Environmental Justice Exam Review
Course Introduction
Environmental Justice examines the fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens across different social groups, with a focus on how marginalized and vulnerable communities are disproportionately affected by environmental hazards. This course explores the historical roots, key concepts, and contemporary movements surrounding environmental justice, analyzing policy responses, activism, and case studies from local and global perspectives. Students will critically assess the intersection of race, class, and environmental policy, and develop tools for advocating equitable and sustainable solutions to environmental challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Environmental Law 8th Edition by Nancy K. Kubasek
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11 Chapters
220 Verified Questions
220 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3993 Page 2
Chapter 1: The American Legal System: the Source of Environmental Law
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80201
Sample Questions
Q1) Signing statements have been used to dilute or effect the enforcement of laws passed by Congress.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Due process
A) may be either substantive or procedural.
B) is guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment.
C) both a and b.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
Q3) Because of the doctrine of federal supremacy,
A) no state may impose a regulation if there is an existing federal law to cover the problem.
B) no state law may impose a stricter standard than a federal law.
C) state statutes may impose standards that are stricter than federal laws unless the federal law is in an area where Congress wants there to be no state regulation.
D) both a and b.
Answer: C
Page 3
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Chapter 2: The Litigation Process and Other Tools for Resolving Environmental Disputes
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80198
Sample Questions
Q1) Grand juries
A) are used in only criminal cases.
B) are used in only civil cases.
C) are used to decide the facts in a case.
D) both a and c.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is not considered one of the threshold issues that must be met before one can bring a lawsuit?
A) standing.
B) ripeness.
C) case or controversy.
D) none of the above (all must be present).
Answer: D
Q3) The least adversarial alternative to litigation is arbitration.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Administrative Law and Its Impact on the Environment
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80197
Sample Questions
Q1) Administrative agencies are controlled by
A) Congress' ability to give them their powers through enacting their enabling statutes.
B) Congress' exercise of its oversight authority.
C) both a and b.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
Q2) All rules made by administrative agencies must be
A) published as proposed rules in the Federal Register.
B) published as final rules in the Federal Register at least 30 days before they are to go into effect.
C) both a and b.
Answer: C
Q3) The most common type of rulemaking by agencies is informal rulemaking.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: An Introduction to Environmental Law and Policy
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nuisance actions would be the ideal means for controlling pollution if most nuisances were private rather than public nuisances.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The fact that clean air is a collective good means that
A) once it is produced, nobody can be excluded from using it.
B) if the government does not mandate its production, it's likely that it will not be produced.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.
Q3) Green taxes
A) are widely used in the United States to correct market failures.
B) are an indirect way to control pollution
C) are one type of subsidy for businesses.
D) are a form of direct regulation.
Q4) The "Tragedy of the Commons" is frequently cited to justify the use of the tort law to prevent pollution.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Air-Quality Control
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80195
Sample Questions
Q1) One of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of early air pollution control legislation was that these laws imposed such strict standards on the states that the states rebelled and did not even attempt to meet these standards.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Acid rain
A) would not exist in the absence of man-made emissions of sulfur.
B) occurs only in industrialized areas.
C) is a difficult problem to solve because there is a lack of agreement as to the severity of the problem, the best way to solve the problem, and what ph level warrants the designation acid rain.
D) none of the above.
Q3) The United States is home for only four percent of the population of the Earth, yet it is responsible for 20 percent of all greenhouse gases
A)True
B)False
Q4) By 1997, all of the NAAQSs had been met nationwide.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Water-Quality Control
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80194
Sample Questions
Q1) Pollution from nonpoint sources is easier to control than pollution from point sources because it's difficult to convince polluters to purchase and install expensive pollution control devices.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Groundwater is the source of domestic drinking water for only a tiny fraction of the population.
A)True
B)False
Q3) BOD:
A) is a measure of the oxygen demand of microorganisms in the water as they break down organic material.
B) which is too high will result in a loss of many species of fish, such as trout, which require a more significant quantity of dissolved oxygen than so-called "garbage" fish or bottom-feeders such as shad.
C) is one measure of how polluted a body of water is.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 7: Controlling Toxic Substances
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Registration of a pesticide automatically terminates after A) 4 years.
B) 5 years.
C) 10 years.
D) 12 years.
Q2) One of the TSCA's functions is to regulate the introduction of new chemicals into the market.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The FDA helps control pesticides by requiring the inspection of produce to make sure it does not contain excess amounts of pesticide residue.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There has not been extremely stringent regulation of pesticides because the harm caused by pesticides can easily be compensated through negligence actions.
A)True
B)False
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9
Chapter 8: Waste Management and Hazardous Releases
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80192
Sample Questions
Q1) The primary focus of the underground storage tank program is on spill prevention.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The RCRA regulates
A) hazardous waste
B) non-hazardous waste
C) municipal waste
D) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following was not a goal included in the EPA's 1989 national strategy for municipal solid waste management?
A) increase recycling and source reduction
B) ban construction of new landfills after the year 2000
C) improve the safety of solid waste management facilities
D) none of the above
Q4) Comprehensive emergency response plans need not include:
A) A determination of the resources available for spills.
B) A determination of what hazardous substances go through a community.
C) A determination of how spill information will be communicated.
D) none of the above.
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Chapter 9: Energy
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80191
Sample Questions
Q1) Tighter sulfur dioxide emission standards have increased coal production in the Western United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The CAFE standards
A) are increased annually
B) regulate vehicle fuel efficiency
C) create the same standards for all vehicles
D) both a and b
Q3) Which of the following is not a problem associated with nuclear energy?
A) prematurely deteriorating pipes at many plants.
B) plant workers who weren't well trained respond to equipment malfunctions.
C) nuclear waste for which there was no permanent place for disposal.
D) none of the above.
Q4) Because nuclear energy does not produce carbon emissions, it is considered a renewable source of energy
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Natural Resources
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80200
Sample Questions
Q1) The Migratory Bird Rule
A) was promulgated by the EPA.
B) prohibits hunters from shooting birds that migrate across states.
C) was recently struck down by the Supreme Court.
D) allows bird watchers to sue persons who kill or poison birds.
Q2) By the mid 1970s, over half the wetlands that had existed in the lower 48 states during the eighteenth century had disappeared.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Rivers given a designation under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 are removed from human use.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Although wetlands are important globally, there are no international treaties to protect wetlands.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: International Environmental Law
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/80199
Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not a problem associated with overpopulation?
A) mass starvation when agricultural growth cannot keep pace with population growth.
B) increased pollution.
C) both a and b.
D) none of the above.
Q2) Recognition of the international aspects of environmental problems is relatively new, but has been increasing over the past several decades.
A)True
B)False
Q3) International environmental law is made up of both customary and conventional law; the former is analogous to common law and the latter is formed by treaties.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Enforcement of judgments handed down by the International Court of Justice
A) is handled by the UN Security Council.
B) is not very effective.
C) both a and b.
D) none of the above.
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