Ethics and Critical Thinking Final Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Ethics and Critical Thinking introduces students to the fundamental concepts and frameworks of moral philosophy while developing essential analytical skills for evaluating arguments and viewpoints. Through the study of ethical theories, real-world dilemmas, and key issues in contemporary society, students learn to recognize ethical problems, reason systematically, and make well-supported decisions. The course emphasizes clear argumentation, identification of biases and fallacies, and the application of ethical principles to personal, professional, and social contexts. By engaging in discussions, case studies, and reflective exercises, students will enhance their ability to think critically and act responsibly in an increasingly complex world.
Recommended Textbook
Critical Thinking A Users Manual 1st Edition by
Debra Jackson
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Chapter 1: Recognizing Arguments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mark is the newest member of the requisitions department. The requisitions department oversees the purchasing of all goods, services, and capital equipment for the entire company.
A) Argument
B) Explanation
C) Neither an argument nor an explanation
Answer: C
Q2) Be wary of strangers on the Internet.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Answer: A
Q3) Mark was late to work today because he overslept.
A) Argument
B) Explanation
C) Neither an argument nor an explanation
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Analyzing Arguments
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Q1) "Healthy. Delicious. Drink Ovaltine!" Which of the following claims represents the implied conclusion of this argument?
A) Ovaltine is healthy.
B) Ovaltine is delicious.
C) You should drink Ovaltine.
D) None; this is not an argument.
Answer: C
Q2) "Many members of Congress oppose elements of the legislation, so the president's health care reform bill will not pass. Accordingly, the president will soon be revising his plan for health care reform." Which of the following issues represents the issue(s) of this argument?
A) Whether many members of Congress oppose elements of the president's health care reform bill.
B) Whether the president's health care reform bill will pass.
C) Whether the president will soon be revising his plan for health care reform.
D) Both B and C.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Diagramming Arguments
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Q1) Gasoline prices will most likely continue to rise throughout the next decade. As a result, the US government ought to encourage drivers to move to electric vehicles, and it also need to encourage auto companies to phase out gasoline powered automobiles.
Answer: This passage contains an argument. The issue is whether the US government ought to encourage drivers to move to electric vehicles. The conclusion is that the US government ought to encourage drivers to move to electric vehicles. The premise is that gasoline prices will most likely continue to rise throughout the next decade. This passage contains another argument. The other issue is whether the US government needs to encourage auto companies to phase out gasoline powered automobiles. The conclusion is that the US government needs to encourage auto companies to phase out gasoline powered automobiles. The premise is that gasoline prices will most likely continue to rise throughout the next decade.
1. Gasoline prices will most likely continue to rise throughout the next decade. As a result, 2. the US government ought to encourage drivers to move to electric vehicles, and 3. it also need to encourage auto companies to phase out gasoline powered automobiles. 11ed2f3d_5a0d_fd71_9f96_3b331355fec0_TB4256_11
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Chapter 4: Detecting Fallacies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cell phones will probably replace the traditional phones throughout the world for they allow for access anywhere, not just at home. As a consequence, you would be wise to begin investing in cell phone manufacturers. At least, that's my advice.
Q2) Some employers argue that they have the right to monitor employee internet use. I completely disagree. Most of us work at least part of the week from home, and we can't be expected to maintain a rigid distinction between using the internet for work and using for recreation.
A) begging the question
B) appeal to ignorance
C) appeal to illegitimate authority
D) ad hominem
E) strawman
F) red herring
G) no fallacy committed
Q3) The CEO of the new green energy firm that recently moved into town gave a talk at the Town Hall meeting where he argued that building green will actually save the city money in the long run. Yet, this can't be true. After all, he's just going to say what is in his company's best interest, isn't he?
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Chapter 5: Preparing to Evaluate Arguments
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Q1) The best policy if you experience any of the above problems (e.g., aggression toward humans, persistent destructive behavior) is to consult a qualified trainer or veterinarian for evaluation of your individual situation. -Monks of New Skete, How to be Your Dog's Best Friend
Q2) Using a lemon when cooking is like using a lime. Given that limes can be added to bland foods to give them some zest, lemons, too, will give zest to bland foods.
A) categorical argument
B) truth-functional argument
C) analogical argument
D) inductive generalization
E) causal argument
Q3) Since all Ford Mustangs are automobiles, and not all Ford Mustangs are red, some automobiles are not red.
A) categorical argument
B) truth-functional argument
C) analogical argument
D) inductive generalization
E) causal argument
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Chapter 6: Evaluating Categorical Arguments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some sports cars are red.
Q2) Not every six-year old knows how to tie his or her shoes.
Q3) Some sweet potatoes are roots since a few sweet potatoes are tubers.
Q4) If you want to be a nursing major, then you must take an anatomy class.
Q5) Shakira is a singer.
Q6) The only path to success is through hard work.
Q7) It is obvious that Proactiv Solution acne treatment system is the best product on the market for achieving clear, blemish-free skin. After all, Kelly Clarkson, famous singer-songwriter and winner of the 2002 American Idol, says so.
Q8) If you don't register, then you can't vote.
Q9) Whenever the phone rings the dog barks.
Q10) Not everyone who's tall plays basketball. This is because soccer players are tall, and not every soccer player is a basketball player.
Q11) The bill should be paid by whoever bought the item.
Q12) Because Felicia is musical, she will be good at mathematics.
Q13) All S are M.
No P are M.
All S are P. Page 8
Q14) Denzel is an Academy Award winner, and all Academy Award winners are comedians.
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Chapter 7: Evaluating Truth-Functional Arguments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small scale agriculture will be profitable and growers will get subsidies, only if demand for local food does not decrease.
A) ~ [D \(\sqsupset\) (P S)]
B) (P S) \(\sqsupset\) ~ D
C) ~ D \(\sqsupset\) (P S)
D) P (S \(\sqsupset\) ~ D)
Q2) You can enter the chess tournament if you are ranked.
A) R \(\lor\) C
B) C \(\lor\) R
C) C \(\sqsupset\) R
D) R \(\sqsupset\) C
Q3) \( \begin{array}{l}A \cdot B \\ \sim \underline{B} \\ \therefore \sim A\end{array} \)
Q4) It is not the case that Ese speaks Urdu and French.
A) ~ U ~ F
B) ~ (U F)
C) ~ (U \(\lor\) F)
D) ~ U F
Q5) How can you accuse the police chief of bias since he has never treated someone unfairly?
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Chapter 8: Evaluating Analogical Arguments
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Q1) The Crescent City School District has seen improved overall standardized test scores for Middle School students each year for the past five years. We thus have reason to believe, given the similarities between the Crescent City School District and the Windy City School District, that scores have improved in the Windy City School District as well.
Q2) Which analogical argument is stronger?
A) Grease, oil, road tar, and paint thinner are all flammable. Thus paint thinner is a refined product since grease, oil, and road tar are refined products.
B) Grease, oil, and paint thinner are all flammable. Thus paint thinner is a refined product since grease and oil are refined products.
Q3) Both North Dakota and South Dakota see a lot of snow in the winter. Since there are a lot of ski clubs in North Dakota, there are probably a lot of ski clubs in South Dakota, too.
Q4) Portugal is a lot like Spain. Since the decriminalization of drugs in Portugal has resulted in a decline of drug use among youth, the decriminalization of drugs in Spain will also decrease drug use among youth.
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Chapter 9: Evaluating Inductive Generalizations
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Q1) It's clear that college students text a lot. While walking across campus today I noticed five students texting.
Q2) Which inductive generalization is stronger?
A) Our university's women's basketball team has won its last three games. Thus, it seems obvious that the team will repeat as champions this year.
B) Our university's women's basketball team has won its last six games. Thus, it seems obvious that the team will repeat as champions this year.
Q3) The food at Albertson's is really expensive. Yesterday my husband bought a small pack of pork chops and three baking potatoes, and it came to almost ten dollars.
Q4) I tend to live in the past because most of my life is there.-Herb Caen
Q5) University of Connecticut students overwhelmingly favor an 8.67 percent tuition hike recommended by President Michael Hogan. Student body President Meredith L. Zaritheny sent out the student survey to all undergraduates. Zaritheny said she was taken aback by the strong response to the survey. She said she got 18,855 responses, with 92 percent in favor of the 8.67 percent increase."-The Hartford Courant
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Chapter 10: Evaluating Causal Arguments
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Q1) A study at UCLA suggests that searching online could be beneficial for the brain of older adults. The researchers studied 24 people between the ages of 55-78. The participants were divided into two groups: one that had minimal computer experience and another that was Web savvy. Members of the technologically advanced group had more than twice the neural activation than their less experienced counterparts while searching online. The only difference between the two groups was their technological experience. Thus, since online searching improved neural activity in the participants of this study, it is likely that online searching will improve neural activity for all older adults.-cnn.com
Q2) Three of the students in the residence hall had severe headaches last evening. The cause of the headaches must have been breathing paint fumes, since the only thing they had in common was that each of their rooms had been painted during the day.
Q3) The peer educator program has been quite effective in reducing the rate of teen pregnancy in two Illinois high schools. This conclusion follows from the fact that the rate of teen pregnancy has fallen in both schools, and both have new peer educator programs.
Q4) Painting the Golden Gate Bridge is an ongoing job because the salt air from the ocean rusts and corrodes the steel components.-goldengatebridge.org
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