Course Introduction
European Civilization II
Pre-Test Questions
European Civilization II explores the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments in Europe from the Enlightenment to the present day. The course examines the transformative impacts of revolutions, the rise of nation-states, industrialization, and the two World Wars, as well as the evolution of ideologies such as liberalism, nationalism, socialism, and fascism. Through analysis of primary sources and historical interpretations, students gain a deeper understanding of Europes persistent challenges and achievements, and its influence on global events.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 8th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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18 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Q1) The author of Spiritual Exercises, the key work of the Catholic Reformation, was Pope Paul III.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Although Charles V had many adversaries, his chief concern during his reign was
A) Henry VIII of England.
B) Ludwig II of Bavaria.
C) Charles XII of Sweden.
D) Francis I of France.
E) Pope Clement VII.
Answer: D
Q3) The importation of silver from the New World to Spain resulted in
A) the Industrial Revolution.
B) the Commercial Revolution.
C) deflation.
D) stagflation.
E) inflation.
Answer: E
Page 3
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major critic of the Spanish treatment of the American natives was
A) Bartolome de Las Casas.
B) Hernan Cortez.
C) Alfonso de Albuquerque.
D) Ignatius Loyola.
E) Pope Paul III.
Answer: A
Q2) The local British population in India's Fort William was imprisoned in the
A) "bilious swamp of Madras."
B) "icy Ajanta caves."
C) "black hole of Calcutta."
D) "Red Fort of the Mughals."
E) "swampy sink of Purdah."
Answer: C
Q3) In order to obtain slaves for sale to Europeans, local African rulers frequently raided defenseless villages in search of unsuspecting victims.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Q1) The artistic movement Mannerism reached its peak with the work of A) Fra Angelico.
B) Bernini.
C) Peter Paul Rubens.
D) El Greco.
E) Rembrandt.
Answer: D
Q2) In the Thirty Years' War, Wallenstein was a general who fought for A) the Emperor Ferdinand.
B) Prussia.
C) Sweden.
D) Spain.
E) England.
Answer: A
Q3) Louis XIV advertised himself as the Sun King.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Thirty Years War
Answer: not answered
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike many Protestants, the Catholic Church did not denounce and condemn the theories of Copernicus until the works of Galileo appeared over seventy-five years later.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why were seventeenth-century European intellectuals so intent on developing methods of study for entire bodies and specific fields of human knowledge? What did it mean then to become a methodical (or systematic) thinker or researcher?
Q3) Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by
A) disproving Galen's ancient theory of two separate blood systems.
B) dissecting human rather than animal cadavers.
C) advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.
D) rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors.
E) discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.
Q4) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Q5) "natural philosophers"
Q6) Margaret Cavendish
Q7) heliocentric universe
Q8) What relationships existed between scientists and the Church?
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Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Immanuel Kant
Q2) newspapers and libraries
Q3) Compare and contrast the contributions of the French philosophes and Britain's Enlightenment figures.How do they differ, if they do, and why?
Q4) In her Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that since women had been unfairly subjected to males for so many millennia, women should temporarily be given special legal rights and privileges in excess of those of males in compensation of their long servitude.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Adam Smith believed that government
A) should not interfere in people's economic decisions.
B) set prices across the board to maintain stability.
C) should encourage people to share and help each other.
D) has a responsibility to the people to manage the economy.
E) is not necessary and should be eliminated entirely.
Q6) pietism and the Moravian Brethren
Q8) Franz Joseph Haydn Page 7
Q7) To what extent did "high culture" and "popular culture" influence one another?
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Page 8
Chapter 6: The Eighteenth Century: European States, International
Wars, and Social Change
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Q1) What do we mean by the phrase "enlightened politics" and to what extent was politics "enlightened" in the European states of the eighteenth century?
Q2) What was "enlightened" about enlightened despotism? And was not so enlightened?
Q3) Labeled as "one of the most enlightened monarchs of his age" and among the most successful in wresting power away from the nobility was
A) Charles III of Spain.
B) Joseph II of Austria.
C) Gustavus III of Sweden.
D) Frederick William I of Prussia.
E) George III of Great Britain.
Q4) Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji
Q5) Frederick William I
Q6) the "putting-out" or "domestic system"
Q7) potatoes and maize
Q8) Junkers
Q9) "balance of power"
Q10) The potato is originally from Ireland.
A)True Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 7: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution
and Napoleon
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Sample Questions
Q1) the Constitution of 1789
Q2) Just prior to the Revolution in France, the number of the poor in France
A) actually declined.
B) went up significantly.
C) increased very slowly.
D) remained fairly constant.
E) a and d
Q3) What caused the French Revolution?
Q4) By the eighteenth century, the French bourgeoisie and nobility were
A) growing further apart in social status.
B) increasingly less distinguishable from each other.
C) rapidly losing social status to the third estate.
D) openly hostile and frequently involved in street battles.
E) almost completely dominated by the clergy of the First Estate.
Q5) the Tennis Court Oath
Q6) Law of General Maximum
Q7) the Jacobins
Q8) the Bastille
Q9) Elba and Saint Helena
Page 11
Q10) Georges Danton
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Page 12
Chapter 8: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Q1) bourgeoisie
Q2) Edwin Chadwick
A) was a leader in expressing the dislike of the middle class for the working poor.
B) wrote the Treatise on the Iron Law of Wages.
C) advocated modern sanitary reforms that resulted in Britain's first Public Health Act.
D) was representative of the new entrepreneurial, industrial class.
E) opposed any and all government involvement in economic and social issues.
Q3) the Great Famine
Q4) The Luddites
A) received little support in their areas of activity.
B) destroyed industrial machines that destroyed their livelihood.
C) were composed of the lowest unskilled workers in Great Britain.
D) was the first movement of working-class consciousness of the Continent.
E) demanded the establishment of a socialist economy.
Q5) joint-stock companies
Q6) Discuss the concept of the 'middle-class' and its relation to the Industrial Revolution.
Q7) factory discipline
Page 13
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Chapter 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism,
1815-1850
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Sample Questions
Q1) utopian socialism
Q2) Goethe's The Sorrows of the Young Werther
Q3) Corn Laws and the Peterloo Massacre
Q4) The foreign minister and diplomat who dominated the Congress of Vienna was
A) Klemens von Metternich.
B) Prince Talleyrand.
C) Tsar Alexander I.
D) Napoleon.
E) Duke of Wellington.
Q5) The most important form of literary expression for the romantics was A) the essay.
B) poetry.
C) the novel.
D) the play.
E) the monograph.
Q6) Greek Revolt
Q7) classical economics
Q8) balance of power
Q9) What were some of the means that governments attempted to maintain "order" in Page 14
the nineteenth century? Which were most successful, and why?
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Page 15
Chapter 10: An Age of Nationalism and Realism, 1850-1871
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Q1) North German Confederation
Q2) Compare and contrast slavery in the United States with the serfdom in Imperial Russia, the abolition of both, and the resulting aftermath.
Q3) Dual Monarchy
Q4) Dmitri Mendeleyev
Q5) "survival of the fit"
Q6) Among the key political consequences of Disraeli's Reform Act of 1867 was
A) the outbreak of mass strikes by industrial workers in Britain.
B) a large increase in the number of voters and tighter organization of Liberal and Conservative political parties.
C) the emergence of female suffrage movements in other European countries inspired by extension of the vote to British women.
D) the freeing of the last British serfs on northern landed estates.
E) the incorporation of India into the British Empire.
Q7) Marx's Das Kapital
Q8) How did the expansion of scientific knowledge affect the Western world view and the everyday lives of Europeans during the mid-nineteenth century? How does this expansion of scientific knowledge differ from that in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
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Chapter 11: Mass Society in an Age of Progress, 1871-1894
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Sample Questions
Q1) Employment opportunities for women during the Second Industrial Revolution
A) changed in quality and quantity with the expansion of the service sector.
B) declined dramatically as prostitution became illegal.
C) increased greatly with working-class men pushing their wives to work outside the home.
D) declined when piece-work was abandoned as inefficient and "sweatshops" were outlawed.
E) declined because labor unions forced governments to restrict most employment opportunities to men only.
Q2) Graham Bell
Q3) By 1871, the focus of Europeans' lives had become
A) their weekends.
B) their schools.
C) their favorite sports teams.
D) the national state.
E) their church.
Q4) Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel
Q5) Public Health Act of 1875
Q6) Bismarck's welfare legislation
Q7) Alexander III and Nicholas II
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Chapter 12: An Age of Modernity, Anxiety, and Imperialism, 1894-1914
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Q1) Russia's disastrous defeat in the Russo-Japanese war indirectly led to the
A) the dismissal of Count Witte.
B) the loss of all of Siberia to Japan.
C) the enlargement of the Duma.
D) an unsuccessful coup by the Tsar.
E) the Revolution of 1905.
Q2) By the early twentieth century, British liberalism had abandoned laissez-faire in favor of governmental activism and social reform.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), Houston Stewart Chamberlain predicted that Germany was destined to
A) lead the world in high-tech manufacturing.
B) lead the Aryan race to the conquest of Europe.
C) be the European leader in music and the arts.
D) generate the next great world religion.
E) failure if they did not accept Jews as the originators of Western civilization.
Q4) Cecil Rhodes
Page 18
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Chapter 13: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) soviets
Q2) Defense of the Realm Act
Q3) The tank
A) was invented by the Germans.
B) was crucial in the outcome of World War I.
C) would play a larger role in World War II than in World War I.
D) was useless in rough terrain.
E) a and b
Q4) Petrograd
Q5) reparations
Q6) League of Nations' mandates
Q7) The Schlieffen Plan was designed to prevent
A) America's entry into the war.
B) war.
C) a prolonged two-front war.
D) a war of attrition.
E) a European-wide war.
Page 19
Q8) Were there any realistic alternatives to the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, given the causes and the consequences of the war and its impact upon western civilization?
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Page 20
Chapter 14: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars, 1919-1939
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kristallnacht
Q2) Culture in Nazi Germany centered around
A) the use of modern, abstract forms to reflect Germany's "new order."
B) the functionalism of the Bauhaus school.
C) petty-bourgeois art, with sentimental and realistic scenes glorifying strong, heroic Aryans.
D) religious scenes influenced by Catholic dogma.
E) military themes at the expense of all other subjects.
Q3) Adolph Hitler falsified his official paperwork and convinced the populace that he had served in the military during World War I, when in fact he had not.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Great Depression
Q5) Joseph Stalin
Q6) Treaty of Locarno
Q7) Frank Lloyd Wright
Q8) the blackshirts
Q9) Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera
Page 21
Q10) Marie Stopes' Married Love
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Page 22
Chapter 15: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War
Ii
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hitler settled on acquiring German Lebensraum in the east in Russian territory in part because of his racist belief that
A) the Slavs were an "inferior" people now governed by impotent Jews among the Bolsheviks and worthy of enslavement.
B) the weakened Aryan "race" could only be rejuvenated and made better through war against the ancient enemies of the Fatherland.
C) the Anglo-Saxons were a decadent race and would never come to the aid of eastern Europeans.
D) Germany must conquer all of Europe before the great American race dominated the globe.
E) there would be no opposition to the German takeover of Russia territory as the inferior Slavs would eagerly welcome their racial superiors.
Q2) Great Patriotic War
Q3) Was it morally right to use the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
Q4) Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Q5) In Asia, the turning point in World War II was the Battle of Midway.
A)True
B)False
Page 23
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Chapter 16: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965
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Sample Questions
Q1) On balance, was the decade of the 1960s "constructive" or "destructive" or both? Discuss with examples.
Q2) The partition of the Indian subcontinent into the states of India and Pakistan in 1947 was accomplished with almost no violence or bloodshed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The social structure of the postwar European society has been greatly affected by a dramatic increase in the number of
A) industrial workers.
B) rural, agricultural laborers.
C) government workers.
D) military personnel.
E) white-collar management and administrative personnel.
Q4) France's Fourth Republic collapsed and Charles de Gaulle came to power in 1958 because of disastrous French defeats in Vietnam.
A)True
B)False
Q5) women's liberation movement
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Chapter 17: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World, 1965-1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) An appropriate symbol of détente between Russia and America was the ABM Treaty of 1972 that
A) guaranteed massive American financial aid to the Russians.
B) allowed the Russians to export more luxury commodities to the U.S.without paying import taxes.
C) enabled both countries to trade freely in aircraft, bonds, and minerals.
D) pledged the two nations to limit their development of anti-ballistic missile systems thus avoiding a new arms race.
E) resulted in alliance between the Soviets and the United States directed against Communist China and Mao Zedong, with the letters ABM referring to "All But Mao."
Q2) The Soviet Union's Yuri Andropov's most significant accomplishment was his support of Mikhail Gorbachev, a young reformer.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Identify and discuss Marshall McLuhan's 1960s concept of the "global village." Has he been an accurate forecaster of events from the vantage point of the early twenty-first century?
Q4) Canada's Pierre Trudeau and Brian Mulroney
Page 25
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Chapter 18: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) globalization
Q2) Under perestroika, Mikhail Gorbachev
A) intended to frighten the United States with more military spending.
B) intended to create a more free and open political culture in the USSR.
C) intended to turn all power over to the people.
D) intended to restructure the economic and political systems.
E) intended to do nothing substantial.
Q3) perestroika and glasnost
Q4) As general secretary of the Communist Party, Mikhail Gorbachev abolished Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution, which had guaranteed the "leading role" to the Communist Party.
A)True
B)False
Q5) "The Iraq war was the wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time." Discuss with specifics the pros and cons the quotation.
Q6) NGOs
Q7) Ronald Reagan and the Cold War
Q8) Compare and contrast the experiences of Russia with those of its Eastern European neighbors since the end of the Soviet Union in 1991. Page 26
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