Epidemiology for Nurses Exam Review - 924 Verified Questions

Page 1


Chapter 5: Epidemiology

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34 Verified Questions

34 Flashcards

Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/1913

Sample Questions

Q1) A nurse wanted a screening test that was very sensitive in determining who might have a particular illness. What might be a problem with using such a sensitive test? (Select all that apply.)

A) Many persons have true negative test results.

B) Persons who test negative are able to celebrate their healthy state.

C) Persons who do not have the illness are told that they might, which leads to anxiety, as well as time and cost of follow-up diagnostic tests.

D) Such a test may have lower specificity, so some persons with the disease are told they are disease free and hence do not receive care.

E) There is no problem; it is best to use the most sensitive screening test available.

F) Persons who have the disease are notified and receive treatment.

Q2) A client has developed pellagra because of a lack of certain B vitamins. Which of the following best describes the classification of the nutritional deficiency?

A) Relative risk factor

B) Agent factor

C) Environment factor

D) Host factor

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Page 7

Chapter 6: Community Assessment

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24 Verified Questions

24 Flashcards

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following provides the most accurate way to explain community health nursing?

A) Being employed outside a medical center, such as in a physician's office

B) Focusing care on the community as a whole

C) Providing care within the community, rather than a hospital or extended-care facility

D) Working for a public health department

Q2) Which of the following best describes when a community health nurse would try to collect data on a health issue?

A) When available data exists

B) When data must be purchased from the agency that collects it

C) When there is no source of previously collected data

D) When the data previously collected is available to the public

Q3) An individual lives in a healthy community. Which of the following characteristics would this community most likely display?

A) Ability to adapt and respond to changes

B) Lack of environmental pollution

C) Low unemployment rate

D) Ongoing growth in population

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Chapter 7: Community Health Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation

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31 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following best describes why states will increasingly monitor and report on quality and cost of health care?

A) Citizens are increasingly complaining of high medical costs in a depressed economy.

B) Congress has been unsuccessful in reducing health care costs.

C) Taxation has decreased, resulting in fewer funds available for health care.

D) Hospitals and nursing homes are demanding increased funding.

Q2) Which of the following important events related to health care occurred during the Reagan administration? (Select all that apply.)

A) Increase in national health planning and coordination of efforts

B) Decrease in both federal control and federal funding

C) Increase in state funding with concurrent control by local boards of health

D) Implementation of Medicare funding based on diagnosis-related groups

E) Suggestions to shift costs and reduce costs

F) Suggestions to mobilize the community to become involved

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Chapter 8: Community Health Education

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32 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following factors is found in the Health Belief Model (HBM) but not in Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM)?

A) Individual perception

B) Likelihood of action

C) Personal threat as motivator

D) Self-efficacy

Q2) A nurse is selecting goals for an educational program. Which of the following methods should be used?

A) Ask the formal leadership of a community what the learning needs are.

B) Interview informal leaders about the learning needs of the community.

C) Use the expertise of professional nurses skilled at assessing needs.

D) The target audience must determine their needs and priorities.

Q3) Which of the following methods is most consistent with Freire's approach to empowerment?

A) Encouraging active participation and dialogue in critical reflection

B) Recognizing that the best resources to create change are found in powerful leaders

C) Reminding learners of their responsibility for their own learning

D) Using the "banking" approach with nurses sharing their expertise with patients

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Chapter 9: Case Management

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following best describes the goals of nursing case management regardless of setting? (Select all that apply.)

A) Ensure that all clients have a case manager

B) Contain costs and control use of services

C) Decrease duplication and fragmentation

D) Enhance client's quality of life

E) Focus on avoiding hospitalization or institutionalization

F) Maintain routine communication channels

Q2) Which of the following best describes why utilization review departments are becoming case management units?

A) Funding is available for case management responsibilities.

B) Monitoring service use alone does not improve patient outcomes.

C) It facilitates using nurse experts for case management.

D) It promotes the current trend of naming "utilization review" units "case management."

Q3) Which of the following has the largest influence on the case manager's role?

A) Criteria of the program for accepting clients

B) Location of the program

C) Population served by the program

D) The specific program that employs the case manager

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Page 11

Chapter 10: Policy, Politics, Legislation, and Community

Health Nursing

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40 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following were among the outcomes of the 1979 report Healthy People: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention? (Select all that apply.)

A) A national committee was established to have hearings and study the problem further.

B) Increased funds were allocated for health planning and health care.

C) Many of the recommendations were adopted on the federal level.

D) The Health Objectives Planning Act of 1990 was passed.

E) The federal government began to identify and monitor national health care goals.

F) The president addressed the American people about the need for health care reform.

Q2) Which of the following statements best describes why the federal government is unable to do whatever politicians currently in power want?

A) The citizens would rise up in rebellion if actions were outrageous.

B) The lack of funds to implement actions are seen as unreasonable by a majority of voters.

C) Only the actions authorized by the Constitution are legitimate.

D) The states would rebel and withdraw from the union.

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Page 12

Chapter 11: The Health Care System

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Sample Questions

Q1) Who primarily provides care for military personnel, their families, and veterans, as well as Native Americans?

A) Federal government

B) Local health departments

C) Regional health districts

D) State health departments

Q2) Which of the following conclusions were made when Congress asked for a report on the federal government's quality enhancement process on the care the federal government gave? (Select all that apply.)

A) A clear responsibility at the federal level is to lead by example.

B) Computerized clinical data have enabled practice guidelines to be written.

C) Federally sponsored education and training programs have a strong impact.

D) Quality assurance information has been consistent and useful in improvement.

E) The quality of federal health care was very good.

F) Writing regulations influences nonfederal health care providers and organizations.

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13

Chapter 12: Economics of Health Care

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following best describes what was done by large industrial giants to stop the constant increase in their costs for health insurance for their employees?

A) Assembled their own health care programs

B) Established health promotion programs that employees were required to attend

C) Signed only certain providers to give care at a reduced rate in exchange for so many new patients

D) Suggested that employees seek only the most necessary services

Q2) Which of the following is the best definition of economics?

A) Assets that can be traded for different assets

B) Income and outgo of monies

C) Science of allocation of resources

D) Study of goods, services, talents, and transportation

Q3) Which of the following was a major change after Medicare began a prescription drug benefit?

A) Number of prescriptions ordered by physicians decreased

B) Medications increased without affecting patient care outcomes

C) U.S. expenditures on drugs approached the same level as that of other industrialized nations

D) Use of drugs and their cost immediately increased

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Page 14

Chapter 13: Cultural Diversity and Community Health

Nursing

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33 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A woman who spoke English was an immigrant from the Middle East, attending the clinic for the first time with two female friends. When a male nurse attempted to get a health history, the woman refused to respond to his questions. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?

A) Ask a female nurse to talk with the client

B) Ensure that the client has privacy, with the two female friends waiting outside before trying again

C) Explain that the woman cannot see a physician until the nurse obtains a health history and does an initial examination

D) Stress that the clinic is free and she does not have to pay extra to see both the nurse and the physician

Q2) After being given negative news about a health problem, the client, with tears running down her face, asks, "Why did this happen to me?" Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

A) "Could someone have cursed you?"

B) "Do you feel your life is out of balance?"

C) "God has a plan for each of us even if we do not understand it."

D) "Why do you think it might have happened?"

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Chapter 14: Environmental Health

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Sample Questions

Q1) In a community presentation about asthma, a nurse explained the causes of asthma in children, how to observe for "triggers" that lead to an attack, and how to use an inhaler. Which of the following statements best identifies what was omitted from this presentation?

A) The nurse did not ask the attendees to disclose if any of them smoke around children.

B) The nurse did not address actions that should be taken to improve air quality and only focused on the treatment of asthma.

C) The nurse did not address the need to avoid exposure to others who may have a communicable disease.

D) The nurse did not review the genetic components related to asthma in families.

Q2) How does critical theory differ from other nursing theories such as the health belief model or Orem's self-care deficit theory?

A) Critical theory can be used by professionals other than nurses.

B) Critical theory focuses on oppression and facilitates group action.

C) Critical theory is not directly related to health promotion.

D) Critical theory confronts changing an individual's beliefs.

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Chapter 15: Health in the Global Community

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Sample Questions

Q1) What have been the foci of international nursing research? (Select all that apply.)

A) Development of home care or transition from hospital to home

B) Diverse clinical experiences

C) Educational exchange programs for students and faculty

D) How to integrate technology into developing country health care systems

E) How to use a career in nursing to change the cultural expectations of gender roles

F) The importance of sharing resources with poverty stricken countries

Q2) Which of the following best explains why many people decide to move to large urban areas?

A) To be eligible for social aid

B) To be with friends

C) To join family who are already there

D) To seek employment

Q3) Which of the following groups makes up about 30% of the world's population?

A) Children

B) Elderly

C) Teenaged adolescents

D) Caucasians

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Chapter 16: Child and Adolescent Health

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38 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A mother was debating whether or not to take her son to the clinic. His temperature was 104° F and rising so she gave him acetaminophen (Tylenol). Which of the following will most likely be the deciding factor in the mother's decision?

A) Whether or not the child is crying

B) Whether or not the fever goes down after the Tylenol

C) Whether or not the child seems to be getting better

D) Whether or not the child is covered under insurance

Q2) Because of county need, a school nurse was transferred from a new suburban school to a large inner-city school in an older low-income neighborhood. Which of the following changes in role should be anticipated by the nurse? (Select all that apply.)

A) An increased absentee rate because of infectious diseases

B) Cooperating with the school meal program to be sure fruits and vegetables and other healthy choices are included

C) Regularly checking each child for visible signs of child abuse

D) Emphasizing to parents that their child cannot attend school until immunizations are done

E) Need for lead poisoning screening and education

F) Screening for head lice several times a year

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Chapter 18: Mens Health

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16 Verified Questions

16 Flashcards

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Sample Questions

Q1) A male client reports that he is unable to change his health behaviors and adopt a healthier lifestyle. Which of the following is the most likely reason for his difficulty?

A) Lack of financial resources

B) Lack of transportation

C) Lack of programs

D) Lack of motivation

Q2) Which of the following strategies would most likely increase attendance at a clinic aiming to improve men's health in the community? (Select all that apply.)

A) Employing male nurses

B) Having male-friendly space for socialization

C) Having evening and weekend hours

D) Having male-accepted nibbles and drinks (pretzels and light beer)

E) Including lectures on male health each evening

F) Providing male-accepted and respected activities such as poker

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Chapter 19: Senior Health

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Sample Questions

Q1) A wife, who had just come home after major abdominal surgery, explained to the home health nurse that she was really worried about her husband. He had not been sleeping well or eating well, seemed to have no energy, and did not seem to enjoy anything including activities he used to love. Which of the following suggestions should the nurse give to the client?

A) Ask what medications the husband is taking, because many medications can affect mood

B) Explain her husband has probably been worried sick about her and the surgery, and she should reassure him frequently that she is OK

C) Point out that many people get sad during the winter months and he should be fine when spring arrives, but in the meantime put full-spectrum light bulbs in all the household lamps

D) Share that her husband seems depressed and that they should see his doctor immediately

Q2) Which of the following is the primary source of income for elderly Americans?

A) Employment income

B) Pensions

C) Savings

D) Social Security

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Page 21

Chapter 20: Family Health

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32 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A nurse asked of a family, "Could each of you tell me what you typically do during the week?" Which of the following would the nurse most likely say to follow up such an open-ended question?

A) "Could you tell me about what you do at your job?"

B) "Do you believe those choices are the best use of your free time?"

C) "How do you feel about those activities?"

D) "Is there anything you would like to do differently?"

Q2) A family came in to discuss a problem with one of their children. Which of the following family behaviors would be concerning to the nurse?

A) Each family member made supportive comments about each other.

B) Every Sunday the family attends religious services together.

C) Family members made humorous comments about their life together.

D) The family seemed to rather quickly determine priorities for action.

E) The family wanted the nurse to decide what they should do.

Q3) What has research suggested is a barrier to college students eating healthy?

A) Lack of access to an exercise facility

B) Lack of access to a primary care provider

C) Lack of knowledge of the benefits of healthy eating

D) Lack of knowledge related to food preparation

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Page 22

Chapter 21: Populations Affected by Disabilities

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following problems was the Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act (TWWIIA) designed to address?

A) Employers trying to avoid hiring persons with disabilities

B) Employers resenting being forced to hire persons with disabilities

C) Persons with disabilities not being able to receive on-the-job training

D) Persons with disabilities not seeking employment for fear of losing their health care and other governmental supports

Q2) The mother confided in the nurse, "I don't think my child is improving." Which of the following statements would be the best response by the nurse?

A) "My assessment shows your child is improving."

B) "The children seem to be playing with and accepting your child."

C) "The teacher reported to me that your child is doing much better."

D) "What is causing your concern?"

Q3) Which of the following is an accurate definition of impairment?

A) A disadvantage resulting from a disability that prevents fulfillment of an expected role

B) A restriction or inability to perform an activity in a normal manner

C) An anatomical, mental, or psychological loss or abnormality

D) A defect that affects society on a macro level

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23

Chapter 22: Homeless Populations

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following best describes the recent trends in homelessness?

A) The number of homeless individuals in school is decreasing.

B) The number of homeless individuals is increasing.

C) The number of people in homeless families is increasing.

D) The number of people in homeless families is decreasing.

Q2) On the basis of all the work done by social scientists, approximately how many homeless persons should be expected and tolerated in our society?

A) No more than 5%

B) No more than 10%

C) No more than 15%

D) There should not be homeless persons in America.

Q3) Which of the following factors is strongly predictive for homelessness among women veterans?

A) Having a previous criminal conviction

B) Being a mother

C) Having a high school education

D) Being unmarried

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24

Chapter 23: Rural and Migrant Health

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34 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following describes what has been identified by public health experts as the number one priority in rural areas?

A) Access to health care

B) Access to education

C) Access to telecommunications

D) Access to better-paying employment opportunities

Q2) Which of the following would be true for a county to be defined as having persistent poverty?

A) At least 10% of the population has been in poverty for at least the last 10 years.

B) At least 10% of the population has been in poverty for at least the last 20 years.

C) At least 20% of the population has been in poverty for at least the last 20 years.

D) At least 20% of the population has been in poverty for at least the last 30 years.

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25

Chapter 24: Populations Affected by Mental Illness

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Sample Questions

Q1) A nurse suspects that a client is depressed. Which of the following symptoms is most likely being exhibited by the client? (Select all that apply.)

A) Paranoia

B) Fatigue

C) Irritability

D) Difficulty concentrating

E) Hallucinations

F) Impulsivity

Q2) Which of the following mental illnesses is most frequently diagnosed among adults in the United States?

A) Acute stress disorder

B) Bipolar disorder

C) Depression

D) Schizophrenia

Q3) Which of the following events occurred in 1965?

A) State mental hospitals were created.

B) The mentally ill were deinstitutionalized.

C) Electroconvulsive therapy was discovered to help depression.

D) Community mental health centers for outpatient care were established.

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Page 26

Chapter 25: Communicable Disease

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is the first step in preventing further spread of a particular sexually transmitted disease (STD)?

A) Have a citywide free screening program in all high schools and colleges

B) Provide public education about safe sex from abstinence to monogamous relationships

C) Require all public facilities to sanitize all restrooms with a stronger, more effective agent

D) Treat each infected person with the appropriate pharmaceutical agent

Q2) Which of the following infections continues to increase in the United States?

A) Measles

B) Pertussis

C) Hepatitis A, B, and C

D) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Q3) Which of the following best describes why clinical areas are so careful to ensure sanitization of surfaces and equipment between each patient?

A) To avoid direct patient-to-patient transmission of infection

B) To provide a clean environment for clients and staff

C) To decrease transmission by fomites

D) To decrease transmission by vectors

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Page 27

Chapter 26: Substance Abuse

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following best explains why anyone would ever experiment with an illegal substance?

A) As a way of rebelling against parental authority

B) Because it is forbidden

C) For the thrill of it-without getting caught

D) Friends are encouraging it

Q2) Which of the following best explains what experts believe is the causative factor in the decline in total alcohol consumption?

A) Americans prefer less dangerous mood-altering substances.

B) Increased "sin" taxes on alcohol and tobacco nationwide

C) Less social tolerance and no-drinking-while-driving campaigns

D) So many movies about teenaged drinking make alcohol look adolescent.

Q3) Which of the following best explains why experts are now distinguishing between use and misuse?

A) It is easier to discuss use than to accuse persons of being drug addicts.

B) Expansion of drug treatment programs has prevented some people from becoming totally addicted.

C) Persons using prescription drugs are "users," not "misusers."

D) Some persons may use drugs and not become dependent on them.

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Page 28

Chapter 27: Violence

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25 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 4-year-old child is seen in the emergency department with a spiral fracture of the right arm. X-ray examination shows previously broken and healed bones. Which of the following is the immediate responsibility of the nurse?

A) Call social services to immediately set up foster care for the child

B) Provide information about parenting and anger management classes

C) Report the child abuse to the local legal authorities

D) Try to establish rapport and trust with the child's family

Q2) Where is youth violence most likely to occur?

A) At home

B) At recreational facilities

C) In inner city schools

D) In fast-food facilities where young adults are employed

Q3) Which of the following best describes the risk for violence among females in the United States today?

A) One of top five causes of death from age 1 to 44 years

B) One of top 10 causes of death, especially among girls aged 1 to 4 years

C) One of the top 10 causes of death, especially among women aged 15 to 24 years

D) One of the top 10 causes of death, especially among vulnerable elderly

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Chapter 28: Natural and Man-Made Disasters

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26 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A friend who was raped and beaten appeared to be coping well. However, she recently dropped out of school and shared with the nurse that she is having nightmares where it happens all over again, and these nightmares are becoming impossible to live with. Which of the following would be the concern of the nurse?

A) A late psychological reaction of despair and hopelessness

B) Depression that no one rescued her and saved her from the traumatic event

C) Guilt and concern over what she could possibly have done to invite such an event

D) Posttraumatic stress syndrome disorder (PTSD)

Q2) Which of the following steps should the nurse take first when triaging a victim of a disaster?

A) Assess mental status

B) Assess perfusion

C) Assess respirations

D) Assess blood pressure

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Chapter 29: School Health

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31 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following screenings are typically administered in the school setting? (Select all that apply.)

A) Blood pressure

B) Chest x-ray

C) Cholesterol and blood glucose

D) Height and weight

E) Scoliosis

F) Visual and hearing acuity

Q2) Which of the following best describes how Lillian Wald helped encourage the idea of school nurses in the schools?

A) She brought political pressure to bear on school boards through her political action movement.

B) She persuaded very wealthy women to convince their husbands to fund such positions.

C) She demonstrated that school nurses decreased absenteeism by 50%.

D) She used volunteer nurses until school boards were persuaded to fund such positions.

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Chapter 30: Occupational Health

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following led to a vast increase in the number of occupational health nurses?

A) Increasing autonomy and salaries of nurses in that role

B) Increasing industrialization of all societies

C) Society demanding improvements in safety for all workers

D) The health of workers involved in manufacturing during World War II was crucial

Q2) Which of the following is one of the most challenging areas for the occupational health nurse (OHN)?

A) Allocating time between direct service to employees and management tasks

B) Collaborating with other worksite professionals and retaining leadership in the arena of employee health

C) Managing ethical conflicts between responsibilities to management and responsibilities to employees

D) Maintaining competence through attending conferences and maintaining services when the nurse (sole provider) is absent

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Chapter 31: Forensic and Correctional Nursing

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Sample Questions

Q1) The legal nurse consultant (LNC) was surprised to find that former friends were no longer interested in a colleague relationship and one even accused the LNC of trashing clinical nursing practice in the courtroom. Which of the following would be the best response by the LNC?

A) "I've just accepted a position that pays an incredible amount more than staff nursing in a hospital."

B) "I'm not part of clinical nursing; I'm part of the legal system now."

C) "I'm defending the expertise and experience of skilled nursing clinicians by helping remove dangerous practitioners from the field."

D) "I'm helping clients who were hurt by poor practice to obtain revenge."

Q2) Which of the following are the most common forms of elder abuse?

A) Emotional abuse by caregivers

B) Financial abuse when resources are used without the elder's consent

C) Neglect by self or caregivers

D) Physical mistreatment resulting in injuries

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Chapter 32: Faith Community Nursing

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following realities would cause difficult ethical conflicts for a faith community nurse?

A) Best clinical practice may suggest behaviors contrary to the faith community's values and beliefs.

B) Individuals might pressure the nurse to make medical decisions for them.

C) Persons do not always follow the nurse's advice as to appropriate actions.

D) Some political maneuvers within the faith community have implications for the nurse's practice.

Q2) Which of the following best explains why the name of parish nursing was changed to faith community nursing by the American Nurses Association (ANA)?

A) To allow nurses to use the title "congregational nurse" or "church nurse" rather than "parish nurse"

B) To allow nurses who were not religious to accept practice positions

C) To decrease the emphasis on the church

D) To emphasize the community setting of the specialty

E) To reflect the diversity now found in the specialty

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Chapter 33: Home Health and Hospice

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Sample Questions

Q1) In addition to factual data such as name, address, and diagnosis, which of the following information is crucial to the nurse when a referral is received?

A) The amount of reimbursement the agency will receive for a visit

B) The family's reaction to the suggestion that a nurse visit in their home

C) The purpose of the referral for a home visit

D) The patient's agreement with the home visit referral

Q2) Which of the following is the most important task to be accomplished during the initial home visit?

A) Assess the client and the family

B) Discuss social topics

C) Educate the client and the family regarding the health problem

D) Establish rapport and trust

Q3) Which of the following should be included when the nurse writes a proposed treatment plan for a home health client?

A) Outline of specific client goals with measurable outcomes

B) Specific nursing interventions to treat identified client problems

C) Type of services needed and frequency of visits by each discipline

D) Typical nursing care plan information from assessment to evaluation

To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.

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