Environmental Studies
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Environmental Studies explores the complex interactions between humans and the natural environment, examining issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, resource management, and sustainability. The course integrates perspectives from the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities to provide a holistic understanding of environmental challenges and the strategies needed to address them. Students will develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills as they analyze environmental policies, conduct research, discuss ethical considerations, and investigate the impact of individual and collective actions on the Earth.
Recommended Textbook
Principles of Environmental Science Inquiry and Applications 7th Edition by William P Cunningham
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16 Chapters
511 Verified Questions
511 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Our Environment
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would be considered to be an area in environmental science where we are seeing progress toward sustainability?
A) Biodiversity loss
B) World hunger
C) Climate change
D) Renewable energy
Answer: D
Q2) Random samples are used
A) to eliminate bias from a study.
B) Only when large samples are not available.
C) To eliminate the need for a rigorous method of choice.
D) Only in double-blind medical experiments.
Answer: A
Q3) Why is world hunger an environmental issue?
A) Food production is global but the resources are unequally distributed.
B) Agriculture is only possible in developed nations.
C) There is not enough fresh water for irrigation.
D) There is not enough fertilizer to provide high yields for crops.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Producers rely on the process of ____________ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on the process of ____________ to release chemical energy.
A) cellular respiration; photosynthesis
B) cellular respiration; cellular respiration
C) photosynthesis; cellular respiration
D) photosynthesis; photosynthesis
E) the sun; the sun
Answer: B
Q2) Which is the best example of a closed system?
A) a space station
B) a forest
C) a hotel
D) a lake
E) a river
Answer: A
Q3) Nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids and proteins.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ is the place or set of environmental conditions in which a particular organism lives.
A) Adaptation
B) Habitat
C) Tolerance range
D) Resource partition
E) Niche
Answer: B
Q2) As ecological development proceeds, a biological community
A) gradually stagnates.
B) becomes more diverse.
C) goes through repeated secondary succession stages.
D) goes through repeated primary succession stages.
E) becomes less complex.
Answer: B
Q3) The most common reason that introduced species cause trouble is because they are larger than native species.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Human Populations
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33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the _________ effective ways to stabilize populations is to _________.
A) most; provide free contraceptives
B) least; provide free contraceptives
C) least; decrease child mortality
D) most; decrease child mortality
E) most; expect mandatory sterilization
Q2) Which of the following has not played an important role in the slowed population growth rate of Iran?
A) Mandatory family planning classes before marriage.
B) A strictly enforced government limit on the number of children per family.
C) A wide variety of free contraceptives.
D) Improved gender equity.
E) Availability of better jobs.
Q3) The demographic transition refers to a country's change from
A) high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
B) high to low birth rates and low to high death rates.
C) low to high birth rates and high to low death rates.
D) a majority of young people to a majority of elderly people.
E) a majority of elderly people to a majority of young people.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Biomes and Biodiversity
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is unique about the Mediterranean climate area biome?
A) It is a highly desirable place to live.
B) It is only found in the Mediterranean area.
C) It has very poor soil but supports an extremely diverse array of species.
D) It has a large total area.
E) It contains a high number of unique species.
Q2) The total number of living species is probably
A) about 450,000.
B) between 500,000 and 1 million.
C) between 3 million and 50 million.
D) between 75 and 95 million.
E) at least 300 million.
Q3) The location of specific biomes can be predicted based on A) the Coriolis Effect.
B) the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
C) precipitation and temperature.
D) seasonal variations in sunspots.
E) large landforms in the area.
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Chapter 6: Environmental Conservation: Forests,
Grasslands, Parks, and Nature
Preserves
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which forest harvest method would leave the forest as close to a natural old growth forest as possible?
A) Clearcutting.
B) Selective harvest.
C) Strip cutting.
D) Shelterwood harvest.
E) Monoculture harvest.
Q2) One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use _______________ to link smaller habitat areas.
A) highways
B) eco-bridges
C) edge effects
D) corridors
E) GIS
Q3) The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Diversity can be preserved by linking reserves together with corridors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Food and Agriculture
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Undernourished parents often raise children who are undernourished because the parents
A) transfer genetic deficiencies to their children.
B) do not know any better.
C) cannot afford to feed their children properly.
D) do not have access to information about nutrition.
E) All of these are reasons for the vicious cycle.
Q2) You can participate in sustainable agriculture by
A) buying local produce.
B) eating lower on the food chain.
C) participating in CSAs.
D) eating locally lower on the food chain and participating in CSAs.
Q3) The three crops that humans rely on for the majority of nutrients and calories are
A) potatoes, wheat, and oats.
B) wheat, rice, and maize.
C) barley, oats, and rye.
D) maize, oats, and rice.
E) oats, beans, and barley.
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9
Chapter 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on what you know of risk assessment, which of the following factors would not explain the seemingly irrational behavior of a father who smokes (high risk factor for baby) throwing away his baby's teething rings that may contain phthalates (seemingly low risk factor for baby).
A) People tend to downplay risks that are associated with activities they are committed to or enjoy.
B) Most people do not understand the concepts of probability.
C) News media can give a biased view of hazards.
D) People tend to have an irrational fear of certain technologies that are not as well understood.
E) People recognize the risk of man-made objects but not those of natural (tobacco) objects.
Q2) Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _______________________ and ___________________.
A) use of chemical mixtures; lack of knowledge about synergistic effects
B) lack of funding for federal mandates; lack of public support
C) extrapolation of data to low doses; extrapolation of data from non-human species to humans
D) lack of planning; the involvement of politics
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Climate
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21 Verified Questions
21 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An increase in albedo would mean there would be
A) an increase in reflectivity.
B) an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
C) an increase in the amount of ultraviolet light absorbed by the atmosphere.
D) an increase in heat absorption.
Q2) The "Keeling curve" showing CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, shows that concentrations of CO2 have reached approximately what level, in parts per million (PPM)?
A) 1,000 ppm
B) 400 ppm
C) 350 ppm
D) 200 ppm
E) 100 ppm
Q3) Which of these is unlikely to result from climate change?
A) the change in distribution patterns of birds.
B) an increased land area in some countries due to the melting of glaciers.
C) increased drought in agricultural regions resulting in famine.
D) warmer average temperatures.
E) movement of tectonic plates.
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Chapter 10: Air Pollution
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the excessive carbon dioxide that is expected to cause global warming is generated by
A) green plants.
B) burning of fossil fuels.
C) production of cement and clearing of forests.
D) burning of fossil fuels and production of cement and clearing of forests only.
Q2) Cap and trade policies have been successful in lowering the levels of carbon dioxide and CFCs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is
A) incomplete burning of hydrocarbons.
B) combustion of sulfur-containing fuel.
C) photochemical oxidation.
D) CO in the atmosphere.
E) CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Water: Resources and Pollution
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors is the most important factor in determining whether a country is "water rich" or "water poor"?
A) population density
B) country size
C) climate
D) rivers running through the country
E) renewable water supplies and population density
Q2) On the graph of clean drinking water per person, each letter represents a country. Which of the following is most likely?
A) A is the United States; B is India.
B) A is India; B is the United States.
C) A is the United States; B is Canada.
D) A is China; B is India.
E) A is India; B is Canada.
Q3) An oligotrophic lake would be very productive.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Environmental Geology and Earth Resources
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which resource has the highest recycling rate?
A) Iron
B) Steel
C) Tin
D) Aluminum
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding tectonic plate movement is true?
A) Because of tectonic movements, Europe and Africa are drifting slowly toward the Americas.
B) When continental plates collide with continental plates, both plates usually subside.
C) When oceanic plates collide with continental plates, the continent usually rides up over the seafloor.
D) Because of tectonic movements, India is moving away from China.
E) When oceanic plates collide with continental plates, the oceanic plate usually rides up over the continental plate.
Q3) Smelting releases metals from ore.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Energy
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The down side of using palm oil as a biofuel is the loss of nutrients being placed back into the soil from decomposition of dead vegetation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most of the world's nuclear reactors are of the _____________ type.
A) graphite
B) MAGNOX
C) RBMK
D) pressurized water (PWR)
E) pebble bed
Q3) Fossil fuels currently supply about ____ percent of all world commercial energy supplies.
A) 95
B) 87
C) 75
D) 50
E) 33
Q4) The largest oil supply in the Americas comes from tar sands.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Solid and Hazardous Waste
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major disadvantage of incinerating waste is
A) it costs more than landfilling.
B) it produces significant air pollution.
C) it cannot be done without first sorting the wastes.
D) both it costs more than landfilling and it produces significant air pollution are correct.
E) both it costs more than landfilling and it cannot be done without first sorting the wastes are correct.
Q2) Composting is a waste disposal method that
A) is useful only for single households.
B) is technologically complex.
C) vastly reduces total waste volumes.
D) is more environmentally costly than landfilling.
E) is not realistic for college students.
Q3) In terms of cost and safety, one of the best ways to manage hazardous waste is to produce less hazardous waste.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Economics and Urbanization
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A megacity is defined as having more than 50 million residents.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Businesses are now willing to become "green" because
A) it improves their public image.
B) it saves money.
C) doing so is expensive but makes good advertising.
D) doing so improves their image and saves money in the end.
E) they need to obey laws and comply with government regulations.
Q3) International trade of goods internalizes costs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the name of the process the lending institution is going through?
A) A long-term analysis.
B) A supply-demand analysis.
C) A tangible-intangible cost analysis.
D) A benefit-need ratio analysis.
E) A cost-benefit analysis.
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Chapter 16: Environmental Policy and Sustainability
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which group below is most identified with direct action for environmental causes?
A) the Audubon Society
B) The Nature Conservancy
C) the Wise Use Movement
D) the Natural Resources Defense Council
E) Earth First!
Q2) Rather than directly suing a company for damages, it can be more effective to sue
A) the individuals who are employed by the company.
B) the government for not enforcing laws that would have prevented the damage.
C) the government for making the laws so stringent.
D) the owners of the company.
E) None of these. It is most effective to directly sue the company.
Q3) CERCLA is also known as
A) the Superfund Act.
B) the Clean Water Act.
C) the Toxic Substances Control Act.
D) the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
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