Environmental Policy Final
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Environmental Policy explores the development, implementation, and analysis of policies aimed at managing human impacts on the environment. The course examines the roles of government, industry, and non-governmental organizations in shaping environmental regulations at local, national, and global levels. It covers key topics such as policy-making processes, regulatory frameworks, environmental ethics, and the evaluation of policy effectiveness in addressing issues like climate change, pollution, resource management, and sustainability. Students will analyze current case studies and debates, gaining insights into the challenges and opportunities involved in creating effective environmental solutions.
Recommended Textbook
Environmental Science 14th Edition by
G. Tyler Miller
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17 Chapters
1891 Verified Questions
1891 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
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92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pollution ____________________ is cheaper and more effective than pollution
Answer: prevention, cleanup
Q2) Which of the following terms encompasses all of the others?
A) natural capital
B) natural resources
C) natural services
D) renewable resources
E) nonrenewable resources
Answer: A
Q3) One of the ways we can slow population growth is to elevate the status of women.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Natural resources are considered natural capital, but natural services are not..
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) Is India's total ecological footprint greater than that of Japan?
Answer: Yes.
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Chapter 2: Science, Matter, and Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ consists of elements and compounds.
Answer: Matter
Q2) cell nuclei
A)human body
B)in all human cells except for red blood cells
C)found in all cell nuclei
D)chromosome pair
E)chromosome
F)gene
Answer: B
Q3) Which list of items contains only ions?
A) CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, Na<sup>+</sup>, H<sup>-</sup>
B) Na<sup>+</sup>, H<sup>-</sup>, Pb, Hg
C) Pb, Hg, CO<sub>2</sub>,NaCl
D) Cl<sup>-</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
E) NaCl, NO, CO, NaOH
Answer: D
Q4) A chemical that is a combination of two or more different elements is called a(n)
Answer: compound
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They
Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement least describes ecosystem modeling?
A) It is typically applied only to very small natural systems, such as a single pond or stream.
B) It has developed since the 1960s.
C) It can be applied to complex systems that cannot be adequately studied in the field or laboratory.
D) It requires input of baseline data from field studies.
E) It requires input of baseline data from laboratory studies.
Answer: A
Q2) Fossil fuels and minerals are found in the
A) Atmosphere
B) Geosphere
C) Biosphere
D) Hydrosphere
E) Troposphere
Answer: B
Q3) The mantle and core of the earth are both contained in the geosphere.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Biodiversity and Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Houseflies would probably adapt to an environmental change much more quickly than a human.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a species of frogs becomes threatened because they can only live in a narrow range of temperatures, they would be classified as a(n) ____________________.
Q3) Which of the following organisms would best be described as a specialist species?
A) Flies
B) Cockroaches
C) white-tailed deer
D) panda bears
E) Humans
Q4) In the 1960's, E.O. Wilson and other scientists developed the theory of _______________ ____________________.
Q5) Genes mutate, ____________________ are selected, and populations____________________.
Q6) A(n) ____________________ includes an organism's range of tolerance for physical and chemical conditions.
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Chapter 5: Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cowbirds are so named because they followed the large herds of cows that were driven throughout the American west before large tracts of land were fenced. Cowbirds consumed the insects that invariably followed the herds. There was no obvious benefit or other effect on the herds. This is an example of ____________________.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the chapter's three big ideas?
A) There are always limits to population growth in nature.
B) Certain interactions among species affects their use of resources and their population sizes.
C) The balance of nature theory only.
D) The balance of nature theory and the concept of restoration of ecosystems by humans.
E) Changes in environmental conditions cause communities and ecosystems to gradually alter their species composition and population sizes.
Q3) On the ecological succession figure, choose the letter that represents the stage in which the land can support trees, shrubs, weeds, and grasses.
Q4) Many large mammal species that have long generation times and low reproductive rates are prone to ____________________.
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Chapter 6: The Human Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which population growth continues but at a slower and rate.
Q2) Car sharing has been tried in Germany, but was not found to be effective or successful.
A)True
B)False
Q3) On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram with demographic momentum.
Q4) You live in a country where married couples pledging to have no more than one child receive financial incentives and benefits. You live in__________.
Q5) Can the city you now live in become an ecocity? Name four things your city could do to begin a transition to ecocity status. Hint: Think of the processes now in place in Curitiba, Brazil.
Q6) Mexico City has recently improved its air quality.
A)True
B)False
Q7) List the four ways that urban sprawl affects natural capital degradation of water resources.
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Chapter 7: Climate and Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following microclimate effects is incorrectly described?
A) The leeward sides of high mountains tend to show relatively dry conditions.
B) Oceans and lakes modify temperature extremes.
C) Mountains interrupt the flow of prevailing winds.
D) Cities tend to have lower temperatures and higher wind speeds than the surrounding countryside.
E) The windward sides of high mountains tend to show relatively wet conditions.
Q2) Some desert plants reduce evaporation by closing their pores during the day and opening them at night to take up___________ ____________.
Q3) Oak, hickory, maple, poplar, and beech are typical tree species in the
A) boreal forest
B) tropical rainforest
C) temperate rainforest
D) temperate deciduous forest
E) coastal coniferous forest
Q4) Referring to the above graph from a temperate desert observe that the months of March and April are not the warmest, coldest or wettest months in this biome. However, the bloom of desert wildflowers will typically occur in these two months. Explain why this is.
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Chapter 8: Sustaining Biodiversity: the Species Approach
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Sample Questions
Q1) Florida panther
A)low reproductive rate
B)specialized niche
C)narrow distribution
D)feeds at a high trophic level
E)rare
F)fixed migratory pattern
G)commercially valuable
H)large territory
Q2) Because of the lucrative ecotourism trade, both mature male lions and elephants bring in more money as tourist attractions than if they are poached for their hide or ivory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Florida's key deer
A)international regulatory laws
B)U.S. regulatory laws
C)wildlife refuges
D)botanical gardens
E)captive breeding programs
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Sustaining Biodiversity: the Ecosystem Approach
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of forest is considered a reservoir of biodiversity?
A) old-growth
B) second-growth
C) Commercial
D) tree plantation
E) All forests are reservoirs of biodiversity.
Q2) One suggestion for sustainably managing fisheries is to use wide-meshed nets for harvesting fish caught with nets. This would allow escape of
Q3) Although there are currently more than 4,000 marine protected areas (MPA's) worldwide, nearly all of these sites still allow
A) Dredging
B) trawler fishing
C) other harmful human resource extraction activities
D) skin diving for viewing coral
E) dredging, trawling and other harmful human resource extraction activities
Q4) Introduction of the gray wolf to Yellowstone National Park caused the squirrel population to increase.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Food, Soil, and Pest Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following can lead to desertification?
A) conservation tillage
B) severe and prolonged drought
C) crop rotation
D) polyculture farming
E) terraced crop arrangements
Q2) Which of the following is the list of macronutrients needed to sustain good health?
A) vitamin A, C, and iodine
B) vitamin A, C, and E
C) iodine, protein, and carbohydrate
D) protein, carbohydrate, and fats
E) protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acids
Q3) no genetically modified seeds
A)industrialized agriculture
B)organic agriculture
Q4) Explain the benefits of using perennial plants rather than annual plants for food crops.
Q5) The process of ____________________ allows for the raising of marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages.
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Chapter 11: Water Resources and Water Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a lot of water is pumped from an aquifer, or when there is a dry spell, the ____________________ sinks lower.
Q2) Use of dams, reservoirs and water transfer projects has disrupted ecosystems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the western United States, as compared to the eastern United States, the major water problem(s) is (are)
A) Flooding
B) insufficient water for some urban areas
C) chronic drought and insufficient runoff
D) pollution of rivers, lakes, and groundwater
E) insufficient water for industry
Q4) One class of pollutants that can cause excessive growth of algae is
A) radioactive substances
B) oxygen-demanding wastes
C) plant nutrients
D) organic chemicals
E) Sediment
Q5) Spaces in rock and soil called the ____________________ are completely filled with water.
13
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Chapter 12: Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Metals such as gold, iron, and copper are often mined via this method.
A) mountaintop removal
B) area strip mining
C) subsurface mining
D) open pit mining
E) minimum impact mining
Q2) As nonrenewable mineral resources are depleted, experts are particularly concerned about manganese, cobalt, chromium, and platinum, which are
A) trace metal resources.
B) strategic metal resources
C) biogenic metal resources
D) magma metal resources
E) trace metal resources
Q3) Of the actions recommended for preserving our supply of nonrenewable metals and minerals, the one that has the lowest environmental impact is to____________________.
Q4) Nanotechnologists envision that in the future garbage can be turned into edible food.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ produces fewer pollutants than burning coal, but is significantly more expensive and produces radioactive wastes.
Q2) All of the following statements about solid biomass are correct except
A) plantations can help restore degraded areas
B) costs are moderate
C) they are widely available in some areas
D) they are possible to produce with no net carbon dioxide increase
E) it can lead to deforestation
Q3) China plans to lead the world in relying on renewable energy resources.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The world's most abundant conventional fossil fuel is A) crude oil
B) natural gas
C) biomass
D) tar sand
E) coal
Q5) Although coal is a very plentiful fuel, when burned it produces very high ____________________ emissions.
Q6) Briefly describe how a cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) functions.
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Chapter 14: Environmental Hazards and Human Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) AIDS has reduced the life expectancy of the 750 million people living in sub-Saharan Africa by
A) 5 years
B) 5 to 7 years
C) 10 years
D) 15 to 20 years
E) none of these answers
Q2) Common antimalarial drugs have become more effective against the Plasmodium parasites since about 1970.
A)True
B)False
Q3) About ____ of the world's people are at risk from malaria.
A) two million
B) 10 percent
C) 1 billion
D) 25%
E) Half
Q4) On the graph, explain what the designation LD50 means.
Q5) The overuse of ____________________ can cause bacteria to develop immunity.
Page 16
Q6) PCBs-methyl mercury, arsenic, and lead-are all examples of
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Page 17
Chapter 15: Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone
Depletion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cow belching results in the release of methane, a greenhouse gas.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements correctly reflect the content of the 2007 IPCC report by climate scientists on climate change?
A) 2000-2009 was the warmest decade since the 1880's.
B) Average levels of CO<sub>2 </sub>rose sharply between 1960 and 2010.
C) During the last century, the world's average sea level rose 7 inches.
D) Glaciers and floating sea ice are melting at increasing rates.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) On the acid deposition figure, choose the letter that represents the transformation to sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
Q4) Photochemical smog is formed when primary pollutants interact with
A) Sunlight
B) water vapor
C) sulfur dioxide
D) Oxygen
E) Carbon
Q5) In the last 10,000 years, when did the temperature reach a maximum?
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Chapter 16: Solid and Hazardous Waste
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Sample Questions
Q1) The recycling of plastic bottles to make fleece fabric for clothing is a type of secondary recycling.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Incinerate waste.
A)first priority
B)second priority
C)third priority
Q3) Which category most accurately describes waste such as food wastes, cardboard, cans, bottles, yard wastes, furniture, plastics, metal, glass, and e-waste?
A) e-waste
B) municipal waste
C) solid waste
D) industrial waste
E) municipal solid waste
Q4) In primary recycling, waste products are converted into different products.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which area is a methane gas recovery well?
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Chapter 17: Environmental Economics, Politics, and Worldviews
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Sample Questions
Q1) Environmental economists take a middle of the road stance in the debate about economic growth being sustainable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Natural capital refers to the physical and mental talents of humans.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the first goals for someone who seeks environmental literacy is to develop a respect or reverence for all life.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a company changes from selling a product to eco-leasing the product, we can say that:
A) They are supporting a service-flow economy.
B) They are supported a materials-flow economy.
C) They will increase the pollution they generate.
D) The amount of pollution they generate will stay the same.
E) They will be getting a huge tax break.
Q5) List seven things you can do to influence environmental policy.
Q6) Taxes that discourage pollution are called ____________________. Page 20
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