Course Introduction
Environmental Science Exam Practice Tests
Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary field that examines the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment. The course explores key concepts such as ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, energy flow, environmental policy, and sustainable resource management. Students will analyze the impact of human activities on natural systems, investigate solutions to environmental problems like pollution and climate change, and learn about methods for environmental monitoring and assessment. Through lectures, case studies, and hands-on projects, learners develop critical thinking skills and a comprehensive understanding of how to address current and future environmental challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Environmental Geology 10th Edition by Carla
W Montgomery
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20 Chapters
1006 Verified Questions
1006 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Planet and Population: An Overview
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48 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The maximum population of a species that an ecosystem can sustain is called
A) Carrying capacity.
B) Limiting capacity.
C) Maximum limiting population.
D) Maximum sustaining population.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following aspects of human interaction with earth is not true
A) Human activity has caused some species to become extinct.
B) Humans have the ability to eradicate entire rain forests.
C) Humans are able to correct some of their environmental mistakes.
D) Humans have the ability to alter plate tectonics.
Answer: D
Q3) The planets
A) Formed from the same cloud of gas and dust as the sun.
B) Formed in different places in space and were drawn to the sun by gravity.
C) Formed billions of years after the sun.
D) Were ejected from the sun as molten matter early in its history.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Rocks and Minerals-A First Look
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Sample Questions
Q1) Foliation is a texture that is referred for metamorphic rocks.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Rocks that are formed by the crystallization of new minerals in the solid state (i.e.without melting)due to heat and/or pressure are
A) Igneous.
B) Sedimentary.
C) Ultramafic.
D) Metamorphic.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is an igneous rock?
A) Salt
B) Limestone
C) Granite
D) Gneiss
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Plate Tectonics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The physical properties of a rock are determined only by grain shapes and sizes and are independent of the kinds of minerals making up the rock.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The best explanation for the distribution of Glossopteris and Mesosaurus is that they lived when continents on which their fossils are now found were once connected then later were rifted and drifted apart.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Plate tectonics are unrelated to the rock cycle and,in fact,has made the rock-cycle concept obsolete.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Earthquakes
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Sample Questions
Q1) P waves can travel through solids only; S waves can travel through both liquids and solids.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Evidence of liquefaction includes
A) Tsunamis.
B) Sand boils.
C) Surface waves.
D) Fault scarps.
Q3) An earthquake's epicenter is
A) The point of first break along the fault.
B) The line along which the fault moved.
C) The point on the earth's surface directly above the focus.
D) The point on the far side of the earth, directly opposite the earthquake.
Q4) S-waves
A) Are shear waves that move more slowly than P-waves.
B) Are first to arrive at seismic monitoring stations.
C) Are more destructive than surface waves.
D) Both b and c are correct.
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Chapter 5: Volcanoes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A caldera is
A) A topographically low area that results from the collapse of a volcano after its magma chamber empties or removal of the top of a volcano during an explosive eruption.
B) An alternate name for boiling mud pots in thermally active areas.
C) Not associated with andesitic or rhyolitic volcanism, but only with basaltic volcanism.
D) Only preserved for short periods of time, so that ancient calderas do not exist.
Q2) A major concern about possible future eruptions of Mount Rainier is the potential for mudflow damage to nearby cities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Volcanic ash from recent eruptions of Aleutian volcanoes has posed a threat to air travel.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Streams and Flooding
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Sample Questions
Q1) Concern about floods is such that accurate flood-hazard maps are now available for all streams in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A depositional feature formed when a fast-flowing stream joins a slower one or a mountain stream flows out into a plain is
A) An oxbow.
B) A meander.
C) A floodplain.
D) An alluvial fan.
Q3) The term "flood-frequency curve",though in common use,may be misleading in that it implies that floods of certain sizes recur at regular intervals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A cut-off meander is also known as
A) A drainage basin.
B) An oxbow.
C) A floodplain.
D) A delta.
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Chapter 7: Coastal Zones and Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) An active continental margin is one at which many major storms with high storm surges occur.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Causes of shifts in relative elevation of land and sea along a coast include
A) Tectonic movements.
B) Glacial loading.
C) Melting of ice caps.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Q3) The periodic fall and rise in levels of water as a result of gravitational force of the sun and moon would result in
A) Surges.
B) Currents.
C) Waves.
D) Tides.
Q4) Salt water may contribute to rapid erosion,and thereby,result in breakup of rocky cliffs through chemical reaction with the rocks.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Mass Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) The removal of vegetation always makes soil-covered slopes more stable because it removes excess weight.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mass wasting threatens only property,not lives,because it occurs so slowly.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mass movements owing to downslope pull is called
A) Shear strength.
B) Shear pull.
C) Shear power.
D) Shear stress.
Q4) Debris flows
A) May move rapidly and transport rock materials of greatly different size.
B) Are common in semi-arid regions.
C) Are not fluids in their behavior, but are dry flows of material.
D) Both may move rapidly and transport rock materials of greatly different size and are common in semi-arid regions are correct.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Ice and Glaciers,wind and Deserts
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Sample Questions
Q1) A relatively small and localized wind vortex commonly observed in more arid climates is
A) A mini-tornado.
B) A dust devil.
C) A zephyr.
D) A nor'easter.
Q2) The steeper sloping side (leeward side)of the dune is called stoss and the gentler sloping side (windward side)of the dune is called slip face.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Effects of ice ages are confined to regions directly covered by ice; global climate is unaffected and areas away from the glaciers preserve their usual temperature and moisture patterns.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Desert pavement is the barren,sandy dune surface common in deserts.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Climate-Past, present, and Future
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Sample Questions
Q1) The limited resolution of global climate models makes it difficult to project small-scale,local climatic variations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) This gas is a more efficient greenhouse gas in comparison to carbon dioxide,but it has a far lesser presence in earth's atmosphere
A) Water vapor.
B) Methane.
C) Carbon monoxide.
D) Ozone.
Q3) Uncertainty in projecting probable greenhouse-effect heating arises from uncertainty about
A) The effects of gases other than CO<sub>2.</sub>
B) Projected global cloud cover as temperatures change.
C) The relationship between CO<sub>2</sub> produced and resultant atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels.
D) All of the choices are correct.
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Chapter 11: Ground Water and Water Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) The zone of saturation is also commonly referred to as A) Aeration zone.
B) Phreatic zone.
C) Aphreatic zone.
D) Vadose zone.
Q2) By definition,the water table never extends above the ground surface.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Recharge basins are most often built in areas of abundant surface water,to keep lakes and ponds from overflowing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Groundwater flow is best explained by A) Newton's law.
B) Ohm's law.
C) Archimedes' principle.
D) Darcy's law.
Q5) A perched water table is a highly desirable and reliable source of ground water. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Weathering, erosion, and Soil Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factor is a contributor to soil erosion?
A) Burrowing animals
B) Rain
C) Wind
D) All the choices are correct.
Q2) Soil erosion from farmland can be reduced by all of the following methods except
A) Contour plowing.
B) Terracing of fields.
C) Complete clearing of fields after harvest.
D) Use of windbreaks.
Q3) The U.S.Department of Agriculture has become increasingly concerned about soil erosion,because expansion of agricultural activities between 1982 and 1992 resulted in sharp increases in rates of soil erosion loss from farmland.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The presence of iron in a soil may give it a yellow or red color from iron oxides.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Mineral and Rock Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States,we use many times greater amounts of rock resources,like sand and gravel,than we do of metals like iron and copper.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are mined from evaporite deposits except
A) Halite.
B) Gypsum.
C) Phosphates.
D) Quartz.
Q3) Recycling of steel is relatively difficult because alloys of specific composition may be required for specific applications.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A problem with substituting plastics for metals,to conserve the metals is that many plastics are made from our limited supply of oil.
A)True
B)False
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15
Chapter 14: Energy Resources-Fossil Fuels
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ash that is produced as a result of burning of coal contains nontoxic metals and silicate minerals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One approach to cleaning up oil spills may be to use microorganisms that "eat" oil.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Once an oil spill occurs,it persists,virtually unchanged,for months.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The highest grade of coal,in terms of heat value per unit weight is A) Peat.
B) Anthracite.
C) Lignite.
D) Bituminous.
Q5) It is easier to estimate coal reserves than oil reserves because coal is solid and does not migrate.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Energy Resources-Alternative Sources
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Sample Questions
Q1) The principal objection to nuclear fission power is that projected risks of deaths associated with normal operation of fission-powered plants are far higher than for any of the fossil fuels.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Worldwide,nations are dismantling their nuclear-fission plants because of the high levels of pollution they produce and concerns about resultant climate change.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A limitation on the use of hydropower is that it is subject to reduction or interruption during periods of unusually prolonged drought.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The process by which large nuclei are split into smaller ones is called nuclear
A) Fission.
B) Fusion.
C) Breeding.
D) Cracking.
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Chapter 16: Waste Disposal
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Sample Questions
Q1) Advantages of radioactive-waste disposal in bedded salt deposits include all of the following except
A) The fact that salt will flow plastically and self-seal under pressure.
B) The high melting temperature of salt, which helps contain heat-producing wastes.
C) The abundance of available abandoned salt mines.
D) Salt blocks radiation from radioactive decay.
Q2) A leaching field is the area around a landfill into which leachate percolates.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Chlorination of some drinking water,if carelessly done,can lead to production of small quantities of toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Recycled plastic is mixed with sawdust to make a product known as composite lumber.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Water Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen is this type of decay.
A) Aerobic
B) Anaerobic
C) Biochemical
D) Eutrophic
Q2) Pollution of surface water has nothing to do with pollution of groundwater.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In water,the organic matter load is explained by the
A) Biological oxygen demand.
B) Biophysical oxygen demand.
C) Biometric oxygen demand.
D) Biochemical oxygen demand.
Q4) An oxygen sag curve describes how oxygen in a body of water is consumed by organisms,such as fish.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Air Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thermal inversion is independent of topographic or geographic locations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The atmospheric residence times of inert gases,such as helium and argon,
A) Are quite short, as these gases are removed by precipitation.
B) Are strongly controlled by human activities.
C) Have virtually infinite residence times.
D) Cannot be estimated because their natural cycles are complex.
Q3) All rain is naturally somewhat acidic; "acid rain" is simply more strongly acidic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The gas that is produced when oxygen is less and as a result of the incomplete combustions materials bearing carbon is
A) Water vapor.
B) Carbon dioxide.
C) Carbon monoxide.
D) All the choices are correct.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Environmental Law and Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The usefulness of many environmental impact statements is limited because
A) The tendency is toward very short statements that fail to provide much information to the public.
B) The law requires that cost-benefit analysis be excluded from an environmental impact statement.
C) The preparers, often affiliated with the agency proposing the action, may not be completely objective.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Q2) The Kyoto Protocol includes penalties and/or provisions for enforcement when one falis to meet their obligations thereby achieving practical effectiveness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Emissions of CFCs worldwide have been sharply reduced and atmospheric concentrations have likewise dropped considerably from their peak levels.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Land-Use Planning and Engineering Geology
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Sample Questions
Q1) One after the other,if the land is used for two or more different purposes then the type of useage is defined as
A) Sequential use.
B) Multiple use.
C) Conservation.
D) Restrictive zoning.
Q2) Engineers of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline had to take into account all of the following except
A) Earthquakes.
B) Tornados.
C) The need to cross hundreds of streams.
D) Permafrost.
Q3) One of the limitations of using maps is the factor of scale.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Scale modeling allows simulation of natural disasters to test the response of structures to the associated stresses.
A)True
B)False
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