Environmental Studies
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Environmental Studies is an interdisciplinary course that explores the complex interactions between humans and the natural environment. Focusing on ecological principles, resource management, environmental policy, and sustainability, students learn about current environmental challenges such as climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, and conservation efforts. The course encourages critical thinking about the social, economic, and ethical dimensions of environmental decision-making, preparing students to evaluate and address environmental issues at local, regional, and global scales.
Recommended Textbook
Introducing Physical Geography 5th Edition by Alan H. Strahler
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17 Chapters
1169 Verified Questions
1169 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Earth As a Rotating Planet
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52 Verified Questions
52 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Meridian at 0 degrees is:
A)the Prime Meridian
B)the Equator
C)the Arctic Circle
D)the Antarctic Circle
E)the International Date Line
Answer: A
Q2) Tides are the result of the gravitational attraction of the Moon and Sun.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) How many degrees separate each time zone?
A)1 degree
B)2 degrees
C)5 degrees
D)10 degrees
E)15 degrees
Answer: E
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Earths Global Energy Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hot objects radiate less energy than cool objects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following are the most absorptive gases of longwave infrared radiation?
A)oxygen and argon
B)carbon dioxide and methane
C)nitrogen and ozone
D)oxygen and nitrogen
E)argon and nitrogen
Answer: B
Q3) Oxygen accounts for approximately ________ % of the air that surrounds us.
A)3.5
B)7.0
C)10.5
D)21.0
E)50.0
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Air Temperature
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58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The annual range of temperature decreases with latitude especially over northern hemisphere continents.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The environmental lapse rate is:
A)2.2 degrees per 100 meters
B)4.4 degrees per 1000 meters
C)3.2 degrees per 1000 meters
D)6.4 degrees per 1000 meters
E)10 degrees per 1000 meters
Answer: D
Q3) 40 degrees below zero is the same temperature in both Celsius and Fahrenheit.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Areas of perpetual ice and snow are always intensely cold.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Atmospheric Moisture and Precipitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) If ice crystals fall from clouds through an underlying air layer that is below zero,which of the following forms of precipitation would result?
A)rain
B)sleet
C)hail
D)snow
E)drizzle
Q2) The altitude at which air is cooled to its dew point temperature and condensation begins is referred to as the lifting condensation level.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What type of precipitation mechanism is in effect when air is forced up an over mountains and precipitation is produced?
A)convection
B)condensation
C)frontal
D)orographic
E)Santa Ana wind
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Chapter 5: Winds and the Global Circulation System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An air mass where air converges at the surface,ascends and rotates in a clockwise direction is:
A)a low pressure cell in the Northern Hemisphere
B)a low pressure cell in the Southern Hemisphere
C)a high pressure cell in the Northern Hemisphere
D)a high pressure cell in the Southern Hemisphere
E)both a low pressure cell in the Southern Hemisphere or a a high pressure cell in the Northern Hemisphere
Q2) Using annotated diagrams,explain the passage of a parcel of air in a center of low pressure and a center of high pressure
Q3) When looking at a weather map of isobars,where would you find the highest wind speed:
A)near the equator
B)where the isobars are closer together
C)where the isobars are farthest apart
D)at the center of high pressure
E)along the coast
Q4) Using an annotated diagram,describe the bands of pressures and winds on an ideal Earth.
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Chapter 6: Weather Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tornadoes form as part of stratus clouds traveling in advance of a cold front.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Using satellite images from the Internet,describe the changes noticeable in the progression of a hurricane.How do different satellite sensors reveal different aspects of the hurricane?
Q3) The cold front overtakes the warm front during which of the following stages in the development of a wave cyclone?
A)early stage
B)open stage
C)closed stage
D)occluded
E)dissolving stage
Q4) Using a current weather map (either from a newspaper or the Internet)identify the wave cyclones and their current stage of development.
Q5) Explain the difference between mP and mT air masses.
Q6) Describe the factors responsible for the transport of heat and moisture from equatorial to polar regions.
Q7) Describe the development of wave cyclones.
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Chapter 7: Global Climates
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Sample Questions
Q1) The subhumid regions located equator-ward of the poles on an idealized supercontinent represent the location of which feature?
A)The Intertropical Convergence Zone
B)The Subtropical High
C)The Doldrums
D)The Trade Winds
E)The Mid-latitude westerlies
Q2) Orographic precipitation occurs on mountainous coasts exposed to moist trade winds or frequent cyclonic storms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following pairs of variables are most important in defining the climate of a region?
A)Wind speeds and temperature
B)Air pressure and temperature
C)Rainfall and temperature
D)Air pressure and rainfall
E)Wind speeds and rainfall
Q4) Explain the Koeppen Climate Classification System.
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Chapter 8: Biogeographic Processes
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117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following processes does not remove oxygen from the atmosphere?
A)sedimentation of mineral carbonates
B)respiration
C)combustion
D)mineral oxidation
E)all of the above processes remove oxygen
Q2) A subdivision of the environment according to the needs and preferences of organisms or groups of organisms is referred to as a/an:
A)sere
B)bioclimatic frontier
C)habitat
D)niche
E)disjunction
Q3) Which of the following climate types would generally have the lowest levels of primary productivity?
A)dry tropical semi-arid
B)wet-dry tropical
C)Mediterranean
D)boreal forest
E)moist continental
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Chapter 9: Global Biogeography
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Sample Questions
Q1) A plant that lacks a woody stem,is small in size and is fairly tender would be best described as a:
A)perennial
B)herb
C)annual
D)liana
E)tree
Q2) The laurel forests of the southeastern US may be classified as which of the following forest types?
A)low-latitude rainforest
B)subtropical evergreen forest
C)mid-latitude deciduous forest
D)needleleaf forest
E)coastal needleleaf forest
Q3) Which of the following biomes is characterized by xerophytes?
A)forest
B)tundra
C)savanna
D)desert
E)monsoon
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Chapter 10: Global Soils
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ are quite closely related to the Oxisols in outward appearance and environment of origin.But lacking in mineral content and high in clay.
A)Spodosols
B)Ultisols
C)Mollisols
D)Aridisols
E)Andisols
Q2) The epipedon and a subsurface horizon formed by the accumulation or removal of matter are referred to as the diagnostic horizons.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe and explain the problems associated with agricultural irrigation of aridisols.What safeguards are necessary to prevent damage to the soil.
Q4) Argillic horizons are characteristic of oxisols,alfisols and mollisols.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the major factors in soil and soil development,and explain their differing role in a selection of soil orders.
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Chapter 11: Earth Materials
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111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using an annotated diagram describe the components of the lithosphere.
Q2) What are the two sources of energy that drive the rock cycle?
A)solar radiation and the force of gravity
B)the carbon cycle and the force of gravity
C)the hydrological cycle and the carbon cycle
D)solar radiation and radiogenic heat
E)the force of gravity and the hydrological cycle
Q3) Which of the following statements best describes mafic rocks?
A)high in calcium and iron
B)high in magnesium and iron
C)high in magnesium and feldspar
D)high in feldspar and calcium
E)high in feldspar and silica
Q4) Comparatively inactive regions of very old continental rocks are referred to as:
A)continental shields
B)suspect terrains
C)alpine chains
D)mountain arcs
E)orogenic belts
Q5) Compare and contrast the different types of sedimentary rocks.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Volcanic and Tectonic Landforms
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101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fault scarp results from which of the following types of faults?
A)reverse
B)overthrust
C)transcurrent
D)strike-slip
E)normal
Q2) The location inside the earth where an earthquake originates is termed its ________________.
A)focus
B)orogeny
C)epicenter
D)face
E)mineralogic substrate
Q3) Batholiths of basalt composition are a major ingredient in the mosaic of ancient rocks comprising the continental shields.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe and explain the formation and impact of tsunamis
Q5) Describe and explain the formation and development of a monadnock
Q6) Using annotated diagrams,compare and contrast the different types of fault
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Weathering and Mass Wasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fractures in rocks where there is no relative movement are referred to as
A)talus
B)faults
C)joints
D)blocks
E)scree
Q2) The term "slope" designates a small strip or patch of the land surface that is inclined.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Using either a recent example from the news or a historic case study,describe the events that lead up to and occur during a landslide.
Q4) Removal of the surface layer of soil and vegetation in periglacial regions results in thermal erosion and thermokarst.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Using an annotated diagram,describe a vegetation slope and the factors that might contribute to mass wasting.
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Chapter 14: Fresh Water of the Continents
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Sample Questions
Q1) The accumulation of excess nutrients that stimulate freshwater plant growth may lead to which of the following processes?
A)salinization
B)acidification
C)eutrophication
D)subsidence
E)sublimation
Q2) What are exotic rivers?
A)Rivers that contain such a broad array of pollutants that they no longer function in the way they would under natural conditions.
B)Rivers that cross urbanized areas and so are considerably changed from their natural state.
C)Rivers that cross a variety of terrains including changes in vegetation and elevation
D)Rivers that do not flow all year round and that may remain dry for possibly many years
E)Rivers that flow through arid regions although the source of their water derives from regions with a water surplus
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Chapter 15: Landforms Made by Running Water
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gullies are the eventual result of which of the following erosion processes?
A)sediment yeild
B)splash erosion
C)sheet erosion
D)rill erosion
E)stream erosion
Q2) Describe and explain the erosional and depositional processes associated with slope erosion
Q3) Using examples from your local region,describe the development of waterfalls or lakes and their role in the landscape and in human activities.
Q4) Alluvial terraces form due to which of the following factors?
A)alluvium is deposited at different stages during gradation and so naturally occur as terraces
B)obstacles prevent the river from cutting away all of the deposited alluvium
C)overbank flooding carries debris to the outer edges of the valley so depositing the terraces
D)overbank flooding carries debris and deposits it adjacent to the river channel
E)uplift of the river channel that further entrenches meanders
Q5) Using an annotated diagram,describe the progression of stream gradation.
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Chapter 16: Landforms Made by Waves and Wind
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The vertical difference between high and low tide is referred to as the ____________.
A)high water mark
B)tidal range
C)tidal rise
D)low water mark
E)tidal gauge
Q2) A ___________ coast forms when clay,silt,and sand are deposited by distributaries flowing into standing water.
A)delta
B)ria
C)marine terrace
D)fault
E)barrier island
Q3) The potential for future significant sea level rise is a current topic of discussion.Describe the effects of such a sea level rise upon the coastal landforms you have learned about.
Q4) Using an annotated diagram describe the features in a barchan dune.
Q5) Compare and contrast the characteristics and formation of the different types of sand dune
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Chapter 17: Glacier Landforms and the Ice Age
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Sample Questions
Q1) The last glaciation reached its furthest extent over North America around _________ years ago.
A)25,000
B)18,000
C)15,000
D)1,000
E)500
Q2) The uppermost layer of a glacier is brittle,but beneath the ice behaves as a plastic substance and moves by slow flowage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The astronomical hypothesis proposed by Milankovitch suggests that cycles in axial rotation and solar revolution has a period of around 20,000 years.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the formation of a glacial trough and the formation of associated hanging valleys.
Q5) Compare and contrast the movement and characteristics of alpine glaciers and continental ice sheets.
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