 1960s and 1970s.
Q11) the "four olds" and "permanent revolution" and the Red Guards
Q12) Falklands Island/war
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Chapter 18: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Q1) The justifications that George W.Bush used for invading Iraq in 2003 were agreed upon by most members of the United Nations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Vladimir Putin
Q3) Yugoslavia was divided into warring factions because of A) demands for ethnic separatism.
B) differences of political goals.
C) support of the Serbs.
D) lack of cultural diversity.
E) religious uniformity.
Q4) Vladimir Putin was succeeded as president of Russia by A) Lech Walesa.
B) Mikhail Gorbachev.
C) Dmitry Medvedev.
D) Yuri Andropov.
E) Andrei Sakharov.
Q5) With the world increasingly inter-connected via transportation and communication networks, does the name "Western Civilization" still make sense?
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