Ethics for School Counselors
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the ethical standards and decision-making frameworks relevant to the practice of school counseling. Students will examine professional codes of ethics, legal considerations, and the complex dilemmas that may arise in schools related to confidentiality, informed consent, dual relationships, and cultural competence. Through case studies and practical application, future counselors will develop the critical thinking skills necessary to resolve ethical challenges while prioritizing the well-being and development of students in diverse educational settings.
Recommended Textbook
Ethics in Counseling and Therapy Developing an Ethical Identity 1st Edition by Rick A. Houser
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16 Chapters
638 Verified Questions
638 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Moral _________ concerns a person's having virtues or characteristics that contribute to moral behavior.
A) moral sensitivity
B) moral judgment
C) moral motivation
D) moral character
Answer: D
Q2) Rest's model include all but which of the following:
A) moral development
B) moral judgment
C) moral motivation
D) moral character
Answer: A
Q3) Ethics are founded in part on _________ and religious beliefs.
A) Social
B) Cultural
C) Educational
D) Pedagogic
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Professional Identity and Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual's social self-schema (i.e., the sum total of his or her social identities) is a unique knowledge structure in memory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The higher the value a person places on his or her moral identity, the ________are the values, attitudes, and behaviors that compose that identity.
A) more vague
B) more elusive
C) clearer
D) more ambiguous
Answer: C
Q3) Schemas are generally developed around specific scripts or views of roles and situations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Awareness and Sensitivity to Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) One hypothesis of the_____________ theory is "There exists, in the human organism, a drive to evaluate his opinions and his abilities".
A) social discord
B) cognitive dissonance
C) developmental
D) social comparison
Answer: D
Q2) Define "ethical sensitivity".
Answer: -Welfel and Kitchener (1992) noted that the first step in ethical action, "interpreting the situation as a moral one, involves the recognition that one's actions affect the welfare of another" (p. 179).
-Weaver, Morse, and Mitcham (2008) defined ethical sensitivity as "that which enables professionals to recognize, interpret and respond appropriately to concerns of those receiving professional services" (p. 607).
-Rest (1984) discussed ethical sensitivity in the following way: a person realizes that she/he could do something which would affect the interests, welfare, or expectations of other people.
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Chapter 4: Cognitions and Reasoninghermeneutics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of empowerment has been associated with ________ in counseling, and it has become more of a concern during the past 20 years
A) sympathy
B) competence
C) autonomy
D) empathy
Q2) It has been found that the most frequent complaints made to state licensing boards are about violations involving:
A) Dual relationships
B) Competence
C) Inappropriate record keeping
D) Breach of confidentiality
Q3) In the Houser et al. model, the interaction is between parts, for example, professional codes of ethics, and the ethical dilemma as well as the whole.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is multicultural competency and why is it important?
Q5) Give three examples of boundary issues.
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Chapter 5: Client Autonomy and Client Rights
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Sample Questions
Q1) This model may provide a clear understanding of counselor need for control and affiliation and the ethical issues connected to client autonomy and client rights:
A) SASB
B) BASS
C) SABS
D) ABSS
Q2) This is defined in terms of looking out for the welfare of others, showing kindness and charity.
A) autonomy
B) beneficence
C) justice
D) fidelity
Q3) What is fidelity and how does it relate to counseling?
Q4) _________________ of 1946 provided insight into the importance of providing informed consent prior to participating in medical procedures.
A) The Bavaria War Crimes Tribunal
B) The Franconia War Crimes Tribunal
C) The Pegnitz War Crimes Tribunal
D) The Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal
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Chapter 6: Dual Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Training setting relationships include the relationship between the teacher and student, the role each plays in the relationship. This is referred to as:
A) Shifts in professional roles
B) Personal and professional role conflicts
C) Circumstantial multiple roles
D) Structured multiple roles
Q2) When a counselor has two or more types of relationships with a client concurrently this is called:
A) a friendship
B) a dual relationship
C) an acquaintance
D) a companionship
Q3) Counselor boundaries that potentially affect ethical behaviors, in addition to physical boundaries, include all but what:
A) Social
B) Psychological
C) Financial
D) Empathic
Q4) Describe three types of touch that are appropriate for counseling.
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Chapter 7: Counselor Competence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Counselors who report good supervision indicate they have higher levels of counselor burnout/counselor fatigue syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a counselor experiences impairment, he or she needs to terminate treatment with clients until receiving his or her own treatment and recovering from any significant personal impairments.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Spruill et al. the selection of an intervention is closely linked to:
A) sympathy
B) competence
C) empathy
D) rapport
Q4) Counselor competence fits within the hermeneutic model of ethical decision making.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss self-reflection and why it is important in counseling.
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Chapter 8: Diversity and Multicultural Competence
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ are the fastest growing minority in the United States.
A) Latinos
B) Asians
C) Whites
D) Blacks
Q2) Diversity is defined as individual differences and group/social differences.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development has identified three competencies including all but which:
A) the skills necessary to provide culturally appropriate interventions to those who are culturally different
B) the ability to encourage a client to acquire the same worldview as the counselor
C) an awareness of the worldviews of clients
D) an awareness of a counselor's own worldviews and biases
Q4) Discuss multiculturalism and include its relationship to diversity.
Q5) Only phenotype-not genotype-differentiates humans.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Use of Technology and Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an EMR and what are the benefits of using it in counseling?
Q2) _______ is an ethical concern because so many client records are entered into online Databases.
A) Client attrition
B) Counselor burnout
C) Database space
D) Privacy
Q3) Some have defined the use of e-mail counseling as:
A) Technological counseling
B) Online letter writing
C) Electronic interactions
D) Electronic counseling
Q4) Compare and contrast the three methods of online counseling.
Q5) This method involves mostly e-mail formats, and was one of the earlier approaches to online counseling.
A) Skyping
B) Videoconferencing
C) Asynchronous
D) Synchronous
Q6) How can fear of flying be treated through virtual reality?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Supervision and Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tasks of the administrative supervisor include all but which:
A) Remediating employees
B) Ensuring agency policies are followed
C) Hiring and firing
D) The use of advanced counseling skills
Q2) One relevant ethical issue in counselor supervision is promoting the development of the counselor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Researchers have found that only 30% of supervisors received multicultural counseling training compared to 70% of supervisees.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Supervisors' values, beliefs, professional identity, and so forth influence the horizon of the ethical decision-making process.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast clinical and administrative supervisors.
Q6) Describe in detail the second phase of Ronnestad and Skovholt's model.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Ethical Use of Research in Counseling Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The second step in Mayer's EBP approach is:
A) evaluation of the study to determine its quality and use
B) careful review of the professional literature
C) assessment of how the study outcomes may be applied to the current issue.
D) identification of a question
Q2) This is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.
A) EBP
B) PBE
C) BPE
D) EPB
Q3) ____________lists a registry of evidence-based programs and practices addressing alcohol and substance abuse.
A) The American Counseling Association
B) The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
C) The Psychological Association
D) The American Mental Health Counselor Association
Q4) Rousseau and McCarthy (2007) offered several principles in using EBP. Name and describe three of these principles.
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Chapter 12: Professional Codes of Ethics and the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) This is commonly associated with the relationship between lawyers and clients, clergy and parishioners, and doctors and patients.
A) Confidentiality
B) Privileged communication
C) Secrecy
D) Privacy
Q2) Bodenhorn (2006) surveyed school counselors and found that more than_____% concluded the most difficult ethical issue concerns maintaining student confidentiality.
A) 90
B) 60
C) 40
D) 30
Q3) ______ was passed by Congress in 1996 with the initial intention of reducing health care costs.
A) HERPA
B) QUIPA
C) HIPPA
D) FERPA
Q4) Describe FERPA and discuss why it is important for counselors.
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Chapter 13: Western Theories of Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) This requires professionals to address inequities in access to their care and services.
A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) autonomy
Q2) Whereas nonmalevolence suggests that one must refrain from actions that do harm, __________ directs one to take active steps to promote the welfare of others.
A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) autonomy
Q3) The history of virtue ethics begins with the ancient _________philosophers.
A) Greek
B) Chinese
C) English
D) Asian
Q4) Give a brief overview of Feminist Ethics.
Q5) Give a brief overview of respect for persons ethics.
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Chapter 14: Eastern Theories of Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) This is best viewed as moral choices and actions that have objective results that are either positive or negative.
A) Li
B) Karma
C) Dharma
D) Nirvana
Q2) According to the Four Noble Truths, this Truth encourages us is to follow the middle way.
A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
Q3) According to the Four Noble Truths, this Truth addresses the causes of suffering and focuses on desire.
A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
Q4) What is Karma and how is it often misconstrued?
Q5) Give a brief overview of Confucianism.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Middle Eastern Ethical Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dorff (2000) noted the key foundation in Judaism and its ethics is a linkage between all but which:
A) friends
B) Individual
C) family
D) community
Q2) The term Islam is Arabic, meaning "submission to God," and it is supported by derivatives of earlier interpretations of the meaning of Islam including concepts of "peace"
A)True
B)False
Q3) There is a connection between Jewish ethical behavior and Judaic religious beliefs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Forbidden acts cause harm to others or oneself.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Give a brief history of Islam.
Q6) List and describe the five major classes of ethics according to Islam.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Native American, Hispaniclatino, and African Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Latin American typically includes those from countries that were influenced by Spain, including South American, Central American, and Caribbean countries.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Native American ethics, _______ is pursuing a balance between the four components of humans.
A) value of words
B) respect for others
C) serving others
D) moderation
Q3) The negative characteristics of machismo, it has been noted, are sexism, chauvinism, and hypermasculinity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the importance of respect for other people in Native American ethics.
Q5) Give a brief overview of African ethics.
Page 18
Q6) Describe industry, generosity, and moderation and their relation to African ethics.
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