Course Introduction
Environmental Chemistry
Exam Materials
Environmental Chemistry explores the chemical processes occurring in natural environments, examining how human activities and natural phenomena alter the composition, structure, and function of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. The course emphasizes the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in air, water, and soil, including pollutants and naturally occurring compounds. It integrates foundational chemical concepts with practical issues such as energy production, waste management, and pollution remediation, providing students with both theoretical knowledge and applied skills necessary to analyze and address contemporary environmental challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Conceptual Chemistry 5th Edition by John A. Suchocki
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17 Chapters
2174 Verified Questions
2174 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: About Science
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be considered basic research?
A) examining why a mouse likes cheddar cheese more than swiss cheese
B) studying ways of catching mice safely
C) testing the strength of a mouse cage
D) examining how quickly a trapdoor closes
E) testing a safe, nontoxic mouse glue
Answer: A
Q2) Global climate change is a ________.
A) theory
B) natural law
C) hypothesis
D) potential consequence
Answer: D
Q3) As a scientist, what are the most realistic dangers of trying to prove a theory a "right"?
A) You are no longer open to other possibilities.
B) You might convince others to see things only "your" way.
C) You might subconsciously use only the data that fits your model.
D) There is no danger, you are right when you are right.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Particles of Matter
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes a gas?
A) The molecules are moving quickly and are widely spaced.
B) The molecules are moving slowly and closely spaced.
C) The material has a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
D) The material has a fixed volume but has no definite shape.
E) The molecules are closely spaced but in random fashion.
Answer: A
Q2) Why do we use different units for mass and weight?
A) They are two different quantities.
B) Mass is metric and weight is U.S Customary Standard.
C) Weight is metric and mass is U.S Customary Standard.
D) Weight is how heavy something is and mass is how much space it takes up.
E) Actually, mass and weight share the same units.
Answer: A
Q3) Dmitri Mendeleev's chart of elements ________.
A) was used as a calendar
B) placed elements together with similar properties
C) shifted the elements to fill in the gaps
D) had many defects because of unknown elements
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Elements of Chemistry
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many dry cereals are fortified with iron, which is added to the cereal in the form of small iron particles. How might these particles be separated from the cereal?
A) add water and the iron particles will float to the top
B) blend the cereal to a fine consistency and pass through a filter
C) collect the iron filings with a magnet
D) heat the cereal so that the iron particles melt and thereby coalesce
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is not the name of a chemical family?
A) heavy metals
B) transition metals
C) alkali metals
D) alkaline-earth metals
E) noble gases
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Subatomic Particles
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146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best describes electromagnetic radiation?
A) Light waves are oscillations of electric and magnetic fields.
B) All light energy is visible.
C) Light energy is due to vibrations in the air.
D) Light waves propagate through a medium called ether, similar to waves in water.
E) Light is due to oscillations in the nucleus of atoms.
Q2) If an element has 18 protons and 20 neutrons and 18 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?
A) argon-38
B) argon-18
C) argon-20
D) calcium-38
E) calcium-20
Q3) Which of the following is a property of light?
A) It is a wave.
B) It is a particle.
C) Its energy comes in packets of uniform size.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The Atomic Nucleus
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following might be considered a viable application of a radioactive tracer?
A) adding a stream of radioisotopes to waste water to examine where pollution goes when it flows into the ocean
B) placing radioactive sources around a room to trace the location of people as they move through the room
C) embedding a radioactive plug in a valuable necklace so that its location can be determined using a Geiger counter
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q2) Which of the following statements about radiation is true?
A) Radiation can be a useful tool. Like fire, it is only dangerous when misused.
B) Radiation is new: It is a man-made phenomenon.
C) Radiation has no beneficial health applications.
D) all of the above
E) only A or B
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Chapter 6: How Atoms Bond
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why does an atom with many valence electrons tend to gain electrons rather than lose any?
A) Atoms with many valence electrons tend to have relatively weak forces of attraction between the valence electrons and the nucleus. Therefore, the outer electrons are free to attract other electrons.
B) There is stability in numbers. Atoms with many valence electrons are always attracting new electrons.
C) The old adage that "he who has, gets" is also true in atomic structure. Atoms with many valence electrons can essentially overpower atoms with few valence electrons and attract additional electrons.
D) Atoms with many valence electrons tend to have relatively strong forces of attraction between the valence electrons and the nucleus. This makes it easy for them to gain additional electrons.
Q2) How many more electrons can fit within the valence shell of a hydrogen atom?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 7
D) 0
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Chapter 7: How Molecules Mix
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157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following might have the best solubility in water?
A) CH<sub>3</sub>OH
B) Cl<sub>2</sub>
C) O<sub>2</sub>
D) CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
E) none of the above
Q2) If the solubility of a compound is 72 grams per liter at a given temperature, how many grams of the compound will dissolve in 0.50 liters at the same temperature?
A) 36 g
B) 72 g
C) 144 g
D) 30 g
E) none of the above
Q3) Which of the following would have the highest boiling point?
A) C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>
B) C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub>
C) C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub>
D) C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>26</sub>
E) not enough information given
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Page 9
Chapter 8: How Water Behaves
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140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Does putting a lid over a pot of water on a stove shorten the time it takes for the water to come to a boil? After the water is boiling, does use of the lid shorten the cooking time of food?
A) No, the boiling point of water is always 100°C, so the lid would have no effect on how long it takes for water to reach that temperature. however, food cooks faster with a lid because heat is held inside the pot.
B) Yes, since the pressure is increased under the lid the boiling temperature is lower; however, after the water boils, the increased pressure would prevent gas bubbles from escaping so the food cooks in about the same amount of time as without a lid.
C) Yes, the trapped heat quickens boiling; the lid also increases pressure on the boiling water which raises its boiling temperature, cooking food in a shorter time.
D) No, it takes longer to boil the water because the increased pressure in the pot raises water's boiling point. Food will cook faster because the temperature of the water is higher.
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Chapter 9: How Chemicals React
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many people hear about atmospheric ozone depletion and wonder why we don't simply replace that which has been destroyed. Knowing about CFCs and how catalysts work, explain how this would not be a lasting solution.
A) The amount of energy required to create and transport sufficient ozone to the stratosphere would would be cost prohibitive.
B) Governments would be too slow to respond as they argued about who should shoulder the burden of undertaking such an endeavor.
C) Any ozone we placed into the stratosphere would be destroyed by the same catalytic action that destroys naturally occurring stratospheric ozone.
D) all of the above
Q2) Which of the following has the greatest mass?
A) 1 mole of Pb
B) 1 mole of H<sub>2</sub>
C) 1 mole of Be
D) 1 mole of Na
E) All have the same mass.
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11
Chapter 10: Acids and Bases in Our Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens to the pH of soda water as it loses its carbonation?
A) It does not change since the carbonation has nothing to do with pH.
B) It decreases as it loses the carbon dioxide molecules which form the carbonic acid in the soda.
C) It increases as it loses the carbon dioxide molecules which form the carbonic acid in the soda.
D) It decreases as the soda becomes more concentrated through the loss of the carbon dioxide gases.
Q2) If we were to lower our rate of CO<sub>2</sub> production by a third-down from 9 to 6 billion tons per year-the concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere should ________.
A) start to decrease
B) reach a steady state
C) continue to increase
D) It depends upon whether there are any major volcanic eruptions.
Q3) Which of the following statements about strong or weak bases is true?
A) A weak base completely separates into ions in water.
B) A weak base will not react with a strong acid.
C) A strong base is always corrosive.
D) A strong base will readily accept protons from even weak acids.
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Chapter 11: Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World
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138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What might the relationship be between an element's ionization energy and its ability to behave as an oxidizing agent?
A) As the ionization energy increases, the ability of an element to act as an oxidizing agent increases.
B) As the ionization energy increases, the ability of an element to act as an oxidizing agent decreases.
C) As the ionization energy increases, the ability of an element to act as an oxidizing agent stays the same.
D) none of the above
Q2) In one type of fuel cell, the following oxidation-reduction reactions are taking place: 2 H<sub>2 </sub>+ O<sub>2</sub> 2 H<sub>2</sub>O
What is the oxidant?
A) H<sub>2</sub>
B) O<sub>2</sub>
C) H<sub>2</sub>O
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Organic Compounds
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164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens when you use a monomer with more than two functional groups?
A) The polymer cannot be remelted.
B) Nothing happens.
C) The polymer does not form.
D) The polymer has a higher molecular weight.
E) The polymer is softer and more flexible.
Q2) How many different isomers of 3-methyl-2-pentene are there?
A) 5
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Q3) A common approach to building a complex organic molecule is called ________.
A) an elucidation synthesis
B) a natural products mimick
C) a retrosynthetic analysis
D) a C<sub>1</sub> to C<sub>n</sub> construction
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Chapter 13: Nutrients of Life
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138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Starch is a polysaccharide that ________.
A) is made by plants to store energy
B) is made by animals to store energy
C) is an insoluble fiber
D) aids in the digestion process
E) none of the above
Q2) Metabolism includes ________.
A) catabolism
B) anabolism
C) cellular respiration
D) all of the above
Q3) When an unknown peptide containing five amino acids is treated with an enzyme that hydrolyzes only the serine-leucine peptide bond, the fragments Leu-Cys, Ser, Leu-Ser are formed. What was the original amino acid sequence in the peptide?
A) Cys-Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu
B) Leu-Cys-Leu-Ser
C) Leu-Ser-Leu-Cys
D) Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu-Cys
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15
Chapter 14: Medicinal Chemistry
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85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is untrue in the lock-and-key model?
A) The drug is tightly bound to the protein.
B) More than one drug can interact with same receptor site.
C) Drugs can interact differently with different receptors.
D) Drugs can interact strongly with more than one receptor site.
E) All of the above are true.
Q2) Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely help (or hinder) us complete the following activity? meditate
A) dopamine
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) GABA
E) serotonin
Q3) Organic chemicals are so suitable for making drugs because ________.
A) our bodies are also made of organic chemicals
B) they can be produced fairly inexpensively from petroleum
C) of the vast diversity of structures they can form
D) they tend to dissolve well within the blood stream
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16
Chapter 15: Optimizing Food Production
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A) Plants cannot obtain nitrogen directly from the air.
B) The roots of a plant provide nitrogen required for plant growth.
C) Lightning striking the soil is the leading cause of water soluble nitrogen salts.
D) All of the above are true.
E) none of the above
Q2) Which of the following is a straight fertilizer?
A) NH<sub>3</sub>
B) NaNO<sub>3</sub>
C) NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>
D) All of the above are straight fertilizers.
E) These are all synthetic fertilizers.
Q3) What is the difference between synthetic and natural fertilizers?
A) There is no difference chemically, just that synthetics are mixed in different proportions.
B) Synthetics come from artificial processes such as the Haber process.
C) Natural fertilizers are all mined.
D) Natural fertilizers are all obtained from decay of organic matter.
E) none of the above
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Protection Water and Air Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why might nitrogen monoxide (NO) concentrations decrease as the day progresses?
A) Morning rush hour traffic has ended.
B) Plant photosynthesis starts when the sun rises.
C) Solar energy causes the reactions that consume NO.
D) The organisms that produce NO are anaerobic and there is more oxygen in the morning.
E) I don't NO.
Q2) What powers the hydrologic cycle?
A) solar energy
B) wind energy
C) gravity
D) nuclear fission
E) none of the above
Q3) How is global temperature estimated from ice samples?
A) by looking at the types of gases dissolved in the ice
B) by measuring the density of the ice
C) by measuring the depth of the ice
D) by looking at the pollen trapped in the air pockets in the ice
E) none of the above
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Capturing Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where does the chemical energy in fossil fuels ultimately come from?
A) solar radiation
B) the soil
C) wind energy
D) nuclear fission
E) none of the above
Q2) Why would a chain-reaction control substance that loses neutron-absorbing power as its temperature increases be dangerous?
A) Because it would start to emit protons.
B) Neutrons would start to collide with each other and that would be bad.
C) It would be unusually radioactive.
D) Unhindered neutrons would cause a meltdown.
Q3) Why are gas turbines more efficient at generating electricity than steam turbines?
A) Gas is combustible, but steam is not.
B) Electricity conducts better through the gas exhausts, which are ionized.
C) Water has a relatively high specific heat capacity.
D) Their hot combustion products provide more energy to turn the turbine.
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