Essentials of Nursing Assessment Exam Preparation Guide - 634 Verified Questions

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Essentials of Nursing Assessment Exam Preparation

Guide

Course Introduction

Essentials of Nursing Assessment introduces students to the fundamental skills and concepts necessary for effective patient evaluation in various healthcare settings. The course covers comprehensive physical, psychological, social, and cultural assessments, emphasizing systematic data collection and critical thinking to identify patient needs and health problems. Students learn to perform accurate health histories, conduct thorough head-to-toe examinations, and utilize assessment tools to gather and interpret clinical data. Integrating communication techniques and ethical considerations, this course prepares nursing students to develop individualized care plans and communicate findings within the healthcare team to ensure high-quality patient care.

Recommended Textbook Health Assessment for Nursing Practice 6th Edition by Wilson

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634 Verified Questions

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Chapter 1: Introduction to Health Assessment

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which activity illustrates the concept of primary prevention?

A) Monthly breast self-examination

B) Annual cervical (Papanicolaou test) examination

C) Education about living with asthma

D) Exercising three times a week

Answer: D

Q2) A patient comes to the emergency department and tells the triage nurse that he is "having a heart attack." What is the nurse's top priority at this time?

A) Determine the patient's personal data and insurance coverage.

B) Ask the patient to take a seat in the waiting room until his name is called.

C) Request that a nurse collect data for a comprehensive history.

D) Ask a nurse to start a focused assessment of this patient now.

Answer: D

Q3) For which person is a comprehensive assessment indicated?

A) The person who had abdominal surgery yesterday

B) The person who is unaware of his high serum glucose levels

C) The person who is being admitted to a long-term care facility

D) The person who is beginning rehabilitation after a knee replacement

Answer: C

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Chapter 2: Obtaining a Health History

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which technique should the nurse use to obtain more data about a patient's vague or ambiguous statement?

A) Laughing and smiling during conversation

B) Using phrases such as "Go on," and "Then?"

C) Repeating what the patient has said, but using different words

D) Asking the patient to explain a point

Answer: D

Q2) Which technique used by the nurse encourages a patient to continue talking during an interview?

A) Laughing and smiling during conversation

B) Using phrases such as "Go on," and "Then?"

C) Repeating what the patient said, but using different words

D) Asking the patient to clarify a point

Answer: B

Q3) Which question is an example of an open-ended question?

A) "Have you experienced this pain before?"

B) "Do you have someone to help you at home?"

C) "How many times a day do you use your inhaler?"

D) "What were you doing when you felt the pain?"

Answer: D

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Chapter 3: Techniques and Equipment for Physical Assessment

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Sample Questions

Q1) A nurse is assessing joint function of a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis. Which instrument/tool does the nurse use to measure the degree of flexion and extension of the patient's knee joints?

A) Calipers

B) Ruler or tape measure

C) Goniometer

D) Doppler

Answer: C

Q2) Using an ophthalmoscope, how does the nurse bring a patient's interior eye structures into focus?

A) Using the red filter

B) Adjusting the diopters

C) Dilating the patient's pupils

D) Using the wide-beam light

Answer: B

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Chapter 4: General Inspection and Measurement of Vital Signs

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which method of temperature measurement does a nurse choose when assessing school-aged children in a wellness clinic? (Select all that apply.)

A) Axillary temperature

B) Rectal temperature

C) Temporal artery temperature

D) Oral temperature

E) Tympanic membrane temperature

Q2) A patient's blood pressure has been averaging 120/72 when using the upper arms. Today, the nurse uses this patient's thigh to measure the blood pressure. What is the expected systolic pressure using the thigh that is equivalent to a systolic pressure of 120?

A) A systolic reading of 110 mm Hg

B) A systolic reading of 120 mm Hg

C) A systolic reading of 140 mm Hg

D) A systolic reading of 170 mm Hg

Q3) A female patient admitted with fluid retention has been in diuretic therapy to remove fluid. She weighed 187 lb on admission. Today she weighs 179 lb. Since admission, this patient has lost _____ L from fluid loss.

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Chapter 5: Cultural Assessment

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Sample Questions

Q1) A nurse is conducting an assessment of an American Indian woman who has come to the clinic complaining of persistent headaches. The patient tells the nurse that the medicines prescribed by the tribal healer have done "some good." What is the appropriate response of the nurse at this time?

A) "I advise you to stop taking those medicines from the tribal healer."

B) "Perhaps you should increase the frequency of the healer's medicines."

C) "Tell me about these medicines and how often you are using them."

D) "Could your headaches be caused by the healer's medicines?"

Q2) During the first prenatal visit for a 20-year-old Hispanic woman, the nurse assesses the patient's health beliefs and practices. Which questions are appropriate as part of this assessment? (Select all that apply.)

A) You are Hispanic, do you need me to find an interpreter?

B) What is the language that is usually spoken in your home?

C) How do you define health and illness?

D) Which Catholic church do you attend?

E) Do you have specific beliefs or preferences concerning food or food preparation?

F) Do you or the members of your family have certain beliefs and practices surrounding pregnancy and childbirth?

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Chapter 6: Pain Assessment

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Sample Questions

Q1) A patient who had an amputation of his lower leg comes to the clinic with a complaint of pain. He asks, "How I can be feeling pain in my foot-my foot is gone?" What is the appropriate response from the nurse?

A) "After your amputation, pain perception increases."

B) "Amputating your leg caused abnormal processing of sensory input by the peripheral nervous system."

C) "Stimulation of nerves from your leg sends impulses to the brain so that you feel pain even though your leg is no longer there."

D) "When sensory nerves enter the spinal cord, they stimulate nerves from unaffected organs in the same spinal cord segment as those neurons in areas where injury or disease is located."

Q2) Which patient would be expected to experience acute pain?

A) A patient who had abdominal surgery 8 hours ago

B) A patient who has cancer and has been receiving treatment for 4 months

C) A patient who states that he or she has lived with severe pain for many years

D) A patient who has been treated unsuccessfully over the past year for back pain

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Chapter 7: Mental Health Assessment

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Sample Questions

Q1) During a sports physical for a 16-year-old girl, the nurse asks which question to collect data about drug use?

A) "Many teenagers have tried street drugs. Have you tried these drugs?"

B) "Tell me which street drugs your friends have offered to you?"

C) "Do most of your friends drink alcohol or do street drugs?"

D) "Your high school has a reputation for drug use. Do you use drugs?"

Q2) A nurse screens every adult and adolescent patient for alcohol consumption. Which patient drinks more than recommended?

A) The man who reports drinking three beers and one shot of whiskey each day

B) The woman who reports drinking two glasses of wine and two vodka martinis each day

C) The older adult man who reports drinking one glass of sherry before going to bed each night

D) The woman who reports drinking one glass of wine with dinner each day.

Q3) What function do neurotransmitters have in mental health disorders?

A) Dopamine levels are increased in schizophrenia.

B) Increased levels of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) contribute to anxiety.

C) Serotonin is decreased in a state of anxiety.

D) Norepinephrine is increased in depression.

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Chapter 8: Nutritional Assessment

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Sample Questions

Q1) A nurse calculates a patient's body mass index (BMI) as 33. This measurement indicates which class of weight?

A) Overweight

B) Obesity class I

C) Obesity class II

D) Obesity class III

Q2) A patient tells the nurse that she tries to keep her fat intake at less than 15% of her total caloric intake per day. What is the nurse's most appropriate response to this patient's comment?

A) "That is admirable; how do you accomplish fat intake that low on a daily basis?"

B) "Eating fat is essential for good health, and you should consume about 40% of your fats as monounsaturated fat."

C) "Limiting fat prevents some diseases, but your fat intake is much lower than the 25% recommended."

D) "If you want to bring your fat intake down further, you might want to eliminate eating fast foods."

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Chapter 9: Skin, Hair, and Nails

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Sample Questions

Q1) When performing a skin assessment of an adult patient, the nurse expects what finding?

A) Reddened area does not blanch when gentle pressure is applied.

B) Indentation of the finger remains in the skin after palpation.

C) Flaking or scaling of the skin

D) Return of skin to its original position when pinched up slightly

Q2) A patient has come to the clinic complaining of a "bump" behind his right ear. Upon inspection, the nurse notes a lesion that is elevated, solid, and 4 cm in diameter. What does the nurse call this lesion when she reports her findings to the health care provider?

A) Tumor

B) Nodule

C) Keloid

D) Papule

Q3) A nurse assessing a patient with liver disease expects to find which manifestation during the examination?

A) Yellowish color in the axilla and groin

B) Yellow pigmentation in the sclera

C) Very pale skin on the palms

D) Ashen-gray color in the oral mucous membranes

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Chapter 10: Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat

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Sample Questions

Q1) A patient complains of a lesion in his nose. Which technique does a nurse use to inspect the nasal mucosa?

A) Inserts a nasal speculum horizontally into the patient's affected nares

B) Inserts a nasal speculum obliquely into the patient's affected nares

C) Uses a light source from the ophthalmoscope

D) Inserts a nasal speculum vertically into the patient's affected nares

Q2) During an examination of the head and neck of a healthy adult, the nurse expects which findings? (Select all that apply.)

A) Small red lesions with white flakes scattered on the scalp.

B) The head and facial bones are proportional for the size of the body.

C) Depressions palpated on the right and left sides over the parietal bones.

D) Head held flexed 15 degrees to the left.

E) Face and jaw are symmetric and proportional.

F) Temporomandibular joint moves smoothly.

Q3) How does a nurse assess movements of the eyes?

A) By assessing peripheral vision

B) By noting the symmetry of the corneal light reflex

C) By assessing the cardinal fields of gaze

D) By performing the cover-uncover test

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Page 12

Chapter 11: Lungs and Respiratory System

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Sample Questions

Q1) On examination, a nurse finds the patient has a productive cough with green sputum and inspiratory crackles. What other findings does this nurse expect during the examination? (Select all that apply.)

A) Dull tones to percussion

B) Increased vibration on vocal fremitus

C) Fever

D) Decreased diaphragmatic excursion

E) A sharp, abrupt pain reported when patient breathes deeply

F) Muffled sounds heard when the patient says e-e-e

Q2) During a history, a nurse notices a patient is short of breath, is using pursed-lip breathing, and maintains a tripod position. Based on these data, what abnormal finding should the nurse expect to find during the examination?

A) Increased tactile fremitus

B) Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing

C) Tracheal deviation

D) An increased anteroposterior diameter

Q3) A patient tells the nurse that he has smoked 1 \(\frac{1}{2}\) packs of cigarettes a day for 14 years. The number of packs the nurse should record in the medical record is ___ pack-years.

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Chapter 12: Heart and Peripheral Vascular System

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Sample Questions

Q1) A patient reports that he has coronary artery disease with ventricular hypertrophy. Based on these data, what finding should the nurse expect during assessment?

A) S4 heart sound

B) Clubbing of fingers

C) Splitting of the S1 heart sound

D) Pericardial friction rub

Q2) The patient describes her chest pain as "squeezing, crushing, and 12 on a scale of 10." This pain started more than an hour ago while she was resting, and she also feels nauseous. Based on these findings, the nurse should assess for which associated symptoms?

A) Tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypertension

B) Dyspnea, diaphoresis, and palpitations

C) Hyperventilation, fatigue, anorexia, and emotional strain

D) Fever, dyspnea, orthopnea, and friction rub

Q3) Which pulse may be a challenge for a nurse to palpate?

A) Temporal

B) Femoral

C) Popliteal

D) Dorsalis pedis

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Chapter 13: Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System

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Sample Questions

Q1) In assessing a patient with renal disease, the nurse palpates edema in both ankles and feet. Based on this finding, what question does the nurse ask the patient?

A) "Have you had any pain in your abdomen?"

B) "Have you had an unexpected weight gain?"

C) "Have you noticed a change in the color of your skin?"

D) "Have you had any nausea or vomiting?"

Q2) The nurse recognizes which clinical finding as expected on palpation of the abdomen?

A) Inability to palpate the spleen

B) Left kidney rounded at 2 cm below the costal margin

C) Slight tenderness of the gallbladder on light palpation

D) Bounding pulsation of the aorta over the umbilicus

Q3) A nurse inspects the abdomen for skin color, surface characteristics, and surface movement. What part of the abdominal assessment does the nurse perform next?

A) Light palpation for tenderness and muscle tone

B) Ausculation of the bowel sounds in all four quadrants

C) Deep palpation for masses or aortic pulsation

D) Percussion for tones in all four quadrants

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Chapter 14: Musculoskeletal System

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Sample Questions

Q1) The nurse notes that there is an audible clicking sound when the patient opens and closes the mouth. What is the appropriate response of the nurse at this time?

A) Recording this as an abnormal finding, requiring additional assessment

B) Measuring the distance between each side of the mandible and the eyes

C) Applying resistance to the maxilla and asking the patient to repeat the motion

D) Documenting this finding as expected if no other signs or symptoms are found

Q2) On inspection of a patient's hands, the nurse notices ulnar deviation and swan-neck deformities bilaterally and correlates this finding with which disorder?

A) Osteoarthritis

B) Osteoporosis

C) Rheumatoid arthritis

D) Gout

Q3) When assessing the neck of a healthy adult, a nurse expects which findings?

A) A convex contour of the posterior cervical spine

B) Bending of the head to the right and left (ear to shoulder) 15 degrees

C) Turning the chin to the right shoulder and then the left shoulder

D) Hyperextension of the head 30 degrees from midline

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Chapter 15: Neurologic System

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Sample Questions

Q1) The nurse moves a wisp of cotton lightly across the anterior scalp, paranasal sinuses, and lower jaw to test the function of which cranial nerve?

A) CN IV (trochlear nerve)

B) CN V (trigeminal nerve)

C) CN VI (abducens nerve)

D) CN VII (facial nerve)

Q2) A patient reports having difficulty swallowing. Based on this information, how does the nurse assess the cranial nerve related to swallowing?

A) Ask the patient about feeling the blunt end of a paper clip along the jaw line.

B) Observe the rising of the soft palate when the patient says "Ahh."

C) Observe the symmetry of the face when the patient talks.

D) Assess taste on the anterior part of the tongue.

Q3) Which cranial nerve is assessed when a nurse asks a patient to stick out the tongue and move it side to side?

A) Vagus nerve (CN X)

B) Facial nerve (CN VII)

C) Abducens nerve (CN VI)

D) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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Chapter 16: Breasts and Axillae

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which statement by a 40-year-old man would be most indicative of possible breast cancer?

A) "I had embarrassing breast enlargement when I was a teenager."

B) "I think I felt a hard spot in my left breast, but it does not hurt."

C) "My right breast has always been a little smaller than the left."

D) "My father's breasts got larger after he was older."

Q2) When examining the lymph nodes of an adult female patient, the nurse recognizes which finding as normal?

A) Visible superficial nodes

B) Palpable supraclavicular nodes

C) Nonpalpable lymph nodes in the axilla

D) Enlarged, fixed nodes in the neck

Q3) While giving a presentation about breast health, a nurse informs patients about which recommendation?

A) Women in their 30s should have annual clinical breast examinations.

B) Women at high risk of breast cancer should have semiannual mammograms.

C) Women who are postmenopausal require clinical breast examination every 5 years.

D) A screening mammogram is recommended for all women beginning at age 50 years.

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Chapter 17: Reproductive System and the Perineum

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Q1) During the initial inspection of the female genitalia, the nurse recognizes which finding as normal?

A) The labia minora are hair-covered and lying within the labia majora.

B) The cervical os in the multiparous woman has the shape of a small circle.

C) The vaginal vestibule lies between the labia minora and contains the urinary meatus.

D) The openings of Skene and Bartholin glands are visible posteriorly.

Q2) Which questions are appropriate for a symptom analysis of a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia? (Select all that apply.)

A) "How often have you found that you stopped and started again several times when you urinated?"

B) "How often have you had to urinate again less than 2 hours after you finished urinating?"

C) "How often have you been incontinent of urine?"

D) "How often have you had constipation due to the enlarged prostate?"

E) "How often have you had to push or strain to begin urination?"

F) "How often have you had to get up during the night to urinate?"

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Chapter 18: Developmental Assessment Throughout the Life Span

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Sample Questions

Q1) During a counseling session, which statement by an adolescent indicates he is adjusting to expected developmental tasks?

A) "I wish my parents would just leave me alone."

B) "I'm hoping to go to college."

C) "I don't have any friends."

D) "It's terrible being taller than all my friends."

Q2) A nurse is assessing a preschooler who is able to draw a three-part human figure, hop on one foot, and recognize three colors. The nurse recognizes these characteristics as consistent for what age?

A) 3 years old

B) 4 years old

C) 5 years old

D) 6 years old

Q3) During middle adulthood, which immunization may be recommended?

A) PPV (pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine)

B) Hepatitis B virus vaccine, third dose

C) Human papillomavirus (HPV)

D) Td (tetanus and diphtheria toxoids)

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Chapter 19: Assessment of the Infant, Child, and Adolescent

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Sample Questions

Q1) What technique does a nurse use to inspect the ear canal of a 1-year-old child?

A) Uses a light source without a speculum to minimize any trauma to the ear canal

B) Places the child in an upright position with the head flexed slightly downward

C) Applies gentle traction to the lower portion of the ear and pulls upward and laterally

D) Uses an assistant to hold the child's arms down and keep the child's head turned to one side

Q2) A mother who sees her newborn just after vaginal delivery is distraught because the child's head is elongated. Which response is most appropriate by the nurse?

A) "This is due to a small area of bleeding that will go away in 1 to 2 months."

B) "This may indicate a congenital deformity; the pediatrician will evaluate this."

C) "This will require surgery to prevent hydrocephalus from developing."

D) "This is not unusual after a vaginal delivery and will go away in about a week."

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Chapter 20: Assessment of the Pregnant Patient

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Q1) A patient who is 30 weeks pregnant tells the nurse, "I have had low blood pressure all my life, and now it is 136/74. What's wrong with me?" What is the most appropriate response by this nurse?

A) "A woman's blood pressure usually drops several points during pregnancy, but yours hasn't."

B) "The blood pressure increases because your blood volume increases to supply you and the baby with enough blood."

C) "Yes, this is a significant change from your baseline, and I advise you to see your obstetrician at your earliest convenience."

D) "If you spend more time lying down, I think your blood pressure should return to normal in a few days."

Q2) A nurse refers which pregnant patient for additional assessment?

A) A woman at 36 weeks of gestation who has 30% effacement of the cervix

B) A woman at 19 weeks of gestation who has noticed fetal movement every day this week

C) A woman at 20 weeks of gestation who has gained 4 lb in the last 2 weeks

D) A woman at 28 weeks of gestation who has a systolic blood pressure of 40 mg Hg over baseline

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Chapter 21: Assessment of the Older Adult

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Sample Questions

Q1) What finding does a nurse look for when assessing the skin of an older adult with solar lentigo?

A) Yellowish, thin papules with a central depression

B) Pigmented, raised, wartlike lesions on the face or trunk

C) Small, soft, pigmented tags of skin on the face and neck

D) Irregular, flat, deeply pigmented macules on sun-exposed areas

Q2) An older adult patient reports being able to see her granddaughter play basketball out of the sides of her eyes, but not in the center of her eyes. Based on this information, what vision disorder does the nurse suspect?

A) Presbyopia

B) Macular degeneration

C) Pseudoptosis

D) Entropion

Q3) The nurse notes which finding as expected during a history and examination of an older adult patient's abdomen?

A) Hyperactive bowel sounds in all quadrants

B) Decreased fatty deposits over the abdomen

C) Marked concavity of the abdominal contour

D) Soft abdomen on palpation in all quadrants

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Page 23

Chapter 22: Conducting a Head-to-Toe Examination

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which data does a nurse collect during the general survey when meeting a patient for the first time? (Select all that apply.)

A) Gait

B) Muscle strength

C) Heart sounds

D) Hearing and speech abilities

E) Mood or affect

F) Position of the trachea

Q2) Which techniques does a nurse use routinely to collect data when assessing a patient's posterior thorax? (Select all that apply.)

A) Inspection of the thorax for symmetry of shoulders

B) Percussion of the costovertebral angle bilaterally

C) Inspection of respiratory movement for symmetry, depth, and rhythm of respiration

D) Percussion of the posterior and lateral thorax for resonance

E) Palpation of vertebrae for alignment and tenderness

F) Inspection of thorax for muscular development and scapular alignment

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Chapter 23: Documenting the Comprehensive Health Assessment

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Sample Questions

Q1) The nurse documents which data under the category of present health status?

A) Counts on her friends in stressful times

B) "I only sleep for 2 to 3 hours a night and use diphenhydramine for sleep."

C) Has a physical examination and flu vaccination annually

D) "I feel good about myself most of the time."

Q2) What data do nurses document under the category general survey?

A) Mental health

B) Functional ability

C) Diet and nutrition

D) Orientation

Q3) Which documentation by a nurse is most descriptive?

A) Heart sounds normal.

B) Few ectopic beats heard during auscultation.

C) S1 murmur is heard at second right sternal border.

D) Pulse within normal limits.

Q4) Which data do nurses document under the category of past health history?

A) Chronic diseases

B) Immunizations received

C) Allergies to medications or food

D) Causes of death of the patient's parents

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Chapter 24: Adapting Health Assessment to the Hospitalized Patient

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Sample Questions

Q1) A nurse uses the Glasgow Coma Scale to assess which patient?

A) The patient who has a new onset of quadriplegia

B) The patient who has tonic-clonic seizures

C) The patient who requires stimuli for responses

D) The patient who has dementia

Q2) Which patient using respiratory equipment requires skin assessment? (Select all that apply.)

A) A patient using a nasal cannula

B) A patient with a tracheostomy

C) A patient using an incentive spirometer

D) A patient using a Ventimask

E) A patient with an IV

Q3) What data do nurses collect when assessing a patient's wound? (Select all that apply.)

A) Skin turgor

B) Width, length, and depth

C) Presence of pulsations

D) Wound color

E) Presence of edema

F) Drainage color

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