Ethnography
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Ethnography is a research methodology rooted in anthropology and the social sciences, focusing on the systematic study of people and cultures through direct observation and participation. This course introduces students to the principles, practices, and ethical considerations of ethnographic research, emphasizing techniques such as participant observation, in-depth interviews, and field notes. Students will learn how to design and conduct ethnographic studies, analyze qualitative data, and interpret cultural phenomena within their broader social contexts. By engaging with classic and contemporary ethnographic texts, students will develop a critical understanding of the role of the researcher, reflexivity, and the impact of ethnography in shaping our knowledge of human behavior and society.
Recommended Textbook
Cultural Anthropology 4th Canadian Edition by Barbara D. Miller
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15 Chapters
1776 Verified Questions
1776 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Nature of Anthropology
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is one of the most fundamental principles of traditional anthropological research?
A) Ethnographic research is always scientifically objective and unbiased.
B) Ethnographers must live closely among the people in the cultures they are studying.
C) While doing fieldwork,ethnographers are not influenced by their own emotions.
D) Anthropologists must shed their personal biases and prejudices when they engage in fieldwork.
Answer: B
Q2) Harry Hawthorn's study of the sociocultural reasons for tensions between Doukhobors and local residents of British Columbia is an example of applied anthropology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The gender of anthropologists in the field is not important to their ability to conduct their research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an anthropological definition of social structure?
A) a group of people living in the same geographical region
B) the buildings,roads,and facilities that allow people to interact
C) the relationships among groups that hold a community together
D) the family,including ancestors
Answer: C
Q2) According to the International Centre for Prison Studies in the U.K. ,which nation has the highest number of prison inmates per capita in the world?
A) China
B) Russia
C) Iran
D) U.S.A.
Answer: D
Q3) What is the reason why the Hutterites are tolerated by Canadian society?
A) They are completely assimilated.
B) They have no significant contact with other Canadians.
C) They have no economic power.
D) They are descended from light-skinned Europeans.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Beginnings of Human Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) In most primate species,which group is at the core of the social system?
A) dominant males
B) mating pairs
C) females and their offspring
D) submissive females
Answer: C
Q2) Chimpanzees have never been observed sharing food.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following options represents the food that had a major effect on the evolution of the human brain?
A) Nuts
B) Grains
C) Vegetables
D) Meat
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Language and Communication
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following phenomena can often be observed in a class-structured society?
A) more linguistic nationalism
B) pronunciation differences between upper and lower classes
C) standardization of pronunciation
D) mutually unintelligible dialects between upper and lower classes
Q2) How does Black English stand in relation to Standard English?
A) It is a separate language from Standard English.
B) It is a substandard version of Standard English.
C) It is an original structured language.
D) It is a dialect of Standard English.
Q3) Sexist language and negative gender stereotypes expressed in language are only used by men.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What do all the members of a language family have in common?
A) They have the same core vocabulary.
B) They are subordinate to a dominant language.
C) They are descended from a single ancestral language.
D) They use the same number of sounds.
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Chapter 5: Making a Living
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a work perspective,how do people in contemporary Western industrial societies compare to the modern Ju/'hoansi of the Kalahari Desert?
A) People in Western industrial societies work only half as hard and half as many hours as the Kalahari people.
B) People in Western industrial societies have time for a richer social and spiritual life than the Kalahari people.
C) People in Western industrial societies work the same number of hours as the Kalahari people.
D) People in Western industrial societies work slightly longer hours than the Kalahari people.
Q2) Who are the Bakhtiari?
A) a horticultural society that has exploited its environment by a slash-and-burn technology
B) a pastoral society revolving around two seasonal migrations in search of better grazing
C) a hunting and gathering society in Pakistan
D) a pig-raising society in Highland New Guinea
Q3) Critique the Western notion of "progress" from an anthropological viewpoint.
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Chapter 6: Economic Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about levelling mechanisms is true?
A) They are more common in foraging societies than in agricultural communities.
B) They result in one family becoming wealthier than others.
C) They are found where property must not be allowed to threaten an egalitarian social order.
D) They are more common in industrial societies than in agricultural societies.
Q2) According to Annette Weiner,when a Trobriand man's yam house is full,what does it signify to him?
A) a great burden
B) a symbol he can marry
C) a source of daily food
D) a bank account
Q3) How can anthropology contribute to the study and practice of international business?
Q4) The 2003 blackout on the North American eastern seaboard was partially due to the insatiable consumption demands of North Americans for power to fuel their technological society.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the working conditions and specialized skills of Afar salt miners.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Sex and Marriage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is common behaviour in India for parents wishing to arrange a marriage for their children?
A) segregating their children in private schools
B) encouraging their children toward online dating
C) taking their children to psychic matchmakers
D) isolating their children within the home
Q2) Which kin term applies to a group of people related by marriage?
A) nepotic
B) consanguineal
C) cogitative
D) affinal
Q3) A bride who becomes a member of her husband's household will contribute her labour and her children to her husband's group.What custom commonly accompanies this type of arrangement?
A) The bride's family pays money to the groom's people.
B) The groom's family pays money to the bride's people.
C) The groom works for a certain period of time for the bride's village.
D) The bride's family expects to marry their other daughters to sons in the groom's family.
Q4) Discuss the relationship between polygyny and wealth.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Family and Household
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a cultural phenomenon,the notion of adoption or exchange of children is fairly common in Canada today.What is its status in other cultures?
A) It has only been practised by roughly 20 percent of the world's cultures.
B) While it is quite rare in some cultures,it is very common in others.
C) It is a universally common phenomenon practised by all cultures.
D) In most countries,it is simply an informal arrangement with no legal status.
Q2) How does the socialization of North American females to be both good mothers and supermothers conflict with the realities and limitation of motherhood?
Q3) The Maya of Guatemala and southern Mexico share with the Inuit a nuclear family structure.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is the most accurate description of polygamy?
A) a man with two wives
B) a woman with two husbands
C) a person with more than one spouse
D) a group marriage
Q5) Why are the Aka pygmies considered to be the best dads in the world?
Q6) Identify and discuss the problems inherent in the "traditional" nuclear family.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Kinship and Descent
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a male member of a patrilineal descent group.Which of the following is correct?
A) Descent is traced exclusively through your mother's male ancestors.
B) Your sisters belong to the same patrilineal descent group as you do.
C) You probably live in a South Asian horticultural society.
D) Your brothers belong to the same descent group as you;your sisters do not.
Q2) A typical kinkeeper is an older woman whose goal is to promote solidarity among extended family members.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cheddar man was traced to a 42-year-old history teacher who now knows about his 9,000-year-old ancestor.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Descent groups do little more than provide a sense of warmth and belonging.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the correlation between kinship terminology,the roles people take in families,and broader social expectations.
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Chapter 10: Social Stratification and Groupings
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102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the Huron,males and females performed different duties,but both were considered significant.How often did rape occur in this Aboriginal society?
A) frequently
B) seldom
C) unpredictably
D) more often when the men were conducting warfare
Q2) Muslim Canadian fear of backlash has increased dramatically since the arrest of supposed terrorists in Toronto in 2006.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How would relations between men and women in Huron society best be described?
A) segregated,with men dominant
B) segregated,with women dominant
C) separate but equal
D) egalitarian,affectionate,and close
Q4) Describe the use of sex as a principle of social organization,using the Huron,Mundurucu,and traditional European society as contrasting examples.
Q5) Describe the motive,means,and opportunity for the destruction of Africville.
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Chapter 11: Political Organization and the Maintenance of Order
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an expanding field of employment for anthropologists?
A) ethnoscience
B) assertiveness training
C) dispute control
D) dispute resolution
Q2) How did contemporary Slavey First Nations gain greater political autonomy and more control over their traditional lands?
A) They protested rulings made by the Supreme Court of Canada.
B) They allied themselves with other Dene peoples to form the Dene nation
C) They took a petition to the United Nations outlining their grievances.
D) They took their case to the World Court.
Q3) Aboriginal peoples of Canada were true nations,even though French and English colonists refused to recognize them.
A)True
B)False
Q4) War has become common only in the last 10,000 years.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How can we define "law" cross-culturally,without ethnocentrism?
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Chapter 12: Religion and the Supernatural
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of puberty rituals of Mende girls?
A) They occur one or two years before the onset of menstruation.
B) They include circumcision before the transition.
C) Mende girls are provided with only a small amount of food and water over several months.
D) Mende girls are induced with hallucinations,which senior women then interpret.
Q2) Evidence for the antiquity of shamanistic healing practices is dated at 30,000 years ago.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Interest in vampires,horoscopes,witchcraft,and other kinds of occult or supernatural phenomena has increased in the last thirty years.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following statements about Wiccans is true?
A) They believe in divine spirits that can inform them about the future.
B) They believe their power comes from the supernatural.
C) They believe that only certain aspects of nature have spirit value.
D) They believe their power comes from the inner self.
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Chapter 13: The Arts
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Archaeologists have found musical instruments from China dated to 100,000 years ago.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which statement about the field of ethnomusicology is true?
A) It focuses on the nonverbal components of music.
B) It is the study of music in its cultural setting.
C) It began in the 1920s with the collecting of folk songs.
D) It led to the discovery of musical scales.
Q3) What do Johann Sebastian Bach and a Navajo sand painting artist have in common?
A) Bach was male,and all Navajo sand painters are male.
B) Their work was/is meant to be discarded rather than saved for posterity.
C) They were/are likely to be poor.
D) Their work was/is too complex to be appreciated by ordinary people.
Q4) According to the author,what does art do for Aboriginal peoples?
A) It encapsulates all of their cultural experience.
B) It portrays their struggle against colonialism.
C) It explains their reverence of nature.
D) It symbolizes their creation stories.
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Q5) Discuss the issues surrounding funding for and censorship of the arts in Canada.
Chapter 14: Anthropology at Work
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Dynamic Anthropology article,"Development Anthropology and Dams," explores the impact of dams on people and their environments.How many people did the Three Gorges dam displaced in rural China?
A) 500,000 people
B) 800,000 people
C) 1.4 million people
D) 2.1 million people
Q2) Scientists studying sex differences must be especially sensitive as to how they may be projecting their cultural beliefs onto their ideas about biology and nature.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Forensic anthropologists often work on historic human remains found in an archaeological context as well as more recent crime scenes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss some of the reasons that applied anthropology in Canada has focused extensively on issues pertaining to indigenous people,multiculturalism,and immigration.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Cultural Change and the Future of Humanity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of camels in the Middle East indicates that these societies were at a less-advanced stage in cultural development than societies that used the wheel.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The immediate cause of world hunger has more to do with food production than with food distribution.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Multinational corporations have been seen by some as a strong force for global unity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is an example of a primary innovation?
A) the discovery that clay heated to a certain temperature becomes permanently hard
B) the discovery that meat cooked over an open flame may cause some cancers
C) the realization that meat,when exposed to heat,becomes softer and easier to chew
D) the discovery of the principle of the wheel
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