Environmental Policy and Management Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Environmental Policy and Management explores the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies aimed at addressing environmental challenges at local, national, and global levels. The course examines the roles of governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector in formulating effective strategies for sustainable development and resource management. Students will analyze key legislation, regulatory frameworks, and policy instruments, learning to assess their environmental, social, and economic impacts. Through case studies and practical applications, participants will develop skills in policy analysis, stakeholder engagement, and the management of environmental projects, preparing them for professional roles in the rapidly evolving field of environmental governance.
Recommended Textbook
Principles of Environmental Science Companion Site 6th Edition by William P. Cunningham
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Chapter 1: Understanding Our Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the probability of getting tails 4 times in a row when you flip a coin?
A) 1 in 4
B) 1 in 10
C) 1 in 16
D) 1 in 20
E) 1 in 24
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following was key to the recovery of the Apo Island's reef fish population?
A) The establishment of a small marine sanctuary
B) A complete ban on all fishing
C) Importation of fish from other islands
D) Heavy government investment in alternative food sources
E) None of these are correct.
Answer: A
Q3) Parsimony is one of the basic principles of science.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Environmental Systems: Connections, Cycles,
Flows and Feedback Loops
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Sample Questions
Q1) Metabolism can be seen as the process of converting
A) energy into matter.
B) potential energy into kinetic energy.
C) kinetic energy into potential energy.
D) atoms into compounds.
E) matter into potential energy.
Answer: B
Q2) The relationship among atoms, elements, and compounds is most like the relationship among
A) bricks, brick houses, and large brick buildings.
B) grains of sand, rocks, and continents.
C) bricks, sidewalks, and paved roads.
D) ponds, lakes, and oceans.
E) grains of sugar, sugar, and sweetened iced tea.
Answer: E
Q3) Nitrogen is an essential component of amino acids and proteins.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) An organism's biotic potential is the maximum number of offspring
A) that it can produce.
B) that survive to adulthood.
C) its habitat can support.
D) it produces at one time.
E) it actually produces over its lifetime.
Answer: A
Q2) The most common reason that introduced species cause trouble is because they are larger than native species.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following are pioneer species?
A) wood warblers
B) dandelions
C) starlings
D) lichens
E) humans
Answer: D
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Human Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The world human population reached 1 billion in about
A) 1400.
B) 1500.
C) 1600.
D) 1700.
E) 1800.
Q2) Which country listed below would you expect to have the highest ecological footprint?
A) USA
B) Mexico
C) Sweden
D) Kenya
Q3) The graph indicates that more children die
A) in the last stage of the demographic transition.
B) in the first stage of the demographic transition.
C) when their mothers are illiterate.
D) when their mothers are literate.
E) when their mothers are poor.
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6
Chapter 5: Biomes and Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the species that are yet undiscovered are probably
A) mammals and reptiles.
B) birds and fish.
C) fungi.
D) invertebrates.
E) multicellular plants.
Q2) We are usually referring to species diversity when we talk about biodiversity. However, genetic diversity is also important to ecological systems because diverse genes
A) increase the efficiency and productivity of a system because all niches are filled.
B) allow an individual organism to adapt to its changing environment.
C) are necessary for a population to evolve in a changing environment.
D) lead to diverse ecological processes in a biological community.
E) are important for a balanced ecosystem.
Q3) The biome that is most at risk due to over-harvest of organisms might be the A) marine biome.
B) tropical rainforest biome.
C) tundra biome.
D) desert biome.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Environmental Conservation: Forests Grasslands
Parks and Nature Preserves
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be
A) a lack of biodiversity in those countries.
B) a lack of area suitable to set aside as a park or reserve.
C) the lack of scientific data to manage the parks and reserves.
D) the lack of money and infrastructure to manage the parks and preserves.
E) a lack of interest in the development of parks and preserves.
Q2) The IUCN world conservation strategy is directed at protecting A) resources from human use.
B) endangered species.
C) wildlife from poaching.
D) world climate stability.
E) ecosystems and biodiversity.
Q3) The increase in which of the species below would indicate to you that the pasture you see is overgrazed?
A) Bluestem.
B) Fescue.
C) Sage.
D) Bluegrass.
E) Sideoats.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Food and Agriculture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Undernourished parents often raise children who are undernourished because the parents
A) transfer genetic deficiencies to their children.
B) do not know any better.
C) cannot afford to feed their children properly.
D) do not have access to information about nutrition.
E) All of these are reasons for the vicious cycle.
Q2) The layer of soil that is a mixture of minerals and organic material is the
A) O horizon
B) A horizon
C) humus
D) E horizon
E) primary layer
Q3) More than 70% of all soybeans, corn, and cotton grown in the United States are genetically modified.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diseases such as the recent outbreak of cholera and Ebola are
A) caused by pathogenic organisms.
B) called communicable diseases.
C) called emergent diseases.
D) happening more often in the past 20 years.
E) All of these are characteristics of diseases such as cholera and Ebola.
Q2) With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?
A) Acute effects are much worse than chronic effects.
B) Acute effects are not as bad as chronic effects.
C) Acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure, chronic effects are those that are long-lasting.
D) Acute effects are permanent, chronic effects may be short or long term but go away over time.
E) none of these are correct.
Q3) Most people do their own personal risk assessments based upon
A) scientific data.
B) whimsical preference devoid of logic.
C) logical reasoning about relative risks.
D) personal biases and preferences as well as logic.
E) statistical probabilities.
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Chapter 9: Air: Climate and Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Worldwide, air pollution control efforts are least advanced or least successful in major cities of developing countries.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Nineteen of the 20 warmest of the last 150 years have occurred since 1980.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The two main gases making up the lower atmosphere are
A) helium and hydrogen.
B) carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide.
C) oxygen and methane.
D) nitrogen and oxygen.
E) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Q4) What type of buildings and monuments are most susceptible to acid damage?
A) granite and basalt
B) wood
C) limestone and marble
D) concrete and brick
E) brick and bronze
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Chapter 10: Water: Resources and Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the graph of clean drinking water per person, each letter represents a country. Which of the following is most likely?
A) A is the United States; B is India.
B) B is the United States; A is India.
C) A is the United States; B is Canada.
D) B is India; A is China.
E) A is India; B is China
Q2) A method of increasing water supplies that has been successful, if expensive, is A) desalination by reverse osmosis.
B) cloud seeding.
C) towing icebergs by ship from polar regions.
D) altering the climate's convection currents.
E) None of these methods are successful.
Q3) Best available economically achievable technology (BAT) standards are standards set for
A) nonpoint pollution.
B) toxic substances.
C) radioactive waste, specifically.
D) organic compounds.
E) all point sources.
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Chapter 11: Environmental Geology and Earth Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nuees Ardentes are sonic waves associated with earthquakes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Rocks are _______ in the process called the rock cycle.
A) moved from place to place
B) incorporated into living organisms
C) broken down and re-formed
D) cycled through the core and mantle
E) cycled through the crust and core
Q3) Which of the following countries is not a principle consumer of crucial metals?
A) United States
B) France
C) Japan
D) China
E) Russia
Q4) One of the largest earthquakes ever recorded in North America occurred around New Madrid Missouri in 1812.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major factor in the conversion from fossil fuels to renewable forms of energy is A) money.
B) infrastructure.
C) access to renewable forms.
D) a lack of technology to develop renewable forms.
Q2) In the United States and Canada, the most common problem with using wood as a major heat source is
A) the cost.
B) wood shortages.
C) that it separates people from the utility grid.
D) the production of pollutants.
E) None of these. Using wood as an alternate source is a viable way to reduce our dependence on foreign oil.
Q3) Which country is the world leader in wind energy?
A) The United States
B) Denmark
C) France
D) Japan
E) Brazil
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Solid and Hazardous Waste
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secure landfills are usually sealed with gravel.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "Waste stream" is a term describing
A) the steady production of all waste products that humans produce.
B) the process of eliminating domestic and commercial waste.
C) the production of solid waste, specifically.
D) the intermittent production of particular wastes.
E) the production of liquid waste, specifically.
Q3) Chemical processing is a way of __________ hazardous waste for safe disposal.
A) reducing the volume of
B) neutralizing
C) incinerating
D) filtering and precipitating
E) acidifying
Q4) In terms of cost and safety, one of the best ways to manage hazardous waste is to produce less hazardous waste.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Economics and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea of a steady-state economy was developed by
A) Thomas Malthus
B) John Stuart Mill
C) Adam Smith
D) Henry David Thoreau
E) Karl Marx
Q2) In 2000 what continent had the highest percentage of people living in urban areas?
A) North America
B) Europe
C) Asia
D) South America
E) Africa
Q3) Renewable resources are those that
A) will not be exhausted.
B) will always renew themselves unless we destroy them.
C) can be renewed through intensive investments of capital and labor.
D) are intangible and inexhaustible.
E) are intangible and exhaustible.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Environmental Policy and Sustainability
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Sample Questions
Q1) CITES is an international agreement to restrict trade in hazardous chemicals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The current legal system is to ______________ as community-based planning is to collaboration.
A) polarization
B) cooperation
C) wicked problems
D) dispute resolution
E) harmony
Q3) Why would the "group of 10" environmental organizations be criticized?
A) They are militant and extremist groups that lead to environmental revolutions.
B) They oppose most environmental protection.
C) They tend to compromise and cooperate with the establishment.
D) Their membership is small and they have focused and limited influence.
E) They support radical approaches in addressing environmental problems.
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