Course Introduction
Environmental Chemistry
Final Exam Questions
Environmental Chemistry explores the chemical processes occurring in natural environments and examines the impact of human activity on these systems. The course covers the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in the air, water, and soil, emphasizing issues such as pollution, toxicity, and biogeochemical cycles. Students learn analytical techniques for monitoring environmental contaminants and discuss strategies for pollution prevention and remediation, developing an understanding of how chemical principles inform sustainable solutions to global environmental challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Chemistry For Changing Times 14th Edition by John W. Hill
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22 Chapters
2966 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the chemical symbol for chromium?
A)C
B)Cr
C)Ch
D)Cm
Answer: B
Q2) Green chemistry uses
A)only water as a solvent.
B)materials and processes that are intended to prevent or reduce pollution at its source.
C)only grocery store bought chemicals.
D)reactions that are not heated.
Answer: B
Q3) In order for an experiment to be successful,scientists must be able to control all variables.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q4) Mass is ________ no "matter" where you are in the universe. Answer: constant ("conserved" would work,too)
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Chapter 2: Atoms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The atomic masses for elements are
A)actual masses determined by weighing individual atoms.
B)relative masses determined by comparison with a standard reference.
C)the same as the atomic number.
D)unknown.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following laws is NOT explained by Dalton's atomic theory?
A)the Law of Conservation of Mass
B)the Law of Definite Proportions
C)the Law of Multiple Proportions
D)the periodic law
Answer: D
Q3) The Greek word atomos means A)atom.
B)uncuttable.
C)invisible.
D)continuous.
Answer: B
Q4) Describe what happens in a chemical reaction. Answer: The arrangement of atoms changes.
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Chapter 3: Atomic Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many electrons are there in a Sb atom?
A)51
B)122
C)71
D)33
Answer: A
Q2) How many protons are there in a gold atom? A)16
B)38
C)47 D)79
Answer: D
Q3) How many protons are there in a silver atom? A)16
B)38
C)47
D)79
Answer: C
Q4) Calcium has ________ valence electron(s).
Answer: two
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Chemical Bonds
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many phosphorus atoms are in the formula for potassium dihydrogen phosphate?
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Q2) When magnesium combines with bromine,the bond formed is best classified as A)ionic.
B)polar covalent
C)metallic.
D)nonpolar covalent.
Q3) A central atom that has tetrahedral geometry will have a total of
A)4 electron sets and 0 lone pairs.
B)3 electron sets and 1 lone pairs.
C)2 electron sets and 1 lone pairs.
D)3 electron sets and 0 lone pairs.
Q4) Octet means
A)stable electrons.
B)valence electrons.
C)eight.
D)filled shell.
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Chapter 5: Chemical Accounting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does NOT contain Avogadro's number of particles?
A)1)0 mole of silver
B)23 g of sodium
C)6)02 × 10²³ atoms of aluminum
D)12 g of water
Q2) Tin was among the first metals used by humans.Elemental tin is produced by heating tin(IV)oxide,the principal ore of tin,with carbon.The products of this reaction are tin and carbon dioxide.When the equation is written and balanced,the coefficient of carbon is
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Q3) In the reaction CH + 2 O CO + 2 H O,how many moles of oxygen are required to burn 8.0 g of methane?
A)0.5
B)1.0
C)2.0
D)32
Q4) Balance the equation: Zn + CuSO ZnSO + Cu
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Gases, Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces
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Sample Questions
Q1) Matter is more likely to exist in the ________ state as the temperature is raised.
A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)elemental
Q2) According to the kinetic-molecular theory,gas molecules have
A)strong interactions between molecules.
B)weak interactions between molecules.
C)little distance between molecules.
D)less energy than molecules of a solid.
Q3) Methanol has the formula CH OH.What is the predominant intermolecular force between methanol molecules?
A)dipole forces
B)dispersion forces
C)hydrogen bonds
D)ionic bonds
Q4) Melting is the change from the ________ state to the ________ state.
Q5) Why are the melting points of ionic compounds higher than the melting points of molecular compounds?
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Chapter 7: Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sodium bicarbonate is an old standby antacid.It is not recommended for persons suffering from high blood pressure because
A)it is too strong an acid.
B)it is too strong a base.
C)of the presence of sodium ion.
D)of the presence of bicarbonate ion.
Q2) What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?
A)CaOH
B)Ca OH
C)Ca(OH)
D)CaOH
Q3) Which substance has the highest pH?
A)bile
B)lemon juice
C)pure water
D)milk of magnesia
Q4) Many acid-base indicators can be extracted from fruit skins or flower petals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The cheapest base is ________.
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Chapter 8: Oxidation and Reduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a reaction,the substance undergoing reduction serves as the A)electron donor.
B)proton donor.
C)oxidizing agent.
D)reducing agent.
Q2) The chemical basis of converting light into a photographic silver image is based on the fact that
A)Ag exposed to light is easier to reduce to Ag than unexposed Ag .
B)Ag exposed to light is more difficult to reduce to Ag than unexposed Ag .
C)Ag exposed to light is easier to oxidize to Ag than unexposed Ag .
D)Ag exposed to light is more difficult to oxidize to Ag than unexposed Ag .
Q3) Which metal is contained in the TAML family of catalysts?
A)Cd
B)Pd
C)Fe
D)Mn
Q4) Specialty chemicals are generally much simpler than industrial chemicals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The air that we breathe is composed of approximately ________% oxygen by volume.
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Chapter 9: Organic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glycerol is an alcohol with ________ hydroxyl groups
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
Q2) Draw the structure of a compound that is an isomer of benzene.
Q3) The simplest alkane is A)monane. B)ethane.
C)methane. D)propane.
Q4) Methane,benzene,1-butyne,and 2-pentene are all examples of A)alkenes. B)alkanes.
C)aromatic compounds. D)hydrocarbons.
Q5) Draw an example of an alcohol and name it.
Q6) There are two amines with the formula C H N.Draw and name the two isomers.
Q7) Name and draw the structure of the compound formed by the reaction of ethanol with acetic acid.
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Chapter 10: Polymers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the difference between HDPE and LDPE is NOT correct?
A)HDPE has a higher density than LDPE does.
B)HDPE holds its shape better than LDPE does when they are put into boiling water.
C)HDPE is more flexible than LDPE is.
D)HDPE has fewer side chains branching off from the main chains than LDPE does.
Q2) Polymers can be made from corn,soybeans,and sugarcane.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is a macromolecule?
Q4) In the vulcanization of rubber,sulfur
A)is inserted into the carbon chain.
B)breaks long carbon chains into smaller chains.
C)forms links between polymer chains.
D)links all chains into one long chain.
Q5) Sulfur acts as a cross-linker when rubber is vulcanized.Explain why this cross-linking improves the performance of rubber.
Q6) Distinguish between a polymer like polyethylene and a copolymer like styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Nuclear Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ernest Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 with alpha particles and produced oxygen-17 and a proton.What was the significance of this experiment?
A)It showed that most of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus.
B)It was the first time that protons were produced.
C)It showed that protons were part of the nucleus for an atom other than hydrogen.
D)It showed that the nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
Q2) The radioisotope used to detect anemia is
A)gadolinium-153.
B)iron-59.
C)plutonium-238.
D)iodine-131.
Q3) Thermonuclear reaction
A)is a process in which a large nucleus spontaneously splits into two or more smaller nuclei.
B)is a process in which a large nucleus is bombarded with a neutron and then splits into two or more smaller nuclei.
C)is a process in which smaller nuclei combine to form nuclei.
D)is a process used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Chemistry of the Earth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adding chromium compounds will give glass a green color.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following has led to a rapid increase in the world's population since 1900?
A)an increase in the birth rate
B)a decrease in the birth rate
C)an increase in the death rate
D)a decrease in the death rate
Q3) At the present rate of growth,world population will be approximately ________ billion by 2045.
A)13
B)9
C)16
D)5
Q4) Carbonates are composed of
A)carbon and oxygen.
B)carbon, oxygen and metals.
C)carbon, sulfur and metals.
D)carbohydrates and metals.
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Chapter 13: Air
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major source of photochemical smog is
A)automobile emissions.
B)industrial emissions.
C)fossil fuel power plant emissions.
D)nuclear power plant emissions.
Q2) Liquid crystal display (LCD)monitors have largely replaced cathode ray tube (CRT)display monitors for televisions and computers.Which of the following is a problem that results from use of LCD monitors?
A)The LCD monitors need to be shielded with lead, and lead is a toxic metal.
B)Large amounts of nitrogen trifluoride (NF )are used in production of LCDs, and much of it is released to the atmosphere.NF is a greenhouse gas that is much more efficient at trapping atmospheric heat than other greenhouse gases, such as CO .
C)LCD monitors use less energy than CRT monitors do.
D)Manufacturing of LCD monitors releases much more CO into the atmosphere than manufacturing of CRT monitors did.
Q3) What factors would you need to include in a complete evaluation of the environmental cost of a gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle?
Q4) List three sources of indoor pollution.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Water
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the advantages of treating sewage effluent with ozone as opposed to chlorine is
A)O is more effective in killing viruses.
B)O is more effective in killing bacteria.
C)O provides a residual protection against bacteria.
D)O is less expensive.
Q2) One of the potential problems with chlorination of waste water is that it
A)provides no residual protection.
B)is ineffective against pathogenic bacteria.
C)produces low levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons.
D)is more expensive than other approaches.
Q3) Each person in the United States flushes approximately 8,000 L of drinking quality water down the toilet each year.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The volume of water increases as it freezes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Nitrates contaminate many wells in agricultural areas.Why?
Q6) Why is it virtually impossible to find pure water on Earth?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) For most uses,the most convenient form of energy is A)chemical.
B)electrical.
C)mechanical.
D)solar.
Q2) What metal,when added as a compound,increases octane rating of gasoline?
A)Pb
B)Na
C)Ag
D)Au
Q3) Burning 1.00 mol of methane to form carbon dioxide and water produces 192 kcal of energy.How much energy is produced when 5.00 mol of methane is burned?
Q4) The primary element in coal is A)carbon.
B)silicon.
C)oxygen.
D)chlorine.
Q5) A high EROEI value is desirable. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Biochemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Starch and Cellulose are examples of ________.
Q2) Changing one amino acid in a protein sequence will always have a negative effect. A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the four types of protein structure.
Q4) A disulfide linkage in a protein is a(n)
A)ionic bond between sulfur atoms on different amino acids.
B)covalent bond between sulfur atoms on different amino acids.
C)hydrogen bond between sulfur atoms on different amino acids.
D)hydrophobic interaction between sulfur atoms on different amino acids.
Q5) The series of chemical reactions that keep cells alive are known as metabolism. A)True
B)False
Q6) The substructures that distinguish plant and animal cells are A)ribosomes.
B)nuclei.
C)mitochondria.
D)chloroplasts.
Q7) Fats are esters of ________ and glycerol.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Food
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a natural antioxidant?
A)vitamin C
B)vitamin E
C)BHA
D)cellulose
Q2) What are the origins of the word "vitamin"?
Q3) The class of foods that has the highest caloric value is A)carbohydrates.
B)fats.
C)protein.
D)vitamins.
Q4) One serving of chunk light tuna in water contains 0.5 g of fat. (1 g fat = 9 kcal.)The total food calories in one serving is 60.What percentage of calories come from fat?
A)< 1%
B)7)5%
C)15%
D)75%
Q5) What makes a low calorie sweetener low calorie?
Q6) The body stores some excess glucose as glycogen in the ________ and
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Chapter 18: Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT used for treating hypertension?
A)beta blockers
B)calcium channel blockers
C)depressants
D)diuretics
Q2) Which of the following statements about vaccines is NOT correct?
A)Smallpox vaccinations are no longer given in the United States.
B)The MMR vaccine should be given to children before they enter kindergarten.
C)There is no proven link between the MMR vaccine and autism.
D)One of the earliest vaccines protected people against smallpox.
Q3) Every single ingredient analgesic product on the market today contains one of four ingredients.One of the ingredients is aspirin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The amphetamines are structurally similar to A)neurotransmitters.
B)narcotics.
C)hormones.
D)prostaglandins.
Q5) An antipyretic is a drug that reduces ________.
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Chapter 19: Fitness and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Weight training will increase the capacity for aerobic exercise.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A benefit of exercise is that the metabolic rate is increased during the exercise and it continues at an elevated level for several hours after the exercise is completed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Methyl salicylate is used as a rub-on type drug for sore muscles.It is a(n)________.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT commonly known to be a vitamin deficiency disease?
A)beriberi
B)cancer
C)scurvy
D)pellagra
Q5) An oxygen debt is incurred when a person is engaged in
A)aerobic exercise.
B)anaerobic exercise.
C)electrolytic depletion.
D)overeating.
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Chapter 20: Chemistry Down on the Farm
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the compound that is NOT a pesticide.
A)carbaryl.
B)atrazine.
C)cryolite.
D)boric acid.
Q2) Juvenile hormones are chemicals
A)that speed up the maturation of insects.
B)that slow down the maturation of insects.
C)that halt maturation of insects.
D)that kill juvenile insects before they mature.
Q3) The three primary plant nutrients are
A)phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium.
B)phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen.
C)magnesium, phosphorus and nitrogen.
D)calcium, potassium and magnesium.
Q4) As the LD of a substance decreases,the toxicity of the substance ________.
Q5) More nitrogen is fixed by lightning than by bacteria.
A)True
B)False
Q6) An early source of phosphorus for agriculture was ________.
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Chapter 21: Household Chemicals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Petroleum solvents are safe to use with open flames.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Surfactants that carry a negative charge are known as cationic surfactants.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A cleaning product that may contain either ammonia or vinegar in a dilute solution of isopropyl (rubbing)alcohol would be used as a(n)
A)toilet bowl cleaner.
B)oven cleaner.
C)glass cleaner.
D)drain cleaner.
Q4) Colognes are about ________% as strong as perfumes.
A)1
B)5
C)50
D)10
Q5) Alcohol ethoxylates are more soluble in cold water than in hot water.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Poisons
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Sample Questions
Q1) Toxicology is the study of ________.
Q2) Which of the following has been shown to be involved in roughly 60% of lung cancers?
A)aromatic amines
B) -carotene
C)hydroxytoluene (BHT)
D)P53 gene mutations
Q3) Which of the following is the most hazardous teratogen,in terms of the greatest number of babies affected?
A)birth control pills
B)ethyl alcohol
C)acetaminophen
D)heroin
Q4) The National Academy of Sciences recommends that new,inexpensive and rapid tests that can analyze many compounds for chemical safety be developed.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name the poison in rosary pea seeds.
Q6) What type of damage do all corrosive poisons cause to living tissue?
Page 24
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