Environmental Psychology
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Environmental Psychology explores the dynamic relationship between humans and their physical surroundings, investigating how natural and built environments influence behavior, well-being, and social interaction. This course examines key concepts such as place attachment, environmental perception, and wayfinding, and covers topics like the psychological impact of climate change, urban design, crowding, noise, and restorative environments. Through an interdisciplinary approach, students learn how psychological theories inform sustainable design, policymaking, and interventions aimed at promoting healthy and adaptive human-environment interactions.
Recommended Textbook
Applied Social Psychology 3rd Edition by Jamie A. Gruman
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17 Chapters
989 Verified Questions
989 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Defining the Field of Applied Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In having boys work toward superordinate goals,Sherif (1966)was concerned primarily with which goal of science?
A) improving quality of life
B) control
C) determination of cause
D) explanation
Answer: B
Q2) Myers,Spencer,and Jordon (2009)affirm that "the great truth about the power of social influence is but half the truth if separated from its complementary truth: the power of ______."
A) biological and genetic scripts
B) cultural imperatives
C) the person
D) the human drive to resist influence
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Social Psychological Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Testability refers to the idea that a good theory is capable of being ______.
A) studied
B) quantified
C) disproved
D) published
Answer: C
Q2) One area where the theory of planned behavior has provided ample direction is behaviors related to health and safety.Using the specific health-enhancing behavior of exercise,explain how the four core features of the theory of planned behavior would be applied to explain someone's decision to exercise.
Answer: Subjective Norms Everyone thinks I should exercise on a regular basis.
Perceived Behavioral Control I have the ability to start and maintain an exercise regime. Attitude Consistent exercise is good for my physical and psychological health. Behavioral Intention I will start exercising.
Attempt the behavior I will go for a run and eventually join a running group.
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4
Chapter 3: Research Methods in Applied Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) As discussed in the text,decisions concerning how to conduct research in applied social psychology are made on the basis of three research dimensions: method of data collection,method of statistical analysis,and research question.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) With respect to qualitative research methods,which is NOT true?
A) Qualitative methods are less frequently used by applied social psychologists than are quantitative methods.
B) Narrative research involves a process of collecting stories and then restorying in order to discern the commonality of people's experiences with an event.
C) To investigate the culture of a group, the most suitable method is an ethnographic study.
D) The qualitative research method that is most pertinent to the development of social psychological theory is called grounded theory.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Intervention and Evaluation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true of the eating disorder program designed by Stice and his colleagues (e.g.,Stice et al.,2008)?
A) Participants were young women who met the criteria of having some form of eating disorder.
B) The program activities focused on undermining the thin ideal.
C) The key program activities involved exposure to persuasive messages (e.g., presented by live and video role models).
D) The program activities endorsed the beauty aspect of the thin ideal.
Q2) What is NOT characteristic of the intervention carried out at Northern Illinois University designed to curb drinking?
A) The main program activity was a print media campaign.
B) The program designers chose to have educators and student leaders identified with the message in order to enhance message credibility.
C) A program activity involved rewarding students who remembered the message.
D) The intervention was carried out for more than 10 years.
Q3) List three possible reasons why some interventions may prove to be ineffective.
Q4) Name the two broad types of interventions,and distinguish between them.
Q5) Name and describe the two main types of program evaluation.
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Chapter 5: Applying Social Psychology to Clinical and Counseling Psychology
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Q1) Research on reducing biases in clinical diagnoses has shown that specialized training
A) has no appreciable effect on reducing biases because they are rooted in basic social-cognitive processes
B) can be effective in reducing biases
C) must be delivered by a trained clinical professional to be effective D) only works for minority group members
Q2) Depression may be caused when one explains negative events by making attributions that are ______ and ______.
A) stable; global
B) internal; unstable
C) unstable; specific
D) external; unstable
Q3) Outlined in the text are two popular types of errors made in clinical decision making,false negative and false positive.Distinguish between both.
Q4) Clinicians are sometimes influenced or biased based on group stereotypes.Name and describe three factors that may influence a clinician's judgment of others.
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Chapter 6: Applying Social Psychology to Sports Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT an aspect of effective goal setting?
A) setting specific goals in order to reduce ambiguity
B) setting realistic goals so that they are viewed as achievable
C) setting challenging goals so that effort is exerted
D) setting general goals to maintain motivation
Q2) Research suggests that social cohesion may be more important than task cohesion with respect to team performance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Saying that team cohesion is instrumental means that teams
A) enlist players with different sets of skills
B) have goals and objectives
C) are meaningful to the players and coaches
D) teach players how to play the trumpet
Q4) As it relates to the social understanding of teams,another term for the notion of team confidence is collective efficacy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Applying Social Psychology to the Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true?
A) Research has found that traditional media has a stronger influence on agenda setting than does nontraditional media.
B) Research has found that nontraditional media has a stronger influence on agenda setting than does traditional media.
C) Research has found that traditional media and nontraditional media have the same influence on agenda setting.
D) Research has found that neither traditional media nor nontraditional media have an influence on agenda setting.
Q2) Identify five effects of long-term exposure to nonviolent pornography.
Q3) Government officials in a large,metropolitan city believe that curbing urban sprawl is of primary importance.The local newspapers,however,aren't covering this story.This short scenario only provides insight into the ______.
A) public agenda
B) policy agenda
C) media agenda
D) official agenda
Q4) The text describes two main types of frames.Describe both in detail.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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Q1) Research on the effectiveness of fear appeals suggests that inducing moderate levels of fear works better than inducing high levels of fear.According to the text,the explanation for this is that
A) people tune out high-fear messages
B) fear appeals have greater influence on intentions to behave than on actual behavior
C) fear appeals affect actual behavior
D) people tune out high-risk messages
Q2) One of the most notorious examples of misinformation being perpetuated on the Internet is the case of kind of Dr.Andrew Wakefield and his study published in the prestigious medical journal The Lancet in 1998.His study by that suggested
A) a possible association between the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine and the development of autism in children
B) a possible association between the measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine and the development of leukemia in children
C) a possible association between all vaccines and the development of Parkinson's disease in adults
D) a possible association between all vaccines and leukemia in children
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Applying Social Psychology to Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) The degree to which a student feels self-determined,the messages that he or she receives from others about what is important,and how the student ends up defining successful performance will influence the academic goals that he or she adopts.This is the basis of which theory?
A) achievement goal theory
B) self-determination theory
C) social comparison theory
D) theory of planned behavior
Q2) Vlad's class is learning about modes of transportation.He is in Group A and is responsible for learning about trains.Vlad leaves his group and joins students from other groups to learn about trains.After learning about trains,Vlad goes back to Group A and teaches them what he learned.This is an example of what cooperative learning method?
A) peer-assisted learning
B) academic social-networking technique
C) jigsaw classroom learning technique
D) interactive small-group achievement method
Q3) Differentiate between self-handicapping and procrastination.
Q4) Distinguish between bullying and cyberbullying,and list three negative effects of bullying.
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Chapter 10: Applying Social Psychology to Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study,conducted by Schulz-Hardt,Frey,Lüthgens,and Moscovici (2000),both individuals and groups were given a case study involving a chemical company that had to make the decision of whether or not to invest in a developing country.After making an initial decision,all participants were given a chance to receive additional pieces of information that either favored or opposed investment in the developing country.The results showed that
A) individuals but not groups demonstrated a clear preference for additional information that supported the initial decision they had made
B) groups but not individuals demonstrated a clear preference for additional information that supported the initial decision they had made
C) both individuals and groups demonstrated a clear preference for additional information that supported the initial decision they had made
D) both individuals and groups demonstrated a clear preference for additional information that opposed the initial decision they had made
Q2) As the text outlines,there are different approaches to understanding organizational communication.Describe two in detail.
Q3) Describe the persuasive argument theory.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Applying Social Psychology to the Criminal Justice System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Stay'n Out program
A) is designed for prisoners with substance abuse problems
B) consists of two stages: treatment and consolidation/re-entry
C) is designed for all prisoners to help them with their journey to rehabilitation
D) is designed for prisoners with lying problems
Q2) In the research by Dishion,Spracklen,Andrews,and Patterson (1996)on how the socialization process in a peer group takes place,which group(s)spent more time discussing normative topics than rule-breaking topics?
A) no delinquent group
B) no delinquent group and mixed group
C) no delinquent group and delinquent group
D) no delinquent group, mixed group, and delinquent group
Q3) Social psychological theories of criminal behavior attempt to explain crime in relation to various factors in society,such as social class,poverty,and social inequity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the general personality and social psychological model of criminal behavior.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Applying Social Psychology to the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain what is meant by social justice,and describe how community psychologists advocate for social justice through research.
Q2) Research by Russo and colleagues demonstrated that after women have abortions,they generally
A) immediately suffer from a condition known as postabortion trauma syndrome
B) suffer from postabortion trauma syndrome only after a period of time has elapsed
C) don't remember the experience
D) suffer no long-term ill effects to their well-being
Q3) Action research was developed by ______.
A) Stanley Milgram
B) Kurt Lewin
C) Fritz Heider
D) Leon Festinger
Q4) The text outlines nine values or approaches that are deemed important to community psychologists; list five of the nine values.
Q5) Describe community-based action research,and outline one challenge associated with this approach.
Q6) Explain what is meant by the term intersectionality.
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Chapter 13: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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Q1) Which is NOT one of the main categories of factors that have been found to influence cooperation in commons dilemmas?
A) nature and characteristics of the resource
B) concurrent influence of other environmental variables
C) social conditions or rules surrounding harvesting
D) characteristics of the people doing the harvesting
Q2) The theory that proposes that certain design features can increase residents' sense of security and decrease crime is known as ______ theory.
A) density bonusing
B) purposeful mobility
C) sociopetal induction
D) defensible space
Q3) The social dilemma is sometimes called the commons dilemma.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Alpha press refers to people's interpretation of external reality.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the defensible space theory.
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Chapter 14: Applying Social Psychology to Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stereotype threat refers to the fear or nervousness that results when individuals of an out-group use a negative stereotype about your in-group against you.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the research conducted by Swim and Hyers (1999),women were more likely to react verbally to sexist comments when other women were absent.Swim and Hyers explained this phenomenon by drawing upon which of the following social psychological concepts or theories?
A) attribution theory
B) social learning theory
C) diffusion of responsibility
D) priming effect
Q3) Differentiate between prejudice and discrimination.
Q4) Idiocentric is the term given to someone who will tend to do what is seen as best for the group,even if it means giving up personal goals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the theory of relative deprivation.
Q6) Describe two forms of conflict management.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Personal Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primacy effect refers to the tendency to be especially influenced by information that is presented last.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mathew never has met Brenda Sue but wants her to become attracted to him.Therefore,he begins to spend time in places that Brenda Sue frequents (e.g.,gym and coffee shop)and to take advantage of opportunities to engage in mutual eye contact.Mathew is applying ______,which he read about in his social psychology text. A) the primacy effect
B) the familiarity effect
C) environmental enrichment
D) the power of the person
Q3) Explain what is meant by social network approval,and describe its role in establishing a relationship.
Q4) The proximity effect refers to the tendency for physical and psychological nearness to increase interpersonal liking.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to the Classroom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sometimes instructors play the devil's advocate by introducing ideas they do not personally endorse.When this occurs,students may be especially vulnerable to ______.
A) the self-serving bias
B) belief perseverance
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) out-group bias
Q2) According to the principle of the self-serving bias,we have a tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to internal causes (e.g.,our traits or characteristics)but to attribute our negative outcomes to external causes (e.g.,chance or difficulty of a task).
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain what is meant by the overjustification effect.
Q4) Research on self-handicapping does NOT suggest that
A) men claim excuses for possible failure ahead of time
B) women claim excuses for possible failure ahead of time
C) men tend to engage in strategies that will impair their performance
D) women tend to engage in strategies that will impair their performance
Q5) Define belief perseverance.
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Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Good Life: Balancing Optimism and Pessimism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true?
A) Pathway thinking is when the individual knows the single best route to reach the desired goal.
B) Agency thinking entails a combination of two factors: strong willpower, on the one hand, and strong commitment to achieve the desired goal, on the other hand.
C) People who score above average on both pathway thinking and agency thinking are said to have low levels of hope.
D) People who score high on agency thinking are very strongly committed to achieving goals that they see as being important.
Q2) The authors of Chapter 17 ("Applying Social Psychology to the Good Life")emphasize which two concepts,in particular,as central to understanding the roles of optimism and pessimism in people's lives?
A) goal-related thinking and self-fulfilling prophecy
B) outcome expectancies and self-fulfilling prophecy
C) outcome expectancies and goal-directed thinking
D) goal-directed thinking and goal-directed behavior
Q3) Describe,in detail,what is meant by balance as tempered view and balance as contextual sensitivity.
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