Ethical Decision Making in Business Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Ethical Decision Making in Business explores the fundamental principles and frameworks for recognizing and addressing ethical dilemmas in a corporate environment. The course examines the roles of individual values, organizational culture, and societal expectations in shaping ethical behavior. Through case studies, real-world scenarios, and interactive discussions, students learn to apply ethical reasoning models, assess the impact of decisions on stakeholders, and develop responsible solutions to complex business challenges. Emphasis is placed on fostering integrity, transparency, and accountability in decision-making processes, preparing participants to lead ethically in diverse professional settings.
Recommended Textbook
Moral Issues in Business 13th Edition by William
H. Shaw
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11 Chapters
701 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: The Nature of Morality
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Q1) Most people don't distinguish between a person's "morals" and his or her "ethics."
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q2) An argument is a group of statements, one of which is claimed to follow from the others.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) In theory and practice, law codifies customs, ideals, beliefs, and a society's moral values.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) One of the major characteristics of an organization is the shared acceptance of organizational rules by its members.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Normative Theories of Ethics
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Q1) "If you want to go to law school, then you must take the LSAT exam." This statement is an example of
A) the transcendental imperative.
B) the categorical imperative.
C) a hypothetical imperative.
D) irrational behavior.
Answer: C
Q2) When a utilitarian like Jeremy Bentham advocates "the greatest happiness for the greatest number," we must consider unhappiness or pain as well as happiness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A practical basis for discussing moral issues involves taking account of A) effects, ideals, and obligations.
B) effort, duties, and organization.
C) compassion, intellect, and patience.
D) compliance, contribution, and consequences.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Justice and Economic Distribution
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Q1) Define "Lockean rights" in your own words.
Answer: Lockean rights refer to a set of natural rights that the philosopher John Locke argued every individual inherently possesses simply by virtue of being human. These rights are based on the principles of life, liberty, and property. According to Locke, these rights are inalienable and must be protected by the government. The right to life means that individuals have the fundamental right to survival and safety. The right to liberty suggests that individuals should be free to make their own choices and pursue their own happiness, as long as they do not infringe on the rights of others. The right to property signifies that individuals have the right to own and control possessions, which they have acquired through their own labor or through voluntary exchanges. Locke's ideas were highly influential in the development of modern political philosophy and were integral to the formation of liberal democratic thought, particularly in the framing of the United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence.
Q2) Utilitarians are likely to be sympathetic to the argument that steps should be taken to reduce the great disparities of income that characterize our society.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Nature of Capitalism
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Q1) According to Marx, the best economic system would be one where the means of production and distribution are in the hands of the bourgeoisie.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following historical stages of capitalism came first?
A) financial
B) mercantile
C) industrial
D) state welfare
Q3) Socialism is an economic system characterized by public ownership of property and a planned economy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A basic tenet of capitalism is that
A) property refers only to physical objects.
B) ownership is a simple relationship between a person and the thing owned.
C) capitalism requires private ownership of the major means of production.
D) in the 21st century, capitalism no longer requires capital.
Q5) What reason is there for thinking that American manufacturing is declining?
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Chapter 5: Corporations
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Q1) Corporations should welcome the outside opinions of society as a whole, local communities, customers, suppliers, employees, managers, and stockholders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most business observers agree with Berle and Means that, because stock ownership in large corporations is so dispersed, actual control of the corporation has passed to management.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The narrow view of corporate social responsibility argues companies must make money within the "rules of the game" which rules out all of the following except for:
A) deception.
B) harm.
C) force.
D) fraud.
Q4) Describe the ethical challenges that Yahoo faces in the China market.
Q5) What is the problem of "vanishing individual responsibility"?
Q6) Briefly sketch the evolution of corporations.
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Chapter 6: Consumers
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Q1) Defend the position that advertising manipulates human needs and can create artificial ones.
Q2) The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was established over seventy-five years ago to protect consumers against deceptive advertising.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Give an example of labeling or packaging that is deceptive or misleading.
Q4) According to the legal doctrine of strict product liability,
A) the producer of a product is responsible for any injury the consumer suffers.
B) consumers must assume all risk whenever they buy a product.
C) product liability presupposes negligence by more than one party.
D) a manufacturer need not be negligent to be held liable for a defective product.
Q5) The media with the greatest advertising influence over children is A) radio.
B) television.
C) Internet.
D) magazines.
Q6) What is the argument for strict products liability?
Q7) What is the doctrine of caveat emptor?
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Chapter 7: The Environment
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Q1) Thanks to the EPA, the federal government long ago eliminated the problem of potentially harmful pesticides and other chemical residues in food.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Holmes Rolston III,
A) naturalistic ethics ought to be abandoned.
B) some natural objects are morally considerable in their own right, apart from human interests.
C) all moral rights are derived from the interests of human beings.
D) nature has no value apart from human beings.
Q3) The word "ecology" refers to the science of the interrelationships among organisms and their environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the meaning of "ecology"?
Q5) Are there any differences between environment ethics for humans and animals? If so, describe them.
Q6) Explain a cost-benefit analysis, and how it is relevant to environmental issues.
Q7) What's a "free rider"?
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Chapter 8: The Workplace Basic Issues
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Q1) A workplace environment in which employees are treated fairly and their inherent dignity respected is compatible with a firm's business goals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the interview process, the interview should avoid rudeness, coarseness, condescension, and A) giddiness. B) hostility. C) sternness.
D) questions.
Q3) Sometimes the screening process unfairly excludes certain applicants. Give some examples.
Q4) Due process requires specific and systematic means for workers to appeal discharge or disciplinary decisions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Groups of skilled artisans in the eighteenth century formed secret societies for two basic reasons. What are these two reasons?
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Chapter 9: The Workplace Todays Challenges
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Q1) What is the Hawthorne Effect?
Q2) Parental leave and flexible work arrangements always hurt the bottom line, however much they may benefit parents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As a general rule, the burden is on an organization to establish the legitimacy of infringing on what would normally be considered the personal sphere of the individual.
A)True
B)False
Q4) "Safety in the workplace is good business." Justify this statement with information from this chapter.
Q5) Any drug-testing program, assuming it is warranted, must be careful to respect the dignity and rights of the persons to be tested.
A)True
B)False
Q6) OSHA requires safeguards whether or not they are "feasible."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Moral Choices Facing Employees
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Q1) The authors make the case that the FCPA illegitimately imposes parochial American standards on foreign countries.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When faced with a moral decision, employees should follow the two-step procedure of identifying the relevant obligations, ideals, and effects, and then deciding where the emphasis should lie among these considerations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Employees have certain general duties to their employers, and because of the specific business, professional, or organizational responsibilities they have assumed, they may have other more precise role-based obligations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) By definition, whistle-blowing can only be done by a past or present member of the organization.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Job Discrimination
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Q1) Explain specific steps to protect your workplace from the liability of sexual harassment by supervisors.
Q2) Experts distinguish two types of sexual harassment. "Hostile work environment" is one of them.
A)True B)False
Q3) Opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their position?
A) Most women want a rigid schedule.
B) Most women want the most challenging job.
C) Most women have chosen the higher paying occupations.
D) Most women have freely chosen the lower paying occupations.
Q4) What is the Supreme Court's current view of affirmative action (as evidenced by the Michigan cases Gratz and Grutter)?
Q5) The Supreme Court, in its 1978 ruling in the case of Bakke v. Regents of the University of California, upheld the University's right to reserve entrance places in its medical school for minorities.
A)True B)False
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