Course Introduction
Environmental Health Final Test Solutions
Environmental Health explores how environmental factors biological, chemical, physical, and social impact human health and well-being. The course examines sources and types of environmental hazards, such as air and water pollution, hazardous waste, food safety concerns, and occupational exposures. Students learn foundational principles of toxicology, risk assessment, and epidemiology to evaluate and address the impact of environmental issues on population health. The course also delves into regulatory frameworks, prevention strategies, and sustainable practices, preparing students to critically assess and improve environmental health conditions in communities both locally and globally.
Recommended Textbook
Environmental Science 14th Edition by G.
Tyler Miller
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17 Chapters
1891 Verified Questions
1891 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
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92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to other developed countries such as Japan and the European Union countries, how does the per capita ecological footprint of the United States measure up? Why?
Answer: The per capita ecological footprint of the United States is double that of the other developed countries. This reflects the much higher consumption of natural resources in the United States
Q2) Explain how poverty drives population growth.
Answer: To many poor people, having more children is a matter of survival. Children are effectively the labor force for a poor family, helping with crop tending, gathering wood or fuel, hauling water and livestock tending. Additionally, the children become caretakers of their parents when the parents age. This is very important in poor countries that do not have social security, health care or retirement funds.
Q3) When we exceed a renewable resource's natural replacement rate, the available supply begins to shrink through a process known as ____________________.
Answer: environmental degradation
Q4) Pollution ____________________ is cheaper and more effective than pollution
Answer: prevention, cleanup
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Science, Matter, and Energy
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does not characterize frontier science?
A) It often captures news headlines because it is controversial.
B) It may deal with preliminary data.
C) It may eventually be validated.
D) Scientists always agree on the meaning and accuracy of the data involved.
E) It may eventually be discredited.
Answer: D
Q2) What percentage of useful energy in the United States is either unavoidably or unnecessarily wasted?
A) 43%
B) 84%
C) 35%
D) 41%
E) Energy in the United States is not wasted.
Answer: B
Q3) Since scientific theories are tentative explanations, they should not be taken seriously.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They
Work
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tropical rain forests
A) maybe be severely degraded or disappear within your lifetime.
B) are destroyed by humans cutting down trees and growing crops.
C) are destroyed by grazing cattle and human settlements.
D) degradation is increasing
E) are damaged by humans cutting down trees, growing crops and grazing cattle, by building settlements, and degradation is increasing and they may be severely damaged or disappear within your lifetime,
Answer: E
Q2) Transpiration from plants
A)Hydrologic
B)Carbon
C)Nitrogen
D)phosphorus
E)sulfur
Answer: A
Q3) Photosynthesis requires both carbon dioxide and water, but could not occur without the input of____________ ______________.
Answer: solar energy
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Biodiversity and Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) It could be said that _____ favored the bee with the larger wingspan, and so the _____ evolved.
A) adaptation, bee
B) evolution, population
C) mutation, bee
D) natural selection, population
E) mutation, population
Q2) An early fox population evolved into the grey fox and arctic fox.
A)functional diversity
B)genetic diversity
C)ecological diversity
D)species diversity
Q3) The variety of genes within a species or population is called the A) species diversity
B) genetic diversity
C) functional diversity
D) ecological diversity
E) molecular diversity
Q4) ____________________ is a significant rise in extinction rates above the background level.
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Chapter 5: Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control
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92 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Insect-eating warblers reduce interspecific competition by which of the following?
A) They migrate into the forests at different times of the year, so that they are not present at the same time.
B) They build their nests in different portions of the same trees.
C) They do not utilize the same tree type or habitat type.
D) They spend a significant portion of their time foraging for insects in different parts of the same trees.
E) They hybridize and produce broods of mixed genetic ancestry.
Q2) A logistic growth curve depicting a population that is limited by a definite carrying capacity is shaped like the letter ____.
A) J
B) L
C) M
D) S
E) U
Q3) On the ecological succession figure, choose the letter that represents the step in which shrubs grow.
Q4) Briefly state why cat litter is a problem for sea otters.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Human Population and Urbanization
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which population growth continues but at a slower and rate.
Q2) Which of the following statements about women's employment/economic status is false?
A) Women do more than half of the work gathering fuelwood.
B) Women do more than half of the work involved in producing food.
C) Women have more than half of the world's assets.
D) Women provide more of the world's health care than all of the world's organized health services put together.
E) Women do almost all domestic work and child care.
Q3) The environmental limits that will control growth of the human population are precisely known by scientists.
A)True B)False
Q4) Explain why as incomes rise we draw more from nature's ecological credit card, and what the suspected consequences are
Q5) Currently there are five hypercities in the world, one of which is Tokyo, Japan.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Climate and Biodiversity
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Climate and vegetation vary with changes in latitude and with changes in
Q2) Humans affect mountain biomes by
A) plowing and conversion of pristine land to cropland
B) depletion of groundwater
C) increased air pollution from urban areas
D) hydroelectric dams and reservoirs
E) establishment of tree plantations
Q3) Fish adapted to cool, dark water are most likely found in the zone of lakes called the A) limnetic zone
B) benthic zone
C) littoral zone
D) profundal zone
E) abyssal zone
Q4) Explain what the difference is between major climate zones and major biomes, and how the two interact.
Q5) The three types of deserts are _____________, _______________, and ___________.
Q6) On the temperate-zone lake figure, choose the zone close to shore in which light reaches all the way to the bottom.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Sustaining Biodiversity: the Species Approach
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Geologic records indicate that the earth has experienced perhaps ________mass extinction(s) where up to ______________percent of the species disappeared.
A) 1, 50
B) 5, 95
C) 1, 95
D) 3, 75
E) 3, 50
Q2) A slow reproduction rate makes a species especially vulnerable to biological extinction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The invasive kudzu vine has no useful properties.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is estimated that from one-fourth to one-half of the world's plant and animal species will suffer premature extinction during this century.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly discuss the giant African snail scenario in Brazil.
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Chapter 9: Sustaining Biodiversity: the Ecosystem Approach
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Sample Questions
Q1) Uncut forests or regenerated forests that have not been significantly impacted by humans or natural disasters for several hundred years or more are known as
Q2) Scientists estimate that _________ __________ _______account for at least 17% of all human-created greenhouse gas emissions.
Q3) The most compelling issue that is causing loss of grasslands in the Western United States is
A) destructive range fires
B) harvesting grasses for hay for domestic animals
C) conversion to cropland
D) Overgrazing
E) intrusion of forests into grassland areas
Q4) A tree harvesting method that involves cutting intermediate-aged or mature trees singly or in small groups is called
A) clear-cutting
B) strip cutting
C) selective cutting
D) patch cutting
E) landscape cutting
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Chapter 10: Food, Soil, and Pest Management
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not one of the three major types of organic fertilizer?
A) green manure
B) sewage sludge
C) compost
D) animal manure
E) All of these are major types of organic fertilizers.
Q2) The following grains are among the world's major food crops except A) Wheat
B) Soybean
C) Rice
D) Corn
E) wheat and corn are major food crops, but not soybeans or rice
Q3) Farmers use alley cropping with row patterns nearly level around hills-not up and down-to dissuade soil erosion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is well-documented that while some synthetc pesticides have caused great harm to living creatures, others have saved lives. Give a brief account of one that has, ironically, saved human lives: DDT.
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Chapter 11: Water Resources and Water Pollution
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Land erosion causes water pollution.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following developments of cultural eutrophication would occur last?
A) fish kills
B) blooms of algae
C) increase in aerobic bacteria
D) increase of plants such as duckweed
E) increase in anaerobic bacteria
Q3) It is most economically and environmentally sound to focus water resource management on
A) increasing the water supply
B) controlling the "mining" of groundwater
C) reducing unnecessary waste of water
D) developing desalination plants
E) cloud seeding and towing icebergs to arid regions
Q4) On the dilution and decay of degradable wastes figure, choose the zone in which the breakdown of degradable wastes by bacteria starts to deplete the dissolved oxygen.
Q5) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of large dams and reservoirs.
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Chapter 12: Geology and Nonrenewable Minerals
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96 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Underwater mountains or ridges usually form at the subduction zone, where two oceanic plates collide.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Assume that the year is 1990 and you are a seeking to establish a business for yourself. Trained as a business person, you wish to become an entrepreneur. You purchase a plot of 40 acres of land, declaring to the federal government that you intend to carry out hard rock mining on this 40 acres, since you believe there are valuable minerals underground on this land. After a couple of years of effort, you decide to pursue other business ventures and sell this land at $5,000 per acre to a person who wishes to establish a dude ranch resort.
Using the U.S. General Mining Law of 1872 as your reference, discuss your original financial investment and your ending financial situation. (Exclude the cost of buildings and equipment for this particular instance.)
Q3) The world's reserves of the strategic mineral tungsten are found in the United States and China, with about half of the total located in each of the two countries
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Energy
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A soft energy path is one that
A) relies on improving energy efficiency and increasing the use of a variety of renewable energy resources
B) relies completely on the use of biofuels
C) relies on the use of liquid fossil fuels
D) relies on the use of soft money for research and development
E) relies on soft coal
Q2) needs a back-up system for cloudy days
A)wind power
B)nuclear power
C)natural gas
D)hydro-electric
E)passive solar
Q3) World oil supplies and prices are expected to be controlled long-term by A) OPEC
B) the United States
C) Mexico
D) Russia
E) Saudi Arabia
Q4) Wind is actually an indirect form of ____________________ energy.
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Chapter 14: Environmental Hazards and Human Health
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97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You were recently hired by WHO (World Health Organization) to investigate the current status of swine flu outbreaks in a certain part of the United States. Your job title would most likely be
A) ecological medicine specialist
B) restoration ecologist
C) remediation ecologist
D) recovery botanical specialist
E) M.D.
Q2) Although it has been largely phased out in most countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports the limited use of ____________________ to control the spread of malaria.
Q3) The major cause of a reduced human life span today is
A) Poverty
B) Smoking
C) Cancer
D) high cholesterol
E) Driving
Q4) Explain why infants and children are more susceptible to the effects of toxic substances than adults are.
Q5) Malaria is transmitted by the ____________________.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone
Depletion
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have been implicated in which of the following?
A) increased global warming
B) increased seawater acidity
C) decreased seawater temperatures
D) both increased global warming and increased seawater acidity
E) both increased global warming and decreased seawater temperatures
Q2) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Ozone in the lower stratosphere shields the earth from about 95% of the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays.
B) CFCs are odorless and stable.
C) CFCs are nonflammable, nontoxic, and noncorrosive.
D) Fluorine atoms are most responsible for the breakdown of ozone to molecular oxygen.
E) CFCs are cheap to produce.
Q3) Is the projected change of the surface temperature of the Earth worrisome? Why?
Q4) On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the layer that contains ozone, which keeps approximately 95% of the sun's ultraviolet radiation from reaching the Earth's surface.
Q5) Based on the figure, which lakes will be mostly affected by acid rain?
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Chapter 16: Solid and Hazardous Waste
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100 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Use less garden pesticides.
A)first priority
B)second priority
C)third priority
Q2) Garbage produced directly by households and businesses accounts for ____ of the solid waste produced in the United States.
A) less than 2%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 15%
E) 20%
Q3) Which area is a methane gas recovery well?
Q4) The first priority of integrated waste management is
A) recycling materials
B) using biodegradable material
C) creating more durable products
D) reducing the amount of materials used
E) Both c and d
Q5) Tires being shredded and converted into surfacing for public roads is an example of
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Chapter 17: Environmental Economics, Politics, and Worldviews
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the first goals for someone who seeks environmental literacy is to develop a respect or reverence for all life.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Economic succession is something that occurs when
A) Changing environmental conditions allow certain species to move into an area and replace other species that are no longer favored by the new conditions.
B) Investment opportunities change in the stock market.
C) Creative destruction causes companies to fail.
D) New and more innovative businesses replace older ones that can no longer thrive under changing economic conditions.
E) None of these answers.
Q3) Strategies to reduce poverty include
A) providing primary education
B) Combating malnutrition
C) Spending more on coal and oil to generate revenue
D) refocusing the national budget to environmental causes
E) Two of the above are correct
Q4) Taxes that discourage pollution are called ____________________.
Page 19
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