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Essentials of Pediatric Nursing introduces students to the fundamental concepts and practices involved in caring for infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings. The course covers growth and development milestones, common pediatric illnesses, family-centered care, patient assessment techniques, and therapeutic communication skills. Emphasis is placed on safe medication administration, health promotion, disease prevention, and the psychosocial needs of children and their families. Through a blend of theoretical learning and practical applications, students gain the knowledge and skills necessary to support the health and well-being of pediatric patients across the continuum of care.
Recommended Textbook
Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 10th Edition by Hockenberry
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30 Chapters
1126 Verified Questions
1126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which factor most impacts the type of injury a child is susceptible to, according to the child's age?
A) Physical health of the child
B) Developmental level of the child
C) Educational level of the child
D) Number of responsible adults in the home
Answer: B
Q2) A nurse is admitting a toddler to the hospital. The toddler is with both parents and is currently sitting comfortably on a parent's lap. The parents state they will need to leave for a brief period. Which type of nursing diagnosis should the nurse formulate for this child?
A) Risk for anxiety
B) Anxiety
C) Readiness for enhanced coping
D) Ineffective coping
Answer: A
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Q1) A 3-year-old girl was adopted immediately after birth. The parents have just asked the nurse how they should tell the child that she is adopted. Which guidelines concerning adoption should the nurse use in planning a response?
A) Telling the child is an important aspect of their parental responsibilities.
B) The best time to tell the child is between ages 7 and 10 years.
C) It is not necessary to tell the child who was adopted so young.
D) It is best to wait until the child asks about it.
Answer: A
Q2) A parent of a school-age child is going through a divorce. The parent tells the school nurse the child has not been doing well in school and sometimes has trouble sleeping. The nurse should recognize this as which implication?
A) Indication of maladjustment
B) Common reaction to divorce
C) Lack of adequate parenting
D) Unusual response that indicates need for referral
Answer: B
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Q1) A 13-year-old girl asks the nurse how much taller she will get. She has been growing about 2 inches per year but grew 4 inches this past year. Menarche recently occurred. The nurse should base her response on which statement?
A) Growth cannot be predicted.
B) Pubertal growth spurt lasts about 1 year.
C) Mature height is achieved when menarche occurs.
D) Approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs.
Answer: D
Q2) In which type of play are children engaged in similar or identical activity, without organization, division of labor, or mutual goal?
A) Solitary
B) Parallel
C) Associative
D) Cooperative
Answer: C
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
A) Normal finding
B) Abnormal finding, so child needs referral to ophthalmologist
C) Sign of possible visual defect, so child needs vision screening
D) Sign of small hemorrhages, which will usually resolve spontaneously
Q2) A nurse is assessing a child with an unrepaired ventricular septal defect. Which heart sound does the nurse expect to assess?
A) S3
B) S4
C) Murmur
D) Physiologic splitting
Q3) The nurse is testing an infant's visual acuity. By what age should the infant be able to fix on and follow a target?
A) 1 month
B) 1 to 2 months
C) 3 to 4 months
D) 6 months
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Q1) Nonpharmacologic strategies for pain management:
A) may reduce pain perception.
B) make pharmacologic strategies unnecessary.
C) usually take too long to implement.
D) trick children into believing they do not have pain.
Q2) Which dietary recommendations should a nurse make to an adolescent patient to manage constipation related to opioid analgesic administration? (Select all that apply.)
A) Bran cereal
B) Decrease fluid intake
C) Prune juice
D) Cheese
E) Vegetables
Q3) A lumbar puncture is needed on a school-age child. What should the nurse apply to provide the most appropriate analgesia during this procedure?
A) TAC (tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine) 15 minutes
B) Transdermal fentanyl (Duragesic) patch immediately
C) EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) 1 hour
D) EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) 30 minutes
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Q1) Which bite causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
A) Flea
B) Tick
C) Mosquito
D) Mouse or rat
Q2) The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child with impetigo contagiosa. The parents ask the nurse what will happen to their child's skin after the infection has subsided and healed. Which answer should the nurse give?
A) There will be no scarring.
B) There may be some pigmented spots.
C) It is likely there will be some slightly depressed scars.
D) There will be some atrophic white scars.
Q3) Which term best describes the identification of the distribution and causes of disease, injury, or illness?
A) Nursing process
B) Epidemiologic process
C) Community-based statistics
D) Mortality and morbidity statistics
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Q1) What should nursing interventions to maintain a patent airway in a newborn include?
A) Sleeping in the prone (on abdomen) position
B) Wrapping neonate as snugly as possible
C) Positioning neonate supine while sleeping
D) Using bulb syringe to suction as needed, suctioning nose first, and then pharynx
Q2) Where would nonpathologic cyanosis normally be present in the newborn shortly after birth?
A) Feet and hands
B) Bridge of nose
C) Circumoral area
D) Mucous membranes
Q3) A nurse is palpating a newborn's fontanels. The nurse documents the anterior fontanel is which shape?
A) Circle
B) Triangle
C) Square
D) Diamond
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Q1) What is the Guthrie blood test use to diagnose in the newborn?
A) Down syndrome
B) Isoimmunization
C) PKU
D) Congenital hypothyroidism (CH)
Q2) What causes meconium aspiration syndrome?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Carbon dioxide retention
C) Bowel obstruction with meconium
D) Aspiration of meconium in utero or at birth
Q3) The nurse is caring for a very low birth weight (VLBW) newborn with a peripheral intravenous infusion. Which statement describes nursing considerations regarding infiltration?
A) Infiltration occurs infrequently because VLBW newborns are inactive.
B) Continuous infusion pumps stop automatically when infiltration occurs.
C) Hypertonic solutions can cause severe tissue damage if infiltration occurs.
D) Infusion site should be checked for infiltration at least once per 8-hour shift.
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Q1) By which age should the nurse expect an infant to be able to pull to a standing position?
A) 6 months
B) 8 months
C) 11 to 12 months
D) 14 to 15 months
Q2) At what age can most infants sit steadily unsupported?
A) 4 months
B) 6 months
C) 8 months
D) 10 months
Q3) The nurse is guiding parents in selecting a daycare facility for their infant. Which is especially important to consider when making the selection?
A) Health practices of facility
B) Structured learning environment
C) Socioeconomic status of children
D) Cultural similarities of children
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Q1) Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is diagnosed in a 6-month-old infant. Which should the nurse recommend as a substitute formula?
A) Nutramigen
B) Goat's milk
C) Similac
D) Enfamil
Q2) A nurse is preparing to accompany a medical mission's team to a third world country. Marasmus is seen frequently in children 6 months to 2 years in this country. Which symptoms should the nurse expect for this condition?
A) Loose, wrinkled skin
B) Edematous skin
C) Depigmentation of the skin
D) Dermatoses
Q3) What should the nurse suggest to the parents of an infant who has a prolonged need for middle-of-the-night feedings?
A) Decrease daytime feedings.
B) Allow child to go to sleep with a bottle.
C) Offer last feeding as late as possible at night.
D) Put infant to bed after asleep from rocking.
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Q1) The parents of a newborn say that their toddler "hates the baby; he suggested that we put him in the trash can so the trash truck could take him away." Which is the nurse's best reply?
A) "Let's see if we can figure out why he hates the new baby."
B) "That's a strong statement to come from such a small boy."
C) "Let's refer him to counseling to work this hatred out. It's not a normal response."
D) "That is a normal response to the birth of a sibling. Let's look at ways to deal with this."
Q2) At what age should the nurse expect a child to give both first and last names when asked?
A) 15 months
B) 18 months
C) 24 months
D) 30 months
Q3) What is the most fatal type of burn in the toddler age group?
A) Flame burn from playing with matches
B) Scald burn from high-temperature tap water
C) Hot object burn from cigarettes or irons
D) Electric burn from electric outlets
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Q1) Parents tell the nurse that they found their 3-year-old daughter and a male cousin of the same age inspecting each other closely as they used the bathroom. Which is the most appropriate recommendation the nurse should make?
A) Punish children so this behavior stops.
B) Neither condone nor condemn the curiosity.
C) Allow children unrestricted permission to satisfy this curiosity.
D) Get counseling for this unusual and dangerous behavior.
Q2) A nurse is teaching parents about language development for preschool children. Which dysfunctional speech pattern is a normal characteristic the parents might expect?
A) Lisp
B) Stammering
C) Echolalia
D) Repetition without meaning
Q3) Which should the nurse expect of a healthy 3-year-old child?
A) Jump rope
B) Ride a two-wheel bicycle
C) Skip on alternate feet
D) Balance on one foot for a few seconds
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Q1) A nurse is beginning chelation therapy on a child for lead poisoning. Which intervention should the nurse implement during the time the child is receiving chelation therapy?
A) Calorie counts
B) Strict intake and output
C) Telemetry monitoring
D) Contact isolation
Q2) Place in order the correct sequence for emergency treatment of poisoning in a child. Provide answer using lowercase letters separated by commas (e.g., a, b, c, d).
A) Locate the poison.
B) Assess the child.
C) Prevent absorption of poison.
D) Terminate exposure to the toxic substance.
Q3) Which is the most frequent source of acute childhood lead poisoning?
A) Folk remedies
B) Unglazed pottery
C) Lead-based paint
D) Cigarette butts and ashes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is planning care for a 7-year-old child hospitalized with osteomyelitis. Which activities should the nurse plan to bring from the playroom for the child? (Select all that apply.)
A) Paper and some paints
B) Board games
C) Jack-in-the-box
D) Stuffed animals
E) Computer games
Q2) The nurse is teaching a group of 10- to 12-year-old children about physical development during the school-age years. Which statement made by a participant, indicates the correct understanding of the teaching?
A) "My body weight will be almost triple in the next few years."
B) "I will grow an average of 2 inches per year from this point on."
C) "There are not that many physical differences among school-age children."
D) "I will have a gradual increase in fat, which may contribute to a heavier appearance."
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Sample Questions
Q1) The estimated average requirement of calcium for an adolescent is _____ milligrams. (Record your answer in a whole number.)
Q2) A 14-year-old male mentions that he now has to use deodorant but never had to before. The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that which occurs during puberty?
A) Eccrine sweat glands in the axillae become fully functional during puberty.
B) Sebaceous glands become extremely active during puberty.
C) New deposits of fatty tissue insulate the body and cause increased sweat production.
D) Apocrine sweat glands reach secretory capacity during puberty.
Q3) The nurse should teach the adolescent that the long-term effects of tanning can cause which conditions? (Select all that apply.)
A) Phototoxic reactions
B) Increased number of moles
C) Premature aging
D) Striae
E) Increased risk of skin cancer
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Q1) A mother calls the school nurse saying that her daughter has developed a school phobia. She has been out of school 3 days. The nurse's recommendations should include which intervention?
A) Immediately return the child to school.
B) Explain to the child that this is the last day she can stay home.
C) Determine the cause of phobia before returning the child to school.
D) Seek professional counseling before forcing the child to return to school.
Q2) When is isotretinoin (Accutane) indicated for the treatment of acne during adolescence?
A) The acne has not responded to other treatments.
B) The adolescent is or may become pregnant.
C) The adolescent is unable to give up foods causing acne.
D) Frequent washing with antibacterial soap has been unsuccessful.
Q3) Which symptoms should the nurse expect to observe during the physical assessment of an adolescent girl with severe weight loss and disrupted metabolism associated with anorexia nervosa?
A) Dysmenorrhea and oliguria
B) Tachycardia and tachypnea
C) Heat intolerance and increased blood pressure
D) Lowered body temperature and brittle nails
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Q1) Families progress through various stages of reactions when a child is diagnosed with a chronic illness or disability. After the shock phase, a period of adjustment usually follows. This is often characterized by which of the following responses?
A) Denial
B) Guilt and anger
C) Social reintegration
D) Acceptance of the child's limitations
Q2) At what age do most children have an adult concept of death as being inevitable, universal, and irreversible?
A) 4 to 5 years
B) 6 to 8 years
C) 9 to 11 years
D) 12 to 16 years
Q3) Which is an appropriate nursing intervention when providing comfort and support for a child when death is imminent?
A) Limit care to essentials.
B) Avoid playing music near the child.
C) Explain to the child the need for constant measurement of vital signs.
D) Whisper to the child instead of using a normal voice.
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Q1) A school nurse is performing hearing screening on school children. The nurse recognizes that distortion of sound and problems in discrimination are characteristic of which type of hearing loss?
A) Conductive
B) Sensorineural
C) Mixed conductive-sensorineural
D) Central auditory imperceptive
Q2) The school nurse is caring for a child with a penetrating eye injury. Emergency treatment includes which intervention?
A) Apply a regular eye patch.
B) Apply a Fox shield to affected eye and any type of patch to the other eye.
C) Apply ice until the physician is seen.
D) Irrigate eye copiously with a sterile saline solution.
Q3) A child has just been diagnosed with fragile X syndrome. What is fragile X syndrome?
A) A chromosomal defect affecting females only
B) A chromosomal defect that follows the pattern of X-linked recessive disorders
C) The second most common genetic cause of cognitive impairment
D) The most common cause of noninherited cognitive impairment
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Q1) Latasha, age 8 years, is being admitted to the hospital from the emergency department with an injury from falling off her bicycle. Which will help her most in her adjustment to the hospital?
A) Explain hospital schedules to her, such as mealtimes.
B) Use terms such as "honey" and "dear" to show a caring attitude.
C) Explain when parents can visit and why siblings cannot come to see her.
D) Orient her parents, because she is young, to her room and hospital facility.
Q2) A nurse is interviewing the parents of a toddler about use of complementary or alternative medical practices. The parents share several practices they use in their household. Which should the nurse document as complementary or alternative medical practices? (Select all that apply.)
A) Use of acetaminophen (Tylenol) for fever
B) Administration of chamomile tea at bedtime
C) Hypnotherapy for relief of pain
D) Acupressure to relieve headaches
E) Cool mist vaporizer at the bedside for "stuffiness"
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Q1) Several types of long-term central venous access devices are used. Which is considered an advantage of a Hickman-Broviac catheter?
A) No need to keep exit site dry
B) Easy to use for self-administered infusions
C) Heparinized only monthly and after each infusion
D) No limitations on regular physical activity, including swimming
Q2) A nurse is caring for a child in droplet precautions. Which instructions should the nurse give to the unlicensed assistive personnel caring for this child? (Select all that apply.)
A) Wear gloves when entering the room.
B) Wear an isolation gown when entering the room.
C) Place the child in a special air handling and ventilation room.
D) A mask should be worn only when holding the child.
E) Wash your hands upon exiting the room.
Q3) A physician's prescription reads, "ampicillin sodium 125 mg IV every 6 hours." The medication label reads, "1 g = 7.4 ml." A nurse prepares to draw up _____ milliliters to administer one dose. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
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Q1) A child is admitted to the hospital with asthma. Which assessment findings support this diagnosis?
A) Nonproductive cough, wheezing
B) Fever, general malaise
C) Productive cough, rales
D) Stridor, substernal retractions
Q2) The nurse is caring for a child with carbon monoxide poisoning associated with smoke inhalation. Which is essential in this child's care?
A) Monitor pulse oximetry.
B) Monitor arterial blood gases.
C) Administer oxygen if respiratory distress develops.
D) Administer oxygen if child's lips become bright, cherry red.
Q3) The parent of an infant with nasopharyngitis should be instructed to notify the health professional if the infant displays which clinical manifestation?
A) Fussiness
B) Coughing
C) A fever over 99° F
D) Signs of an earache
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Q1) Enemas are ordered to empty the bowel preoperatively for a child with Hirschsprung disease. What enema solution should be used?
A) Tap water
B) Normal saline
C) Oil retention
D) Phosphate preparation
Q2) A child who has just had definitive repair of a high rectal malformation is to be discharged. Which should the nurse address in the discharge preparation of this family? (Select all that apply.)
A) Perineal and wound care
B) Necessity of firm stools to keep suture line clean
C) Bowel training beginning as soon as child returns home
D) Reporting any changes in stooling patterns to practitioner
E) Use of diet modification to prevent constipation
Q3) Which is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?
A) Shigella organisms
B) Salmonella organisms
C) Giardia lamblia
D) Escherichia coli
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Q1) Which occurs in septic shock?
A) Hypothermia
B) Increased cardiac output
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Angioneurotic edema
Q2) Which is the highest acceptable mg/dl level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol for a child from a family with heart disease? (Record your answer in a whole number.)
Q3) The nurse is teaching parents about signs of digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity. Which is a common sign of digoxin toxicity?
A) Seizures
B) Vomiting
C) Bradypnea
D) Tachycardia
Q4) Which is the leading cause of death after heart transplantation?
A) Infection
B) Rejection
C) Cardiomyopathy
D) Heart failure
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Q1) A young child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is receiving several antiretroviral drugs. What is the purpose of these drugs?
A) Cure the disease
B) Delay disease progression
C) Prevent spread of disease
D) Treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Q2) An 8-year-old girl is receiving a blood transfusion when the nurse notes that she has developed precordial pain, dyspnea, distended neck veins, slight cyanosis, and a dry cough. Of what are these manifestations most suggestive?
A) Air emboli
B) Allergic reaction
C) Hemolytic reaction
D) Circulatory overload
Q3) The nurse is planning care for an adolescent with AIDS. Which is the priority nursing goal?
A) Preventing infection
B) Preventing secondary cancers
C) Restoring immunologic defenses
D) Identifying source of infection

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Q1) Which is the most effective pain-management approach for a child who is having a bone marrow aspiration?
A) Relaxation techniques
B) Administration of an opioid
C) EMLA cream applied over site
D) Conscious or unconscious sedation
Q2) The nurse is teaching nursing students about childhood nervous system tumors. Which best describes a neuroblastoma?
A) Diagnosis is usually made after metastasis occurs.
B) Early diagnosis is usually possible because of the obvious clinical manifestations.
C) It is the most common brain tumor in young children.
D) It is the most common benign tumor in young children.
Q3) A boy with leukemia screams whenever he needs to be turned or moved. Which is the most probable cause of this pain?
A) Edema
B) Bone involvement
C) Petechial hemorrhages
D) Changes within the muscles
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Q1) The nurse is teaching the parent about the diet of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?
A) "You will need to decrease the number of calories in your child's diet."
B) "Your child's diet will need an increased amount of protein."
C) "You will need to avoid adding salt to your child's food."
D) "Your child's diet will consist of low-fat, low-carbohydrate foods."
Q2) Which is instituted for the therapeutic management of minimal change nephrotic syndrome?
A) Corticosteroids
B) Antihypertensive agents
C) Long-term diuretics
D) Increased fluids to promote diuresis
Q3) Which should the nurse recommend to prevent urinary tract infections in young girls?
A) Wear cotton underpants.
B) Limit bathing as much as possible.
C) Increase fluids; decrease salt intake.
D) Cleanse perineum with water after voiding.
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Q1) A 5-year-old girl sustained a concussion when she fell out of a tree. In preparation for discharge, the nurse is discussing home care with her mother. Which statement made by the mother indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
A) "I should expect my child to have a few episodes of vomiting."
B) "If I notice sleep disturbances, I should contact the physician immediately."
C) "I should expect my child to have some behavioral changes after the accident."
D) "If I notice diplopia, I will have my child rest for 1 hour."
Q2) Children taking phenobarbital (phenobarbital sodium) and/or phenytoin (Dilantin) may experience a deficiency of:
A) calcium.
B) vitamin C.
C) fat-soluble vitamins.
D) vitamin D and folic acid.
Q3) Which of the following types of seizures may be difficult to detect?
A) Absence
B) Generalized
C) Simple partial
D) Complex partial
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Q1) Nursing care of a child diagnosed with a syndrome of inappropriate ADH should include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A) Weigh daily
B) Encourage fluids
C) Turn frequently
D) Maintain nothing by mouth (NPO)
E) Restrict fluids
Q2) A neonate born with ambiguous genitalia is diagnosed with congenital adrenogenital hyperplasia. What does therapeutic management include?
A) Administration of vitamin D
B) Administration of cortisone
C) Administration of stool softeners
D) Administration of calcium carbonate
Q3) A nasal spray of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to treat which disorder?
A) Hypopituitarism
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Acute adrenocortical insufficiency
D) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
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Q1) Which type of traction uses skin traction on the lower leg and a padded sling under the knee?
A) Dunlop
B) Bryant
C) Russell
D) Buck extension
Q2) A nurse is conducting discharge teaching for parents of an infant with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Further teaching is indicated if the parents make which statement?
A) "We will be very careful handling the baby."
B) "We will lift the baby by the buttocks when diapering."
C) "We're glad there is a cure for this disorder."
D) "We will schedule follow-up appointments as instructed."
Q3) Which should cause a nurse to suspect that an infection has developed under a cast?
A) Complaint of paresthesia
B) Cold toes
C) Increased respirations
D) "Hot spots" felt on cast surface
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 14-year-old girl is in the intensive care unit after a spinal cord injury 2 days ago. Nursing care for this child includes which action(s)? (Select all that apply.)
A) Monitoring and maintaining systemic blood pressure
B) Administering corticosteroids
C) Minimizing environmental stimuli
D) Discussing long-term care issues with the family
E) Monitoring for respiratory complications
Q2) The nurse is talking to a parent with a child who has a latex allergy. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
A) "My child will have an allergic reaction if he comes in contact with yeast products."
B) "My child may have an upset stomach if he eats a food made with wheat or barley."
C) "My child will probably develop an allergy to peanuts."
D) "My child should not eat bananas or kiwis."
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