European Civilization
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of European civilization from its ancient beginnings to the modern era. Students will examine major historical, cultural, intellectual, and political developments that have shaped Europe, including the legacy of Greece and Rome, the influence of Christianity, the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation, Enlightenment thought, revolutions and nation-states, and the impact of wars and contemporary changes. Through readings, discussions, and critical analysis, the course aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of Europe's diverse societies, cultural achievements, and their lasting influence on global history.
Recommended Textbook Making Europe The Story of the West 2nd Edition by Frank
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Page 2
L. Kidner
Chapter 1: The Origins of Western Civilization in the Ancient
Near East,3000-1200 BCE
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Q1) Most of the Minoan records in Linear A are what type of documents?
A) inventories.
B) law codes
C) religious texts
D) poetry
E) genealogies.
Answer: A
Q2) Compare early human perspectives on death and the afterlife.Include preliterate societies,Egypt,and Mesopotamia.How do these civilizations demonstrate the importance of death?
Answer: Students should be able to discuss the different perspectives on the afterlife in prehistorical societies,such as burial chamber findings,and contrast these with the organized religious perspective of Egypt and Mesopotamia.In Egypt,access to the afterlife was limited,in the Old Kingdom,to the pharaohs and their immediate family;thus,access was an indication of status.Their burial in huge pyramids was also a marker of social importance.The transition or democratization of access to the afterlife in Egypt is noted in the Middle Kingdom.In Mesopotamia,the afterlife was unpleasant for all;they believed that burial goods were stolen by demons on the journey to the underworld,and the dead spent eternity eating dust and weeping.
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Q1) The most prosperous people in the Persian Empire were
A) landowners who were rewarded by the king for military service.
B) artisans who contributed to the local economy.
C) warriors who were recruited for the Immortals.
D) scholars who translated literature.
E) priests in Zoroastrian Temples.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following was not a means of Assyria's superior military forces?
A) utilizing cavalry instead of chariots
B) utilizing swords instead of lances
C) incorporating engineers into siege warfare
D) applying advanced catapult technology assimilated from the Chaldeans
E) undermining fortified cities by "sapping" or digging tunnels under walls
Answer: D
Q3) Assyrian kings placed a great deal of importance on maintaining records of their conquests.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: The Rise of Greek Civilization,1100-387 BCE
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Q1) The Greek gods,headed by Zeus,were perceived as
A) isolated and indifferent to human existence.
B) actively demanding sacrifices and ceremonies.
C) very much like humans, with successes and failures.
D) angry forces of nature that must be appeased.
E) whimsical spirits who were amused by humans.
Answer: C
Q2) All Greek male citizens were entitled to participate in the government.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The primary requirement for being a Hellene was
A) being a polis citizen.
B) speaking Greek.
C) being a warrior.
D) voting in the assembly.
E) worshipping the Olympian gods.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: From Polis To Cosmopolis: The Hellenistic
World,387-30 BCE
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Q1) Macedonia was useful to the Greek states because
A) its plentiful resources were exploited by the polis of Corinth.
B) its fertile agricultural land provided food resources to Athens.
C) it had a powerful army that allied with the Greeks against the Persians.
D) it served as a buffer zone against violent tribes to the north.
E) it was a significant area for intellectual development.
Q2) In which area was Alexander the Great NOT acknowledged as a ruler?
A) Greece
B) India
C) Persia
D) Egypt
E) Macedonia
Q3) In the Hellenistic world,what was the predominant form of government?
A) absolute monarchy
B) oligarchy
C) representative government
D) true democracy
E) empires
Q4) What measures did Alexander take to try and create a unified empire?
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Q5) How did philosophy differ from the Hellenic to the Hellenistic Age?
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Chapter 5: The Rise of Rome,753-27 BCE
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Q1) In comparing the three Punic Wars,what significant differences do you see? What were the major successes or defeats?
Q2) What was the primary duty of the consuls in the Senate?
A) to oversee the census
B) to appoint new senators
C) to introduce laws to the Senate
D) to lead the legion in war
E) to oversee the administration of justice
Q3) What prevented the Romans from building an empire immediately after their initial war victories?
A) They did not feel that accruing land would contribute to the glory of Rome.
B) They did not want the expense of a large army.
C) They did not have a substantial enough economy to incorporate new territories.
D) Their justifications of war did not support building an empire.
E) All of these.
Q4) Compare the resistance to cultural blending within Rome to that within the Hellenistic world.
Q5) What crises faced by Rome led to the development of dictatorships?
Q6) Why was life better for women in Rome than in Greece?
Page 7
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Q1) Why did Bouddica instigate a revolt against the Romans? Analyze why this example was important in the development of the Roman empire.
Q2) Cities within the empire provided entertainment in all of the following ways except A) theatrical performances.
B) circuses.
C) athletic competitions.
D) gladiatorial games.
E) religious retreats.
Q3) Most religions within the empire were
A) monotheistic.
B) polytheistic.
C) agnostic.
D) focused on the imperial cult.
E) henotheistic.
Q4) Pontius Pilate sentenced Jesus to death in his capacity as Roman prefect.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What accounts for changes in the population of slaves in the Roman Empire?
Q6) Why did Christianity have trouble fitting in with the Roman Empire?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Late Antiquity,284-527
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Q1) The Visigoths in Spain adopted Roman Law.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which crucial event took place in 410?
A) The onslaught of the Huns under Attila.
B) The sack of Rome by the Visigoths under Alaric.
C) The seizure of Spain by the Vandals.
D) The occupation of Gaul by the Franks.
E) The march across the frozen Danube River by the Visigoths.
Q3) Which of the following challenges did Diocletian face at the start of his reign?
A) massive inflation
B) military threat from barbarians
C) lack of control of the army
D) a divided empire
E) All of these
Q4) Why did the emphasis of the Roman Empire shift to the east in the dominate period?
Q5) What relationship did Mithraism have with Christianity?
Q6) How did paganism differ from Christianity in late antiquity?
Q7) How did Christianity and its culture transform the literature of Late Antiquity?
Page 9
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Q1) The second Council of Nicaea in 787 forbade the use of icons in religious services.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the mid-sixth century,much of the Byzantine Empire's population died from A) an attack by Persians.
B) an earthquake.
C) the bubonic plague.
D) starvation.
E) the collapse of Hagia Sophia.
Q3) The purpose of the Five Pillars of Islam was to
A) provide a set of absolute law like Moses did.
B) provide unity of purpose and action among all Muslims.
C) be symbolic representations of the five golden rules mandated by Mohammad.
D) establish who the five principal leaders of the religion were after Mohammad's death.
E) None of these.
Q4) Analyze the expansion of the Islamic Empire in terms of its development and assimilation.
Q5) What role did Christianity play in Rus?
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Chapter 9: The Kingdoms of Western Europe,500-1000
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Q1) The financial payment to place a noble woman in a convent was usually equivalent to what would be paid as a dowry for marriage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which was not a source of revenue for monasteries around 1000?
A) animal husbandry
B) agriculture
C) milling
D) mining
E) long-distance trade
Q3) What was the difference between a serf and a peasant on a medieval manor?
Q4) A dividing issue between the Eastern and Western churches was
A) bishops taking on more secular authority.
B) the use of icons in worship.
C) lack of compliance with the mandates of the Council of Nicaea.
D) how much authority the pope should have.
E) whether the bishop of Rome was really St. Peter.
Q5) Explain the system of feudalism and its obligations of social reciprocity.
Q6) What criteria allowed bishops to become so powerful? What were their areas of authority and related duties?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The High Middle Ages,1000-1300
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Q1) The Holy Roman emperor Frederick II allowed Muslims to freely practice their religion in
A) Jerusalem.
B) the Norman Kingdom.
C) southern Italy.
D) Rome.
E) Spain.
Q2) Which of the following statements about slavery in Europe is false?
A) Christian slave merchants sold slaves from North Africa, Corsica, and Sardinia.
B) Narrowly defining Christians as Roman allowed slave traders to sell Greeks as slaves until 1453.
C) Most Black Sea slaves were women.
D) Religious prohibitions prevented Muslims from selling other Muslims as slaves.
E) Genoese and Venetian merchants dominated the slave trade in the eastern Mediterranean.
Q3) How did the Capetian dynasty in particular engage in the centralization of authority?
Q4) What were the effects of the agricultural transformation in the Middle Ages?
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Chapter 11: Reversals and Disasters,1300-1450
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Q1) The unam sanctum argued that
A) the pope was infallible in his decisions.
B) a pope in power could not be deposed for any reason.
C) the Holy Roman emperor could veto the choice of the college of cardinals for the next pope.
D) the pope had ultimate temporal and spiritual authority.
E) there was only one authority within the church, that decreed by the pope.
Q2) In the thirteenth century,the greatest threat to the Muslims was from the A) Mongols.
B) Bulgars.
C) Cumans.
D) Byzantines.
E) Pechenegs.
Q3) Peasant revolts in the fourteenth century were often based on their resentment over A) agricultural quotas.
B) conscription into the king's army.
C) lack of response during the plague.
D) increased taxation to pay for wars.
E) lack of trade opportunities for peasants.
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Chapter 12: The Renaissance in Italy and Northern
Europe,1350-1550
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Q1) What is meant by the "vanishing point" in painting?
A) The spot at which perspective is lost.
B) The blending of colors into one another.
C) The convergence of lines to give the appearance of dimension.
D) The embedding or hiding an image in the background of a painting.
E) The extension a picture to the very edges of a canvas to convey its continuation.
Q2) The inventor of the printing press was
A) Da Vinci.
B) Gutenberg.
C) Brunelleschi.
D) Petrarch.
E) Weisberg.
Q3) The advance made in painting by the Italians during this time period was the use of
A) warm colors that emulated texture.
B) perspective.
C) anatomically developed human figures.
D) contraposed statues of the human form.
E) nonreligious portraiture.
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Chapter 13: Europes Age of Expansion, 1450 1550
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Q1) Why did serfdom in Western Europe disappear after the fourteenth century?
A) Labor was scarce.
B) New laws converted serfs to peasants.
C) The Church declared serfdom a sin.
D) There was a large rise in slavery to replace serfdom.
E) Agriculture was no longer the primary economic model in western Europe.
Q2) A significant difference in Russian policy versus that of Spain's was that Russia
A) welcomed settlement of Jews into a region known as "The Pale"
B) forbade slavery within their Imperial territories
C) demanded adherence to the Eastern Orthodox Church
D) prohibited the Orthodox church from missionary activity
E) None of the above.
Q3) Explain the emergence of Spain as a unified and strong kingdom focused on Christianity under the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella.
Q4) How did European exploration lead to imperialism?
Q5) Through the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,France and Spain fought for control of Italy.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) How was the creation of new religious orders for men and women within Catholicism different in the sixteenth century than in the earlier church reforms?
Q2) One area in which popular support for Luther's denunciation of the Church was found was among
A) Anabaptists.
B) rural parishes where priests were preaching in conflict with Dominicans.
C) Christian Humanists.
D) urban reformers.
E) Jesuits.
Q3) According to Calvin's theory of double predestination,what would happen to an individual?
A) One could be saved through repentance and a second baptism as an adult.
B) Good works were a critical measure of salvation.
C) One was saved or damned by God before birth.
D) All who embraced Calvinism would be saved.
E) One was either saved or damned, and there was no such thing as Purgatory.
Q4) Explain the way Christianity dealt with taking care of the poor.
Q5) What was the Catholic response to the charges raised by various offshoots of Protestantism?
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Chapter 15: A Century of Crisis,1550-1650
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Q1) Oliver Cromwell ultimately seized the throne and crown of England during the Civil Wars.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Elizabeth I faced all of the following problems in England except A) assurance of a peaceful transfer of succession.
B) competition and bad feelings from Spain.
C) rebellion in Ireland.
D) instilling a moderate form of Protestantism in England.
E) limitations in naval abilities.
Q3) Religious wars in the seventeenth century were experienced in all of Europe except A) England.
B) France.
C) Germany.
D) the Dutch Republic.
E) All of these experienced religious wars.
Q4) What role did overseas competition play in fueling conflict between the European states?
Q5) How did the division of the Habsburg Empire change the Holy Roman Empire?
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Chapter 16: State-Building and the European State System,1648-1789
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Q1) Leopold was finally successful in defeating the Ottomans as defined in which Treaty?
A) Carlowitz
B) Saztmár
C) Bucharest
D) Vienna
E) Rákóczi
Q2) The largest army in Europe in the seventeenth century was in A) France.
B) Spain and the Spanish Netherlands.
C) England.
D) Prussia.
E) Austrian Habsburg lands.
Q3) The Russian ruler given credit for making Russia into a European power was
A) Peter the Great.
B) Catherine the Great.
C) Ivan IV the Terrible.
D) Michael Romanov.
E) Peter III.
Q4) Why is Peter the Great seen as the modernizer of Russia?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment,1550-1790
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Q1) One of Voltaire's greatest supporters was
A) Cosimo II de' Medici.
B) Alexander Pope.
C) Catherine II.
D) King Louis XVI of France.
E) King George III of England.
Q2) How did literacy change in the eighteenth century? What audiences were targeted and why?
Q3) With the change in reading habits of the eighteenth century,all of the following were newly popular forms of reading except A) novels.
B) newspapers
C) political tracts.
D) scientific papers.
E) religious materials.
Q4) How did Montesquieu suggest that the ideal form of government could be achieved?
Q5) In his battles against the Catholic Church,Voltaire argued vehemently for atheism. A)True B)False
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Chapter 18: Trade and Empire,1700-1800
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Q1) What factors led to Britain's emergence as the leader of the Industrial Revolution?
Q2) What was Portugal's main economic imperial product in the eighteenth century?
A) Sugar
B) Slaves
C) Coffee
D) Gold
E) Spices
Q3) The Middle Passage brought about the three way transportation of slaves,rum,and goods between Africa,Europe and America.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The crop that most strongly fueled the economic demand for slaves in the New World was
A) coffee.
B) cotton.
C) rice.
D) sugar.
E) tobacco.
Q5) How did the putting-out system transform commercial manufacturing?
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Chapter 19: Revolutionary France and Napoleonic
Europe,1775-1815
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Q1) The Vendée objected mostly to which action of the Revolution?
A) The categorization of active and passive citizens
B) The declaration of war outside Europe
C) Conscription of peasants for the army
D) The execution of the king
E) The September Massacres
Q2) In her quest for political reforms,Olympia de Gouges called for all of the following except
A) a voluntary tax to be paid by all.
B) a state system of social security and state employment.
C) a system of public education for boys and girls.
D) local community ownership of farmlands for peasants.
E) equal social and political rights for women compared to men.
Q3) The event that required Louis XVI to recall the Estates General in 1789 was the
A) need for their consent for participation in the American Revolution.
B) need to reassure France that he was on top of the financial crisis.
C) need for a loan to forestall bankruptcy for France.
D) declaration of the Third Estate that the king must enact just prices.
E) overwhelming concern of the nobility and clergy that the Third Estate was going to riot.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Restoration and Reform: Conservative and Liberal
Europe,1814-1847
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Q1) A defining trait of Romanticism's philosophy and politics can be described as A) nihilistic.
B) humanistic.
C) atheistic.
D) utopian.
E) ambivalent.
Q2) Romanticism embraced rationalism and the logic of the enlightenment,seeking a return to those intellectual ideas of the past.
A)True
B)False
Q3) By nineteenth-century standards,why was the French Revolution seen as a failure?
Q4) The Reform Bill of 1832 accomplished all of the following except
A) strengthening the position of the bourgeoisie.
B) benefitting and empowering the growing middle classes.
C) encouraging the participation in party politics.
D) serving as a compromise to prevent political unification of the workers and middle classes.
E) establishing universal suffrage.
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Q5) In what ways did the French Revolution continue to influence politics and culture?
Chapter 21: Industrialization and Society,1800-1850
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Q1) Acceptable activities for middle class women in the nineteenth century included all of the following except
A) marriage.
B) charitable activities.
C) political advocacy.
D) writing novels.
E) being teachers.
Q2) Artisans who were most drastically affected by being put out of work in industrialization were
A) shoemakers.
B) weavers.
C) glassblowers.
D) clock makers.
E) tailors.
Q3) Which was the first region in continental Europe to industrialize?
A) Belgium
B) Germany
C) France
D) Holland
E) Austria-Hungary
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Chapter 22: The Triumph of the Nation-State,1848-1900
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Q1) Among the demands of Germany's King William I to settle the Franco Prussian war,was the transfer of
A) Loire Valley
B) Alsace-Lorraine
C) Normandy
D) Nice
E) Marseilles
Q2) How did liberalism guide the political upheavals of 1848?
A) It informed the demand for constitutions.
B) It informed the demand for fixed prices on bread.
C) It informed the desire of the working class to unite for mutual economic interests.
D) It was the motivating factor for economic guarantees of minimum wages.
E) It prompted conservative governments to suppress workers' rights.
Q3) In what area of Europe did the revolutions of 1848 have the greatest effect? Analyze the causes and effects.
Q4) The Compromise of 1867 gave Austria the right to dismiss the Hungarian parliament.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: The Culture of Industrial Europe,1850-1914
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Q1) In contrast to the Salon de Paris,artists who did not conform to those standards created which alternate display site?
A) Musée D'Or
B) Gare du Nord
C) Salon Pas
D) Jardin du Luxembourg
E) Salon des Refusés.
Q2) Edouard Manet shocked French society with which "scandalous" painting?
A) The Dancers.
B) Starry Nights.
C) The Luncheon on the Grass.
D) Le Chat Noir.
E) Nude Descending a Staircase.
Q3) The Panama Canal connected which areas?
A) North and South America
B) The Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
C) The Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean
D) The Indian and Pacific Oceans.
E) Africa and Europe.
Q4) How did Auguste Comte influence the social sciences? What made his theories new?
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Chapter 24: The Age of Imperialism,1870-1914
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Q1) Kipling's "white man's burden" referred to
A) the need to redress the slave trade.
B) the cost of establishing European imperial colonies.
C) a sense of obligation to spread European culture and civilization.
D) the stress of being a superior European.
E) the social paradigm constructed by industrialization.
Q2) French settler colonies in Africa were established in which area?
A) Egypt
B) South Africa
C) The Congo
D) Algeria
E) Nigeria
Q3) The conflict over interests in Korea between Russia and Japan was primarily focused on what?
A) Russian naval presence in Port Arthur.
B) Russian settlement in Vladivostok.
C) Russia's Trans-Siberian Railway annex.
D) Russian military bases in China.
E) Occupation of small islands in the Pacific.
Q4) What fueled European ability to impose unequal treaties?
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Chapter 25: War and Revolution,1900-1918
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Q1) What intensified anti-German feelings in the United States in 1915?
A) The sinking of the Lusitania.
B) The Battle of Jutland.
C) The use of total war as a tactic.
D) The use of poison gas in trench warfare.
E) German aircraft attacks by the Red Baron.
Q2) The Triple Alliance was a coalition among which countries?
A) England, France, and Germany
B) England, Italy, and Russia
C) Russia, Germany, and Austria
D) Austria, Germany, and Italy
E) Austria, England, and France
Q3) The only empire remaining at the end of the war was
A) the Ottoman Empire.
B) the Russian Empire.
C) the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
D) the Balkan Empire.
E) none of these.
Q4) Why was Italy looked at as a "junior" partner in the Triple Alliance? What did Italy bring to the partnership?
Page 27
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Chapter 26: A Decade of Revolutionary
Experiments,1918-1929
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Q1) How did Mussolini eventually take control of Italy?
A) By gaining control of parliament through the elections favoring the Fascist Party
B) By marching on Rome with thousands of supporters to intimidate the king
C) By disbanding parliament and threatening the king
D) By staging a military coup with the socialist forces to overthrow the monarchy
E) Gaining the support of the conservative factions by brutally suppressing workers' strikes
Q2) Which was the primary characteristic of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's plan for modernizing Turkey?
A) Nationalism
B) Secularization
C) Industrialization
D) Universal suffrage
E) Suppression of Islam
Q3) Albert Einstein's dedication to pacifism was characteristic of the scientific community.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 27: Democracy Under Siege,1929-1945
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Q1) In the Spanish Civil War,Francisco Franco represented what faction?
A) Republicans
B) Fascists
C) Monarchists
D) Nationalists
E) Social Democrats
Q2) The greatest defeat to Germany was at the battle in
A) Kalininigrad.
B) Leningrad.
C) Moscow.
D) Kursk.
E) Novosibirsk.
Q3) Explain the rise to power of Hitler and the Nazi Party.
Q4) Stalinism in the 1930s generated what effect?
A) A decline in industry
B) A rebound in agricultural productivity
C) Widespread paranoia as citizens were dispersed into forced labor camps
D) International admiration for Stalin's leadership and management techniques
E) Proof of the viability of a communist state
Q5) Why did the policy of appeasement fail?
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Chapter 28: Europe Divided,1945-1968
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The costliest conflict for France involved
A) Vietnam.
B) Algeria.
C) Morocco.
D) Indochina.
E) Bessarabia.
Q2) Under the terms of the Potsdam Conference in 1945
A) Poland and Czechoslovakia could eject all Germans from their country.
B) Nazi leaders were put on trial for war crimes.
C) The terms of reparation were set on Germany.
D) Germany was divided into the Western and Eastern German Republics.
E) Roosevelt offered economic relief to democratized European states for rebuilding.
Q3) Why was Ana Pauker called "the most powerful woman alive" by Time magazine?
A) She was the leader of the French resistance.
B) She was the first woman elected as president in the Western world.
C) She was the head of the Romanian Communist Party.
D) She was the first secretary-general of the United Nations.
E) She was the leader of the first Zionist community in Israel.
Q4) What are the origins of the cold war?
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Chapter 29: Lifting the Iron Curtain,1969-1991
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women gained a significant foothold on the election to European and national offices in the period between 1970 1990.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How did popular culture affect the presentation of personal style and culture?
Q3) What were the problems faced by the Eastern bloc nations in continuing communism in the 1970s and 1980s?
Q4) Which eastern European country did not have a peaceful transition of power in 1989?
A) Czechoslovakia
B) East Germany
C) Hungary
D) Romania
E) Bulgaria
Q5) What was the difference between glasnost and perestroika as proposed by Gorbachev?
Q6) How did terrorist organizations utilize public dissatisfaction with European politics to advance their more radical politics on both the right and left sides?
Q7) What were the difficulties Gorbachev faced in implementing economic reform?
Page 31
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20393
Sample Questions
Q1) Vladimir Putin is very popular as president of Russia for all of the following reasons except he
A) doesn't drink alcohol.
B) is a disciple of vigorous exercise.
C) is an adherent to Russian Orthodox Christianity.
D) maneuvered himself into power as Prime minister under Medvedev.
E) is an ardent nationalist.
Q2) What events led to the failure of the Oslo Agreements which established Palestinian lands within Israel?
Q3) The area of the world that has seen the greatest increase in the spread of AIDS is A) India.
B) Indonesia.
C) China.
D) Africa.
E) the United States.
Q4) Analyze the political trends in postcommunist eastern Europe.
Q5) The U.S.has endorsed the Kyoto Protocols on environmental protection.
A)True
B)False
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