Ethics in School Counseling Textbook
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Ethics in School Counseling explores the fundamental ethical principles, laws, and professional standards that guide the practice of school counselors. The course examines real-world scenarios and case studies to help students develop effective decision-making skills when addressing confidentiality, dual relationships, informed consent, and cultural competence. Emphasis is placed on understanding the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) Ethical Standards, navigating complex ethical dilemmas, and fostering a safe, inclusive, and ethical environment for all students. Through this course, future school counselors will gain the tools necessary to uphold integrity and advocate for the well-being and rights of students within educational settings.
Recommended Textbook
Ethics in Counseling and Therapy Developing an Ethical Identity 1st Edition by Rick A. Houser
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16 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) Ethics are founded in part on _________ and religious beliefs.
A) Social
B) Cultural
C) Educational
D) Pedagogic
Answer: B
Q2) This component involves moral reasoning or understanding of options and choices that are to be made.
A) moral sensitivity
B) moral judgment
C) moral development
D) moral character
Answer: B
Q3) This involves the prioritizing of values or beliefs, what is most important versus least important
A) moral sensitivity
B) moral judgment
C) moral motivation
D) moral character
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Professional Identity and Ethics
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Q1) Schemas are generally developed around specific scripts or views of roles and situations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) This refers to the role the person holds within a group.
A) Intragroup identity
B) Intergroup identity
C) Group membership
D) Individual identity
Answer: A
Q3) When the individual acts to conform to societal or group norms he or she is in what stage of Moral Development?
A) 1st
B) 2nd
C) 4th
D) 3rd
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Awareness and Sensitivity to Ethical Issues
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Q1) Key in the definition of principled ideologies is the idea of _____________.
A) social support
B) connections
C) commitment
D) associations
Answer: C
Q2) Haidt (2001) has championed the idea that emotions and intuitions are actually the driving force in much of an individual's ________ life.
A) spiritual
B) moral
C) social
D) psychological
Answer: B
Q3) In Hoffman's view, empathy has its roots in emotional reactions to others.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Cognitions and Reasoninghermeneutics
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Q1) The __________ model was particularly important for professional ethics education in that it framed many of the objectives of these initiatives and also the methodology used to assess ethical development.
A) Piaget
B) Kohlberg
C) Gilligan
D) Rogers
Q2) The second-most-common complaint to state licensure boards against counselors involved:
A) Dual relationships
B) Competence
C) Inappropriate record keeping
D) Breach of confidentiality
Q3) His famous six-stage model became the most influential perspective on how moral understanding was both cognitive and developmental.
A) Kohlberg
B) Glasser
C) Jung
D) Rogers
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Client Autonomy and Client Rights
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Q1) This is defined in terms of looking out for the welfare of others, showing kindness and charity.
A) autonomy
B) beneficence
C) justice
D) fidelity
Q2) _______ acknowledged consent before the medical treatment of those who were free, not slaves.
A) Socrates
B) Aristotle
C) Plato
D) Guiere
Q3) E. Brussgaard studied untreated syphilis in Caucasians and published his results in _______.
A) 1969
B) 1929
C) 1959
D) 1979
Q4) Discuss autonomy as it relates to informed consent.
Q5) What is fidelity and how does it relate to counseling?
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Chapter 6: Dual Relationships
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Q1) Counselor boundaries that potentially affect ethical behaviors, in addition to physical boundaries, include all but what:
A) Social
B) Psychological
C) Financial
D) Empathic
Q2) This may occur in a rural community where personal contact is more likely outside the professional relationship.
A) Shifts in professional roles
B) Personal and professional role conflicts
C) Circumstantial multiple roles
D) Structured multiple roles
Q3) Zur suggested one can differentiate boundaries into two categories: ________________and acceptable behavior.
A) personal and professional role conflicts
B) circumstantial multiple roles
C) shifts in professional roles
D) structural elements of the relationship or role
Q4) Define dual relationships and give two examples.
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Chapter 7: Counselor Competence
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Q1) Which is considered to be a first step in the counseling process:
A) prescribing medication
B) termination
C) assessment
D) confrontation
Q2) Discuss the importance of continuing education and how you plan to stay current in the counseling field once you are licensed.
Q3) A counselor who presents as well dressed may communicate to the client a level of competence and expertness.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a counselor experiences impairment, he or she needs to terminate treatment with clients until receiving his or her own treatment and recovering from any significant personal impairments.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is counselor burnout and how does it impair counselor competence?
Q6) What is assessment and how is it used in counseling?
Q7) Discuss three of the five stages of the stages of counselor development.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Diversity and Multicultural Competence
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Q1) Pederson (1998) suggested that multiculturalism is potentially viewed as the "______ force" in psychology and counseling.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
Q2) Recent surveys of Americans have found that _____% report belief in God.
A) 5
B) 30
C) 50
D) 95
Q3) De Lauretis (1991) introduced ______ theory in an effort to include sexual preference in context with other minority categories such as gender and race.
A) bisexual
B) gay
C) homosexual
D) queer
Q4) What are the three competencies set forth by The Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development?
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Chapter 9: Use of Technology and Ethics
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Q1) What is an EMR and what are the benefits of using it in counseling?
Q2) The purpose of this act is to set up the Office of National Coordinator for Health Information Technology with the intent of coordinating the electronic use of patient health information.
A) Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009
B) Health Information Portability Act of 1996
C) Health Information Technology for Efficiency and Clinical Health Act of 2009
D) Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 1996
Q3) CAI stands for:
A) Computer-Assisted Interviewing
B) Computer-Assisted Intellect
C) Counselor-Assisted Interviewing
D) Counselor-Assisted Inquiry
Q4) An example of tests administered through computers is the _________.
A) MTIM
B) MPIM
C) MMPI
D) MDRI
Q5) Describe the use of CAI programs.
Q6) How can fear of flying be treated through virtual reality?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Supervision and Ethics
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Q1) The counselor in this phase has a sense of accomplishment and is self-accepting.
A) lay helper
B) novice professional
C) experienced professional
D) senior professional
Q2) It is uncommon for a supervisor to perform the roles of both clinical supervisor and administrative supervisor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ronnestad and Skovholt (2003) proposed that the primary task of this phase is the development of an integrated and congruent perspective between a counseling role and self-perceptions and personal values.
A) lay helper
B) novice professional
C) experienced professional
D) senior professional
Q4) Ronnestad and Skovholt identified six phases of counselor development. List and describe these phases.
Q5) Describe in detail the final phase of Ronnestad and Skovholt's model.
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Chapter 11: Ethical Use of Research in Counseling Practice
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Q1) Harm may occur with family and friends as a consequence of counseling with a client; for example, clients may learn to behave differently, which affects those close to them in a negative way.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Geraerts et al. (2007) found that recovered memories that were inconsistent and originated within therapy were less reliable and were questionable.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Wampold et al. (2007) pointed out that the evidence in medicine is not unambiguous and that "evidence is not data, nor is it truth".
A)True
B)False
Q4) Wampold et al. (2007) suggested caution in using and interpreting EBP information.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the research described in your text on health-risk behavior.
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Chapter 12: Professional Codes of Ethics and the Law
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Q1) Bragg (2009) cited the specific goals of _____, which are to promote access to health insurance; cut fraud, abuse, and waste; and increase the efficiency of health care.
A) HERPA
B) QUIPA
C) HIPPA
D) FERPA
Q2) Compare and contrast criminal and civil law.
Q3) Alhazo et al. (2011) discussed how counselors may consider applying duty to warn to a situation involving an identified partner of a client who is infected with _____ and who has not informed his or her partner of the disease.
A) Genital Warts
B) HIV
C) Syphilis
D) Gonorrhea
Q4) What are professional code of ethics? List three professional code of ethics that apply to the counseling discipline.
Q5) What guidelines does the ACA Code of Ethics provide regarding working with clients who have HIV/AIDS?
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Chapter 13: Western Theories of Ethics
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Q1) The duty to treat all fairly:
A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) nonmalevolence
Q2) According to C. E. Harris (2007), human inclinations are divided into two groups:
A) biological values and natural values
B) human values and natural values
C) biological values and human values.
D) worldly values and human values.
Q3) _________states that one gives up his or her own rights when he or she threatens the rights of others.
A) Forfeiture
B) Double effect
C) Penalty
D) Moral law
Q4) Procreation is a human value in natural law.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Eastern Theories of Ethics
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Q1) This is defined as the ideal relationship between human beings.
A) Li
B) Ren
C) Zhong
D) Dharma
Q2) According to Taoism, farmers are aware of the natural rhythms of nature.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The state in which one can break out of the endless cycle of birth, life, and death is referred to as:
A) Li
B) Taoism
C) Dharma
D) Nirvana
Q4) Nonaction, or wu wei, is another important concept in ________.
A) Hinduism
B) Taoism
C) Buddhism
D) Confucianism
Q5) List and describe The Four Noble Truths.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Middle Eastern Ethical Theories
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Q1) Not killing others is considered to be a:
A) Good or required act
B) Undesirable act
C) Neutral act
D) Desirable act
Q2) Judaic ethics is founded on the belief that humans have a responsibility to repair the world.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Give a brief overview of Judaic Ethics.
Q4) The primary contributor to Islam was the Prophet:
A) Muhammad Ali
B) Osama Bin Laden
C) Muhammad ibu Abd Allah
D) Allah Ali Laden
Q5) Islamic ethics is more of a moral relativism approach rather than an absolutism theory.
A)True
B)False
Q6) List and describe the five major classes of ethics according to Islam.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Native American, Hispaniclatino, and African Ethics
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Q1) American Indians have a history of more than _____ years in the Americas.
A) 1,000
B) 100,000
C) 10,000
D) 1,000,000
Q2) According to African ethics, this involves completing acts and following through.
A) industry
B) patience
C) trustworthiness
D) generosity
Q3) Approximately 3,000 years ago, Americans Indians first were introduced to White Europeans.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Bopp, Bopp, Brown, and Lane (1985) identified the "Sacred Tree" as a symbol of connections within the universe.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
Q5) Compare and contrast the origins of Hispanic and Latino cultures.
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