Environmental Policy and Management Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Environmental Policy and Management explores the frameworks, processes, and tools used to address environmental issues at local, national, and global levels. The course examines the development and implementation of environmental policies, focusing on the roles played by governments, businesses, and non-governmental organizations. Students will analyze regulatory approaches, market-based solutions, and collaborative strategies for managing natural resources and environmental risks. The course also emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement, policy evaluation, and adaptive management in creating effective and equitable solutions to complex environmental challenges.
Recommended Textbook Principles of Environmental Science Inquiry and Applications 7th Edition by William P Cunningham
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Chapter 1: Understanding Our Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is world hunger an environmental issue?
A) Food production is global but the resources are unequally distributed.
B) Agriculture is only possible in developed nations.
C) There is not enough fresh water for irrigation.
D) There is not enough fertilizer to provide high yields for crops.
Answer: A
Q2) Environmentalism stemming from the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring differed from earlier North American conservation perspectives by
A) focusing on human population growth.
B) placing more emphasis on pollution problems.
C) emphasizing international problems.
D) encouraging energy efficiency.
E) emphasizing the value of natural resources.
Answer: B
Q3) Sustainable development differs from traditional economic development in that it emphasizes economic development in the short term.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life
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Q1) The motion of a rock rolling downhill is known as __________ energy.
A) kinetic
B) latent
C) potential
D) electrical
E) mechanical
Answer: A
Q2) Which is not a characteristic of acids?
A) They readily give up hydrogen ions.
B) They have a pH of less than 7.
C) They react easily with living tissue.
D) They react easily with nonliving minerals.
E) All of these are characteristic of acids.
Answer: E
Q3) Nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids and proteins.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities
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Q1) There is/are usually _______ tolerance limit(s) responsible for limiting the number and location of a species. However, some organisms have ____________ that limit(s) their distribution.
A) one; a specific critical factor
B) one; other environmental conditions
C) one specific; many factors
D) many; other environmental conditions
E) many; a specific critical factor
Answer: E
Q2) In the real world, many factors determine the numbers of organisms in any one population. Yet, a SUPERFLY with unlimited food and no mortality would show what type of growth?
A) carrying capacity geometric increase
B) irruptive growth
C) J-shaped curve
D) S-shaped curve
E) Malthusian growth
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Human Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The world human population reached 1 billion in about A) 1400.
B) 1500.
C) 1600.
D) 1700.
E) 1800.
Q2) Which country listed below would you expect to have the highest ecological footprint?
A) USA
B) Mexico
C) Sweden
D) Kenya
Q3) Proponents of social justice believe that environmental and social problems will decrease if
A) we can educate poor people about family planning.
B) resources are distributed fairly.
C) better ethics are taught to poor, uneducated populations.
D) we just reduce the number of people on Earth.
E) we concentrate on population control.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Biomes and Biodiversity
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Q1) The objective of a species recovery plan is to
A) interbreed threatened species with common species.
B) increase an endangered species population until it is no longer endangered.
C) invest corporate capital in species maintenance.
D) study the species for a better understanding of its role in the biological community.
E) protect the species to aid other organisms and resources in the ecosystem.
Q2) Which of the following is not a benefit of high biodiversity?
A) aesthetic and cultural value
B) potential medicinal value
C) potential sources of food
D) ecological value
E) production of carbon dioxide
Q3) Which of the following statements about trade in endangered species is false?
A) The principal importers of endangered species are developed countries.
B) Overharvesting affects animals more than plants.
C) People who say they are animal lovers are the main contributors to the trade.
D) The principal exporters of endangered species are developing countries.
E) Endangered species are listed globally by the IUCN.
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Chapter 6: Environmental Conservation: Forests,
Grasslands, Parks, and Nature Preserves
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Q1) Annually, the Forest Service __________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis on ________________.
A) makes a profit; building roads into wilderness areas
B) loses money; building roads into wilderness areas
C) loses money; exporting logs to Canada
D) makes a profit; exporting logs to Canada
E) loses money; replanting
Q2) Monetary inputs to local economies due to the presence of parks and reserves is A) ecotourism.
B) the Man and the Biosphere concept.
C) hotspot management.
D) a form of REDD.
E) causing the destruction of the parks and preserves through overuse.
Q3) Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have ________.
A) increased by more than one half; increased by about 25%
B) increased by one third; decreased by about 25%
C) decreased by more than one half; decreased by about 25%
D) decreased by one third; increased by about 25%
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E) stayed about the same; decreased by about 25%
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Chapter 7: Food and Agriculture
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Q1) More than 70% of all soybeans, corn, and cotton grown in the United States are genetically modified.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Waterlogging results from
A) toxic metal accumulation.
B) excessive irrigation.
C) excessive plowing.
D) high evaporation processes.
E) natural water erosion processes.
Q3) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are made by taking bits of DNA from different sources to create desired characteristics in an organism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The biggest worry about a genetically modified Atlantic salmon with extra growth hormones is that it will introduce these hormones into our diet.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology
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Q1) The cutting of rainforests causes a lack of normal water flow into the soil. Puddles of water can stand for long periods. Which of the following statements best explains how rainforest destruction is closely tied with human morbidity and mortality?
A) The elimination of top consumers can favor disease-carrying organisms.
B) Mosquitoes with an aquatic larval form spread many highly contagious diseases.
C) The standing water is used for drinking and disease organisms in the water cause diarrhea.
D) All of these explain the connection between rainforest destruction and human morbidity and mortality.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true?
A) If a substance is toxic, its toxicity is highly dependent on its form and where it is present in the environment.
B) If a substance is toxic, it is equally toxic regardless of its form or where it is present in the environment.
C) The most important factor in the toxicity of a substance is the route by which it enters our bodies.
D) None of these statements are true.
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Chapter 9: Climate
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Q1) When cool, dry air sinks from the upper atmosphere toward the Earth's surface, it is
A) compressed and cooled further.
B) allowed to expand and become warmer.
C) compressed and becomes warmer.
D) forced to release any remaining moisture.
E) going to hold more water because there is more water vapor closer to the Earth's surface.
Q2) The two main gases making up the lower atmosphere are
A) helium and hydrogen.
B) carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
C) oxygen and methane.
D) nitrogen and oxygen.
E) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Q3) Which of these is NOT among our most important greenhouse gases?
A) sulfur dioxide
B) methane (CH<sub>4</sub>)
C) nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O)
D) fluorine gases (such as CFCs)
E) carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Air Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common human health response to air pollution is
A) inflammatory responses in sensitive tissues.
B) lung cancer.
C) blindness caused by deteriorating eye tissues.
D) skin cancer.
E) heart disease.
Q2) What type of buildings and monuments are most susceptible to acid damage?
A) granite and basalt
B) wood
C) limestone and marble
D) concrete and brick
E) brick and bronze
Q3) Wind currents
A) send air pollution from one continent to the next.
B) keep CFCs from reaching the ozone hole.
C) eliminate the movement of dust particles from watershed to watershed.
D) circulate global carbon dioxide to regions with more vegetation for photosynthesis.
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Chapter 11: Water: Resources and Pollution
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Q1) Coliform bacteria populations are routinely monitored in drinking water supplies, swimming pools, and at beaches because these bacteria
A) are especially toxic to animals.
B) may mutate into severely pathogenic strains.
C) indicate the presence of feces in water.
D) usually live in pesticide-contaminated water.
E) are more difficult to find in water.
Q2) In general, water use in poor countries is dominated by A) agricultural use.
B) domestic needs.
C) industrial activities.
D) use as drinking water.
Q3) Tertiary treatment of sewage produces water that is NOT free of A) nutrients
B) metals
C) pathogens
D) solids
E) organic material
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Chapter 12: Environmental Geology and Earth Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rock formed from magma extruded to the surface through volcanic vents is classified as
A) sedimentary.
B) igneous.
C) metamorphic.
D) weathered rock.
E) lava.
Q2) Which is not a major category of economic minerals?
A) bauxite
B) metal ores
C) sand and gravel
D) evaporated salt flats
E) none of these
Q3) Smelting releases metals from ore.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Building and farming on a flood plain decreases the land's ability to absorb flood waters.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Energy
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Q1) Photovoltaic cells work because solar energy striking their surface
A) causes the cells to liquefy as they heat.
B) releases electrons, causing an electric potential in attached wires.
C) is collected in the form of photons and sent through attached wires.
D) causes an uneven magnetic charge to develop.
E) changes to chemical energy.
Q2) Transportation consumes about ______ percent of all energy used in the US each year.
A) 13
B) 20
C) 27
D) 33
E) 39
Q3) Tidal power stations operate by using the energy from waves as they crash on the shore.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The largest oil supply in the Americas comes from tar sands.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Solid and Hazardous Waste
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Q1) The most often overlooked of the "three Rs" is
A) recycle.
B) reuse.
C) release.
D) redefine.
E) reduce.
Q2) Which of the following actions would probably encourage efficiency and recycling programs?
A) discontinue energy and water subsidies to industries when they are processing raw materials.
B) discontinue subsidies that favor the extraction of raw materials.
C) consumers asking for and buying products made from recycled products.
D) All of these are correct.
E) discontinue subsidies that favor the extraction of raw materials and consumers asking for and buying products made from recycled products are correct because industries do not receive water and energy subsidies.
Q3) The US stopped all dumping of municipal refuse into oceans in 1958.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Economics and Urbanization
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Q1) An example of an intangible resource, or one that is difficult to place a monetary value on, is
A) solar energy.
B) satisfaction.
C) human labor.
D) capital.
E) extinct species.
Q2) An open access system will lead to
A) smart growth.
B) sustainable development.
C) tragedy of the commons.
D) urban sprawl.
Q3) Which is a negative consequence of urban sprawl?
A) increased traffic congestion
B) abandonment of city centers
C) inefficient use of land
D) all of these are correct.
E) none of these are correct.
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Chapter 16: Environmental Policy and Sustainability
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "group of 10" environmental organizations are most useful in
A) spearheading truly radical environmental change.
B) inspiring individual direct actions by all members.
C) having strong, respected, and organized influence on national environmental policy setting.
D) initiating student environmental activism on local environmental issues.
E) inspiring individual direct actions by at least half of all members.
Q2) CITES is an international agreement to restrict trade in hazardous chemicals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) After an original idea is turned into a bill, it
A) is introduced in the House and Senate.
B) needs to be sponsored by a legislator.
C) is referred to a committee.
D) undergoes subcommittee hearings.
E) needs to be marked up.
Q4) The Student Environmental Acting Coalition is the largest student environmental group in North America.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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