Environmental Science Test Bank - 954 Verified Questions

Environmental Science Test

Bank

Course Introduction

Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary field that explores the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, with a focus on understanding how human activities impact natural systems. The course examines topics such as ecological principles, energy flow, resource management, pollution, climate change, and biodiversity. Students learn to analyze environmental problems, evaluate solutions, and consider the roles of policy, technology, and ethical decision-making in promoting a sustainable future. Through lectures, discussions, and laboratory work, the course fosters a comprehensive understanding of environmental processes and the skills needed to address contemporary environmental challenges.

Recommended Textbook

The Physical Universe 13th Edition by Konrad Krauskopf

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Chapter 1: The Scientific Method

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Sample Questions

Q1) The period of the earth's orbit around the sun is

A)one day.

B)one week.

C)one month.

D)one year.

Answer: D

Q2) Gravity is not

A)a fundamental force.

B)responsible for holding the moon in orbit around the earth.

C)responsible for holding atoms and molecules together.

D)active throughout the universe.

Answer: C

Q3) The time at which a given star rises above the horizon each night is

A)earlier than the night before.

B)the same as the night before.

C)later than the night before.

D)Any of the choices, depending on which star is involved.

Answer: A

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3

Chapter 2: Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) The acceleration of gravity on the surface of Mars is 3.7 m/s².Compared with his or her mass and weight on Earth, an astronaut on Mars has

A)less mass and less weight.

B)less mass and more weight.

C)the same mass and less weight.

D)less mass and the same weight.

Answer: C

Q2) A car starts from rest and reaches a speed of 12 m/s in 20 s.Its acceleration is

A)0.6 m/s².

B)4 m/s².

C)6 m/s².

D)240 m/s².

Answer: A

Q3) As a spacecraft moves upward, A)its mass decreases.

B)its mass increases.

C)its weight decreases.

D)its weight increases.

Answer: C

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Page 4

Chapter 3: Energy

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Sample Questions

Q1) According to the general theory of relativity, gravitation

A)acts only on moving bodies.

B)is really a general acceleration of the universe.

C)is a distortion in space-time.

D)is the same as in Newton's theory but is to be interpreted differently.

Answer: C

Q2) A 1-N weight has a PE relative to the ground of 1 J when it is at a height of

A)10.2 cm.

B)1 m.

C)9.8 m.

D)98 m.

Answer: B

Q3) Which of the following quantities is always the same to all observers?

A)time intervals

B)the speed of an object

C)the speed of sound

D)the speed of light

Answer: D

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Chapter 4: Energy and the Future

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Sample Questions

Q1) The world's fastest-growing source of clean energy is A)wind.

B)geothermal.

C)hydropower.

D)solar.

Q2) Of the following energy sources, the one most likely to run out of reserves first is A)coal.

B)oil.

C)natural gas.

D)nuclear.

Q3) Arrange these fuels in increasing order of energy given off per gram when they are burned. 1.gasoline

2)hydrogen

3)coal

4)ethanol

A) 4, 3, 1, 2

B) 2, 1, 3, 4

C) 1, 2, 3, 4

D) 3, 1, 2, 4

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Page 6

Chapter 5: Matter and Heat

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Sample Questions

Q1) The density of air is 1.3 kg/m³.The air in a room 5 m long, 4 m wide, and 2.5 m high has a mass of

A)0.26 kg.

B)6.5 kg.

C)38 kg.

D)65 kg.

Q2) At which of the following Celsius temperatures will a Fahrenheit thermometer show the same reading in degrees?

A)-40^\(\circ\)C

B)0^\(\circ\)C

C)32^\(\circ\)C

D)40^\(\circ\)C

Q3) The density of brass is 8 * 10³ kg/m³.The volume occupied by 320 g of brass is

A)0.038 cm³.

B)3.2 cm³.

C)38 cm³.

D)380 cm³.

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Chapter 6: Electricity and Magnetism

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Sample Questions

Q1) Superconductors

A)have no electrical resistance.

B)have very little electrical resistance.

C)are used in making transistors.

D)have no practical applications.

Q2) Relative to the electric force between two protons, the gravitational force between them is

A)weaker.

B)equal in magnitude.

C)stronger.

D)Any of these choices could be correct, depending on how far apart the protons are.

Q3) When a rubber rod is stroked with a piece of fur,

A)the rod becomes negatively charged while the fur remains neutral.

B)both the rod and fur become negatively charged.

C)the rod becomes negatively charged and the fur becomes positively charged.

D)Any of these choices could be correct, depending on how hard the rod is stroked.

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8

Chapter 7: Waves

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Sample Questions

Q1) A frequency that is not an overtone of the fundamental frequency F is A)F/2.

B)2F.

C)3F.

D)4F.

Q2) The setting sun appears red because its light is A)refracted.

B)reflected.

C)diffracted.

D)scattered.

Q3) Of the following kinds of waves, the ones that cannot travel through a vacuum are A)X-rays.

B)radio waves.

C)light waves.

D)sound waves.

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Page 9

Chapter 8: The Nucleus

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Sample Questions

Q1) The interaction responsible for the structure of atoms, molecules, liquids, and solids is the

A)gravitational interaction.

B)strong interaction.

C)weak interaction.

D)electromagnetic interaction.

Q2) Most known nuclides

A)are stable.

B)are radioactive.

C)can undergo fission.

D)have more nuclear mass than the total mass of their constituent nucleons.

Q3) Slightly enriched uranium can be the energy source of which one or more of the following?

A)nuclear fission reactors

B)nuclear fusion reactors

C)nuclear weapons

D)X-rays

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Chapter 9: The Atom

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Sample Questions

Q1) An X-ray photon has an energy of 3.3 * 10¹⁵ J and Planck's constant is

6.6 * 10^-34 J·s.The frequency that corresponds to this energy is

A)3.3 * 10^-50 Hz.

B)3 * 10^-19 Hz.

C)3.3 * 10¹⁸ Hz.

D)3.3 * 10²⁰ Hz.

Q2) The bright-line spectrum produced by the excited atoms of an element contains wavelengths that are

A)the same for all elements.

B)characteristic of the particular element.

C)evenly distributed throughout the entire visible spectrum.

D)different from the wavelengths in its dark-line spectrum.

Q3) If Planck's constant were larger than it is,

A)moving bodies would have longer wavelengths.

B)moving bodies would have smaller energies.

C)moving bodies would have higher speeds.

D)the uncertainty principle would be more significant.

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Chapter 10: The Periodic Law

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Sample Questions

Q1) The number of H₂O molecules needed to react with 1 atom of Be to form H₂ and Ba(OH)₂ is

A)1.

B)2.

C)4.

D)8.

Q2) The name of the compound Ca₃N₂ is

A)calcium nitride.

B)calcium nitrate.

C)calcium nitrite.

D)calcium trinitride.

Q3) Which one or more of the following equations is (are) balanced?

A)PCl₂ + 4H₂O \(\rarr\)H₃PO₄ + 5HCl B)6H₂O + 6CO₂ \(\rarr\)C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

C)C₇H₁₆ + 11O₂ \(\rarr\)7CO₂ + 8H₂O

D)Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂ \(\rarr\) 3Fe + 4H₂O

E)Both B, C and D

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Page 12

Chapter 11: Crystals, Ions, and Solutions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following would you expect to be a strong electrolyte in solution?

A)NaCl

B)AgCl

C)acetic acid

D)soap

Q2) Which of the following has the highest pH?

A)pure water

B)concentrated sugar solution

C)concentrated sodium hydroxide solution

D)gastric fluid

Q3) Glass is

A)amorphous.

B)crystalline.

C)covalent.

D)polar.

Q4) Which of the following has the lowest pH?

A)pure water

B)concentrated sugar solution

C)concentrated sodium hydroxide solution

D)gastric fluid

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Chapter 12: Chemical Reactions

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Sample Questions

Q1) For a reaction that takes place near room temperature, an increase of 10^\(\circ\)C

A)has almost no effect on the reaction speed.

B)increases the reaction speed by about 10%.

C)increases the reaction speed by about 50%.

D)approximately doubles the reaction speed.

Q2) The number of calcium atoms in 1 mole of calcium is A)40.

B)1.5 * 10²².

C)3 * 10²².

D)6 * 10²³.

Q3) An oxide decomposed by heating will give A)oxygen and another element.

B)CO₂ and water.

C)oxygen ions and metal ions.

D)a metal and water.

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14

Chapter 13: Organic Chemistry

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Sample Questions

Q1) Amino acids are the basic units of A)carbohydrates.

B)proteins.

C)lipids.

D)nucleic acids.

Q2) Methane is not A)a hydrocarbon.

B)an alkane.

C)present in natural gas.

D)present in gasoline.

Q3) The average efficiency of photosynthesis in utilizing solar energy is A)1 percent.

B)20 percent.

C)50 percent.

D)90 percent.

Q4) In comparison with organic compounds in general, most inorganic compounds

A)are less soluble in water.

B)are more stable when heated.

C)are more likely to contain carbon.

D)react more slowly.

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Chapter 14: Atmosphere and Hydrosphere

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Sample Questions

Q1) Temperature differences between summer and winter are greatest

A)on the western edges of continents.

B)on the eastern edges of continents.

C)in continental interiors.

D)in oceanic islands such as Hawaii and the Azores.

Q2) The lower the temperature of a volume of air, the A)more water vapor it can hold.

B)less water vapor it can hold.

C)greater its possible relative humidity.

D)lower its possible relative humidity.

Q3) If the earth's axis were less tilted than it is today, the difference between the average temperatures of winter and summer would A)decrease.

B)be unchanged.

C)increase.

D)Any of these choices could be correct, depending on the location.

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Chapter 15: The Rock Cycle

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Sample Questions

Q1) Feldspar is

A)relatively rare in the earth's crust.

B)the most abundant mineral in the earth's crust.

C)composed of calcium carbonate.

D)composed of silicon dioxide.

Q2) An earthquake occurs far from an observing station.

A)The last waves to arrive are P waves.

B)The last waves to arrive are S waves.

C)The last waves to arrive are surface waves.

D)All the waves arrive at the same time.

Q3) The number of volcanoes active today is about

A)50.

B)500.

C)50,000.

D)500,000.

Q4) An aquifer is

A)a river or stream on the surface.

B)an underground stream.

C)a water table.

D)a body of porous rock that contains groundwater.

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Chapter 16: The Evolving Earth

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Sample Questions

Q1) The shell of rigid rock that makes up the earth's crust and the outer part of the mantle is called the A)lithosphere.

B)asthenosphere.

C)thermosphere.

D)subduction zone.

Q2) The magnetizations of ocean-floor rocks alternate in direction in strips

A)parallel to adjacent midocean ridges.

B)perpendicular to adjacent midocean ridges.

C)parallel to adjacent continental margins.

D)perpendicular to adjacent continental margins.

Q3) A fractured surface in the earth's crust, one side of which has moved relative to the other, is called a A)fault.

B)fault scarp.

C)sill.

D)dike.

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Chapter 17: The Solar System

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Sample Questions

Q1) Compared to the inner planets, the outer planets

A)are denser.

B)rotate more rapidly on their axes.

C)have lower escape speeds.

D)contain relatively less matter in gaseous form.

Q2) The surface of Jupiter's satellite Europa may be covered by A)vegetation.

B)metallic hydrogen.

C)the highest volcanoes in the solar system.

D)a layer of water ice floating on liquid water.

Q3) Meteor showers occur

A)at the same times each year.

B)at random times.

C)in connection with solar eclipses.

D)in connection with lunar eclipses.

Q4) Comet tails

A)are longest near the sun.

B)are shortest near the sun.

C)are of constant length.

D)point away from their direction of motion.

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Chapter 18: The Stars

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Sample Questions

Q1) The temperature of a star directly affects its A)mass.

B)color.

C)composition.

D)age.

Q2) Stars whose intrinsic brightness and period of variation are related are called A)pulsars.

B)Cepheid variables.

C)main-sequence stars.

D)red giants.

Q3) Streams of protons and electrons from the sun do not affect A)auroras.

B)the airglow of the night sky.

C)comet heads.

D)comet tails.

Q4) What keeps light from escaping from a black hole is its A)strong electric field.

B)strong magnetic field.

C)strong gravitational field.

D)absorbing atmosphere.

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Chapter 19: Universe

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Sample Questions

Q1) All spiral galaxies apparently

A)are rotating.

B)are contracting.

C)are expanding.

D)consist entirely of Population II stars.

Q2) Communications with planets outside the solar system are most likely to be achieved using

A)spacecraft of the kind that went to the moon.

B)spacecraft that travel with the speed of light.

C)spacecraft that travel faster than light.

D)radio waves.

Q3) Compared with the Population I stars in the disk of our galaxy, the Population II stars in the globular clusters around it are

A)younger.

B)about the same age.

C)older.

D)Any of these choices are correct.

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