Europe Since 1500 Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
This course examines the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments in Europe from 1500 to the present. Students explore transformative events such as the Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, the rise and fall of empires, revolutions, world wars, and the making of modern Europe. The course analyzes how these events influenced global history and contributed to the shaping of contemporary European identities, institutions, and conflicts, with attention to diverse perspectives and the interactions between Europe and the wider world.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Volume II Since 1500 9th Edition by Jackson J. Spielvogel
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17 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Reformation and Religious Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) Charles V ruled over an empire that included
A)northern Africa.
B)southern Italy.
C)Ireland.
D)Hungary.
E)northern France.
Answer: D
Q2) Which group supported Zwingli?
A)The Geneva city council
B)The Catholic Church
C)The Zürich city council
D)The English government
E)Charles V
Answer: C
Q3) Luther denied the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Europe and the World: New Encounters
1500-1800
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why were Native Americans not widely used as slaves on sugar plantations?
A)The Church condemned slavery as immoral.
B)They couldn't learn European languages.
C)Their populations were too small due to European diseases.
D)They were viewed as lazy and shiftless and refused to work.
E)They fought back too well and too often to be profitable.
Answer: C
Q2) Which state was the major western rival to the British in India in the seventeenth century?
A)Portugal
B)France
C)Spain
D)the Netherlands
E)Russia
Answer: B
Q3) The decline of the Maya civilization was precipitated by the arrival of the Spanish.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: State Building and the Search for Order in the
Seventeenth Century
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Q1) The Spanish defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In Tartuffe, Molière satirized
A)the ancient Greeks and Romans.
B)the English Civil War.
C)war and violence.
D)the religious and social world of his time.
E)Louis XIV.
Answer: D
Q3) Which group was most successful in placing limits on monarchial absolutism?
A)Landed nobility
B)Merchants
C)Peasants
D)Soldiers
E)Priests
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Eighteenth Century: an Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau mean by the "general will"? What kind of government did he advocate?
Q2) On what grounds did Mary Wollstonecraft challenge conventional eighteenth-century ideas about women's nature and their proper social roles?
Q3) How did Kant define the Enlightenment? What differences did he see between his time and earlier periods?
Q4) In his work, On Crimes and Punishments, ____ argued that punishments should serve only as deterrents.
A)Voltaire
B)Diderot
C)Montesquieu
D)Hume
E)Beccaria
Q5) Who made the strongest statement about women's rights during the Enlightenment?
A)Mary Wollstonecraft
B)Beatrice Williams
C)Mary Astell
D)Princess Amelia of Austria
E)Maria Cavendish
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Chapter 5: The Eighteenth Century: European States
International Wars and Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did European family structure and life change in the eighteenth century?
Q2) What statement best describes eighteenth-century France?
A)It thrived under the strong leadership of Louis XV and Louis XVI.
B)It suffered from severe economic depression throughout the century.
C)It was torn apart by a series of civil wars.
D)It lost an empire while acquiring a huge public debt.
E)It brought back the Estates General during the reign of Louis XV.
Q3) At the heart of Prussian government was the bureaucracy and the A)clergy.
B)army.
C)court.
D)judiciary.
E)diplomatic corp.
Q4) The most important product of European industry in eighteenth century was A)steel.
B)textiles.
C)arms.
D)glassware.
E)porcelain.
Q5) What role did the nobility play in European politics in the eighteenth century?
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Chapter 6: A Revolution in Politics: the Era of the French Revolution
and Napoleon
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Q1) Who was Olympe de Gouges?
A)She became the first female member of the National Assembly.
B)She attempted to kill Marie Antoinette after the queen said, "Let them eat cake."
C)She wrote The Declaration of the Rights of the Woman and the Female Citizen.
D)She was the ghost author of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
E)She was the mistress to Robespierre.
Q2) Which group had a large representation among the Third Estate delegates to the Estates-General?
A)Priests
B)Peasants
C)Lawyers
D)Courtiers
E)Women
Q3) Napoleon's expedition to Egypt was a disaster.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Was the American War of Independence truly revolutionary? Explain.
Q5) What role did nationalism play in the fall of Napoleon?
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Chapter 7: The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
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Q1) Lack of technical knowledge hampered industrialization on the continent until the early twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Industrialization began in earnest on the European continent after A)1870.
B)1735.
C)1750.
D)1850.
E)1815.
Q3) Factory workers had to ____ if their employers' enterprises were to be profitable. A)live at the factory
B)eat on the job
C)forego wages
D)work well past the age of seventy
E)do given tasks quickly, efficiently, and repeatedly
Q4) Industrial Revolution
Q5) pig iron
Q6) Public Health Act
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Chapter 8: Reaction Revolution and Romanticism 1815-1850
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the core of ideas of the Enlightenment and the Romantic movement.
Q2) Great Britain, Russia, France, Prussia and __________ met periodically in conferences known as the Concert of Europe to discuss common interests.
A)Austria
B)Spain
C)Italy
D)Greece
E)Belgium
Q3) Who formulated the idea of the "principle of legitimacy"?
A)Louis-Philippe
B)Napoleon
C)Klemens von Metternich
D)Talleyrand
E)Edmund Burke
Q4) For the Romantics, the novel ranked above all other literary forms.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What ideas and beliefs united the early socialists?
Q6) What were the causes and consequences of the revolutions of 1830?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: An Age of Nationalism and Realism 1850-1871
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Q1) Napoleon III installed Maximilian of Austria as the emperor of Mexico.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which statement best applies to Charles Darwin and his evolutionary theory?
A)His ideas were readily accepted by religious fundamentalists and cultural conservatives.
B)His works were truly revolutionary in that they were the first to propose a theory of evolution.
C)His theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fit" in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival.
D)His On the Origin of Species described man's evolution from animal origins through natural selection.
E)He envisioned utopian evolution, unlike Marx who predicted materialistic revolution.
Q3) Discuss the reform efforts in Great Britain, Russia and the Austrian Empire from 1850 to 1870. How successful were they?
Q4) What were the causes and consequences of the Crimean War?
Q5) Why was slavery a threat to American unity in the mid-nineteenth century?
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Page 11
Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Urban populations grew faster than the general population primarily because of higher birthrates in the cities than in the countryside.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was the chief cause of rising European populations between 1850 and 1880?
A)An increasing rising birthrate
B)A declining mortality rate
C)Better childhood immunization programs
D)Better human diet in a consumer economy
E)Dramatic improvements in urban sanitation
Q3) What did Eduard Bernstein claim in his book Evolutionary Socialism?
A)The only hope for the workers was a violent revolution.
B)Socialism could best be achieved through the democratic process.
C)Unions should bargain with employers and avoid politics.
D)The poor were too ignorant to be allowed to vote.
E)True communism would take hundreds of years to evolve.
Q4) White-collar jobs remained closed to women after 1870.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: An Age of Modernity Anxiety and Imperialism
1894-1914
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Q1) Compare and contrast the responses of China and Japan to European and American imperialism?
Q2) Bismarck feared an anti-German alliance between
A)Britain and Austria.
B)Russia and France.
C)Austria and Italy.
D)The United States and Britain.
E)Austria and Spain.
Q3) By the early twentieth century, British liberalism had abandoned laissez-faire in favor of governmental activism and social reform.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Nietzsche, ____ was/were decadent and incapable of cultural creativity.
A)women
B)African societies
C)socialist political parties
D)China
E)Western bourgeois society
Page 13
Q5) What did nineteenth-century women's rights activists hope to achieve?
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War and Revolution
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Q1) The War Guilt Clause declared ____ responsible for starting the war.
A)Serbia
B)Russia
C)Germany
D)France
E)all of the combatants equally
Q2) How did the war in the East differ from the war in Western Europe during 1914?
A)It was marked by immobility.
B)It was marked by mobility.
C)It developed methodically and took months to get heated.
D)It was marked by careful diplomacy.
E)It involved much smaller numbers of troops.
Q3) All of these events were factors in the collapse of Russia's tsarist regime in March 1917 EXCEPT
A)the leadership of the Mensheviks formed a new Provisional Government.
B)a general strike in Petrograd.?c..heavy wartime casualties due to incompetent military leadership and poor equipment
C)strife in the ruling dynasty due to the influence of Rasputin?.e.the incompetent political leadership of Nicholas II.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Futile Search for Stability: Europe Between
the Wars 1919-1939
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mohandas Gandhi was known as the Mahatma, or "____."
A)Little God
B)Saintly Man
C)Great Soul
D)Peaceful One
E)Great Leader
Q2) Above all else, the German Expressionists were influenced by the ideas of Freud.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Who was the most famous of the Surrealistic painters?
A)Arnold Schonberg
B)Pablo Picasso
C)Walter Gropius
D)Jackson Pollack
E)Salvador Dalí
Q4) Compare and contrast the British, French, and American responses to the Great Depression.
Q5) Compare and contrast the ideas of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. How did each man understand the "unconscious"?
Q6) What were Stalin's economic goals? How did he go about trying to achieve them? Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 14: The Deepening of the European Crisis: World
War 2
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Q1) What prompted the British to offer its support to Poland in the event of war?
A)Hitler's occupation of Hungary
B)Hitler's threat to attack the Soviet Union
C)Hitler's demand of Danzig
D)Hitler's occupation of the Sudetenland
E)Hitler's invasion of France
Q2) What did France do following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk?
A)France soon surrendered and the Vichy government was set up as a German puppet state.
B)France went on the offensive and bogged Germany down in Normandy.
C)France benefited when Italian forces assisted Allied defenses, providing time to regroup.
D)France benefited when the United States declared war on Germany.
E)France became a temporary part of the British Empire.
Q3) How did the Japanese rule their Asian empire? How did they see subject populations and their resources?
Q4) What steps did Hitler take between 1933 and 1937 to strengthen Germany's position in Europe? In your opinion, why were these steps so successful?
Q5) What was the "Final Solution"? How was it carried out?
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Chapter 15: Cold War and a New Western World 1945-1965
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the Great Leap Forward?
A)Stalin's stated philosophy for his last five-year plan
B)The radicalization of the feminist movement
C)Mao Zedong's effort to achieve a classless society and the final stage of communism
D)The missile race between the United States and the Soviet Union
E)Mao Zedong's New Economic Policy, modeled on Lenin's early 1920s economic reforms
Q2) In 1959, ____ dictator Fulgencio Batista was overthrown by left-wing revolutionaries.
A)Spanish
B)Mexican
C)Portuguese
D)Cuban
E)Columbian
Q3) How did the existentialists describe the universe and humans' place in it?
Q4) Kwame Nkrumah formed the first African political party in sub-Saharan Africa.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What was the Truman Doctrine? How did it shape U.S. foreign policy?
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Page 18
Chapter 16: Protest and Stagnation: the Western World
1965-1985
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which nation took the initial lead in the sexual revolution of the 1960s?
A)the United States
B)France
C)Italy
D)Sweden
E)the Soviet Union
Q2) Discuss the impact of the birth control pill and the sexual revolution upon western society. Give examples.
Q3) What major economic problems and consequences plagued the West during the 1970s? How did the U.S., Europe, and the Soviet Union each attempt to resolve these problems? Which country or policies had the greatest success and why?
Q4) The Reagan Revolution extended tax cuts to the rich to stimulate the economy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the causes and consequences of the protest movements of the 1960s, including successes and failures.
Q6) Identify and discuss the causes and consequences of the student rebellions of the 1960s and 1970s.
Page 19
Q7) What led to the post-World War II feminist movement? What were its goals?
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Chapter 17: After the Fall: the Western World in a Global Age
Since 1985
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Q1) What conflict provided the first opportunity for testing the new relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union in the post-Cold War era?
A)Chinese-Vietnamese War
B)Arab-Israeli War
C)war in Angola
D)Persian Gulf War
E)Iraq War
Q2) What was a consequence of the war in Bosnia?
A)Yugoslavia was truly unified for the first time.
B)Bosnia was split into a Serb republic and a Muslim-Croat federation.
C)Nothing was accomplished.
D)Bosnia agreed to adhere to the Geneva Accords as their multi-party conflict raged on.
E)Bosnia agreed to join the European Community.
Q3) Was Mikhail Gorbachev responsible for the collapse of the Soviet Union? If not, who or what was? Explain.
Q4) Is the world facing a "clash of civilizations" in the near future? Why and/or why not?
Q5) How and why did the Cold War end? Did anyone "win" this conflict? Who? Why?
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