Environment and Society
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Environment and Society explores the complex and dynamic relationships between human societies and the natural environment. The course examines how cultural, economic, political, and technological factors shape our perceptions and uses of the environment, and how environmental changes, in turn, affect societies. Topics include environmental policy, resource management, sustainability, environmental justice, and the global challenges posed by climate change and biodiversity loss. Through interdisciplinary perspectives and case studies, students will develop a critical understanding of the impact of human activity on the environment and the importance of integrating social and ecological considerations in decision-making processes.
Recommended Textbook
The Geography of North America Environment Culture Economy 2nd Edition by Susan W. Hardwick
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) The combined area of Canada and the United States covers about what percent of the world's land area?
A)5%
B)13%
C)25%
D)40%
Answer: B
Q2) A region created by a shared set of links or spatial interactions is called what?
A)A functional region
B)A formal region
C)A perceptual region
D)A core region
Answer: A
Q3) An area of near uniformity in one or more characteristics is called what?
A)A functional region
B)A formal region
C)A perceptual region
D)A core region
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: North America's Environmental Setting
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Q1) The study of the environmental characteristics of Earth is called what?
A)Human geography
B)Physical geography
C)Earth studies
D)Environmental geography
Answer: B
Q2) In general,warmer air masses can hold ________ moisture than colder air masses.
A)More
B)Less
C)About the same
D)Actually there isn't a stable relationship between temperature and moisture in the air.
Answer: A
Q3) The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain physiographic province has which of the following characteristics?
A)Many fertile swamps and marshes
B)Low,rolling hills
C)Folding,uplift,and faulting
D)Small mountain ranges and flat valleys
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Historical Settlement of North America
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Q1) What is the term for the transfer of various species,such as crops,diseases,between the "New World" and Europe?
A)The Columbian Exchange
B)The Feral Exchange
C)Panethnotransference
D)Cultural Diffusion
Answer: A
Q2) The population of the United States grew from about 17 million in 1840 to more than 105 million in 1920 largely as a result of ________.
Answer: immigration
Q3) Before European settlement in North America,population densities of Native Americans/First Nations were the greatest in which region?
A)The Pacific Northwest,California,and present-day Southeastern United States
B)The Northeast (Atlantic Periphery)and around the Great Lakes
C)The Great Plains,Rocky Mountains,and Intermontane West
D)The Southwest and Hawaii
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: North American Political Economy
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Q1) In North America the majority of workers are employed in which sector(s)of the economy?
A)Primary
B)Primary and Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Tertiary and Quaternary
Q2) Military bases and spending are associated with what part of North America?
A)The Pacific Northwest and Intermontane West
B)The South and the Sun Belt
C)Eastern Canada and New England
D)The Great Plains and Rocky Mountains
Q3) The majority of people in various areas of the United States have tended to favor introverted or extroverted foreign policy.What is the main factor then seems to influence people's attitude towards foreign policy?
A)Their religious attitudes
B)How foreign policy might impact their region's economy
C)Whether the area is mostly rural or mostly urban
D)How many immigrants live in the area
Q4) After the construction of ________ many Americans moved away from the center of cities.
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Chapter 5: The Atlantic Periphery
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Q1) About 20,000 people of African descent live in Nova Scotia.Which of the following is a not true statement about the ancestry of these people?
A)Many are descendants of African-American loyalists who arrived in Nova Scotia during the American Revolution
B)Many are descendants of escaped African-American slaves
C)In the 20th and 21st centuries many Afro-Caribbean people migrated to Nova Scotia
D)Many came from West Africa during the 20 century as refugees
Q2) Which of the following is an example of the impacts of glaciers on the landscape of the Atlantic Periphery?
A)The few lakes or ponds
B)The rugged coastline and many harbors
C)The rich soil
D)The collapse of the Great Stone Face
Q3) ________ from Newfoundland became an important source of protein in North America as well as Europe in the 16th century,while white pine trees were crafted into ________.
Q4) One example of the impacts of glaciation on the landscape of the Atlantic Periphery is the ________.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Quebec
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Q1) Plan a trip to visit Quebec and outline at least four stops,including what you would be interested in seeing in each place.
Q2) About what proportion of Quebec's population speak French as their native language?
A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%
Q3) Which of the following names refers specifically to French speaking residents of Quebec?
A)Anglophones
B)Francophones
C)Allophones
D)Quebecois
Q4) Which of the following is an important part of the primary sector in Quebec?
A)Farming
B)Automobile manufacturing
C)Tourism
D)Logging
Q5) The French explorer Jacques Cartier came to Quebec in 1534 looking for ________.
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Chapter 7: Megalopolis
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Q1) Which factors contributed to the establishment of the Northeast as a core area within the world economy?
A)Northeastern cities had excellent locations for international trade
B)New European immigrants provided cheap labor for factories
C)The Erie Canal and railroads gave easy access to the resources of the interior
D)Eastern cities had the nation's largest supply of capital which provided the money needed to support business
E)All of the above contributed
Q2) Currently the major tourist attraction in Atlantic City is ________.
Q3) What type of natural hazard does the text associate with disruptions of roads and trains in the Washington,D.C.,area as well has flight delays at Reagan International Airport,one of the busiest airports in the United States?
A)Flooding
B)Earthquakes
C)Blizzards
D)Hurricanes
Q4) The population of ________ peaked 1950 at about 2.1 million and is currently around 1.6 million.
Q5) Today,the largest employer in the Washington,D.C.,area is the ________.
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Chapter 8: The Great Lakes and Corn Belt
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Q1) In the 1783 Treaty of Paris,the British agreed to give up land bounded by the Great Lakes,Ohio River,and the Mississippi River to America.This area became known at that time as what?
A)The Heartland
B)The Western Woodland
C)The Buckeye Region
D)The Old Northwest
Q2) The cities of Oshawa,Hamilton,St.Catherine's Niagara,and Toronto are all located on the shores of Lake Ontario and form one of the most highly populated corridors in Canada.This region is called ________.
A)The Ontario Industrial Region
B)The Golden Horseshoe
C)L'arc Prospère
D)The Silver Crescent
Q3) The Great Migration significantly expanded cities north of the ________.
A)Mississippi River
B)Mason Dixon Line
C)Great Lakes
D)Ohio River
Q4) Much of the Great Lakes / Corn Belt's topography was formed by ________.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Inland South
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Q1) If you were to drive from Raleigh,North Carolina,on the western edge of the Atlantic Coastal Plain,west towards the Mississippi river,what landforms would you pass through? (in order)
A)The Piedmont,the Appalachian Mountains,and the North American central lowland.
B)The Appalachian Mountains,the Ozarks,and the North American central lowland.
C)The Atlantic Coastal Plain,The North American central lowland,and the Appalachian Mountains.
D)The North American central lowlands,the Ozarks,and the Ouachitas
Q2) What national park,located in the Inland South,is the nation's most frequently visited?
A)Yellowstone
B)Great Smokey Mountains
C)The Black Hills
D)Serpent Mound
Q3) What factors in both the South and North led African Americans to relocate during the Great Migration?
Q4) What factors led to increased contact between the Inland South and the more populous North during the early to mid 20 century? What impacts did this contact have?
Q5) What factors have led to population growth in the Inland South since the 1960s?
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Chapter 10: The Coastal South
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Q1) The population of Miami is usually thought of as being diverse and what?
A)Homogeneous
B)Cosmopolitan
C)Conservative
D)Provincial
Q2) The mild climate and easy access to overseas transportation of the Coastal South have made it a center for what tertiary sector industry?
A)Retail sales
B)Healthcare
C)The U.S.military
D)Banking
Q3) Compare the cultural and economic characteristics of Houston with one other city in the Coastal South? How are these two cities different? Are there any similarities?
Q4) The Louisiana Purchase involved a transfer of sovereignty from what country to the United States?
A)France
B)Spain
C)Mexico
D)Britain
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Chapter 11: The Great Plains
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Q1) The tiny town of Nicodemus,Kansas was designated a National Historic Landmark because historically its residents were ________.
Q2) Relative to many other parts of North America,the Great Plains has ________ elderly in relation to the number of younger residents.
Q3) Chinook winds frequently bring warm temperatures to the Great Plains,even in the middle of winter.Why are these winds so warm?
A)Volcanic activity in the Rockies warms the air before it reaches the plains.
B)Air as it descends tends to expand causing a warming effect.
C)Warm air from the Gulf of Mexico meets the cold,dry air from the Arctic.
D)Increasing pressure warms the air as it descends down the slopes of the Rocky Mountains.
Q4) The discovery of what resource,in 1874,in the Black Hills of South Dakota caused the U.S.government to break their treaty with the Dakota Sioux?
A)Oil
B)Copper
C)Silver
D)Gold
Q5) The Hudson Bay Company ________ settlement in the Canadian Great Plains.
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Chapter 12: The Rocky Mountains
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Q1) The ________ part of the Rockies receives the most precipitation.
A)Western
B)Eastern
C)Northern
D)Southern
Q2) The highest peak in the Rocky Mountains is located in what part of the Rocky Mountains?
A)The Southern Rockies in Colorado
B)The greater Yellowstone Mountains in Wyoming
C)The Canadian Rockies in British Columbia
D)The Bitterroot Range in Western Montana
Q3) Most of the water in the Rocky Mountain region comes from ________.
Q4) The first Europeans to explore the Rocky Mountain Region where largely looking for what resource?
A)Fur
B)Lumber
C)Gold
D)Oil
Q5) Glacial moraines are composed of ________.
Q6) Glaciers are to U-shaped valleys as ________ are to V-shaped valleys.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Intermontane West
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Q1) More than 50% of the land in Idaho,Nevada,and Utah is owned by ________.
Q2) Looking at the map (Figure 13.13),which Western state has the most Uranium deposits?
A)Colorado
B)Arizona
C)Nevada
D)Wyoming
Q3) Population growth caused by mining booms in the Intermontane resulted in populations that ________.
Q4) Most Native American settlements in the Intermontane were located near what?
A)Mountains
B)Rivers
C)Forests
D)Rocky areas
Q5) Which of the following locations is associated with the development of the atomic bomb during WWII?
A)Los Alamos
B)Los Angeles
C)Las Vegas
D)Area 51
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Chapter 14: MexAmerica
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Q1) What physical boundary separates the United States from Mexico along much of its border?
A)The Pecos River
B)The Red River
C)The Colorado River
D)The Rio Grande
Q2) One of the primary reasons Spanish explorers such as Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explored MexAmerica was that they were looking for what?
A)Oil
B)High quality farm land
C)Gold
D)The fountain of youth
Q3) The physical geography of parts of New Mexico and West Texas,including Big Bend National Park are an extension of what?
A)The Great Plains
B)The Gulf Coastal Plain
C)The Rocky Mountains
D)The Intermontane
Q4) After 1880,large numbers of Mexicans migrated to South Texas because ________.
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Chapter 15: California
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Q1) What California county grew from less than 150,000 people around 1950 to more than 3 million today and became associated with rapid,sprawling suburban development?
A)Fresno County
B)San Francisco County
C)Marin County
D)Orange County
Q2) The highest concentration of wealthy people in California live near ________.
Q3) Which of the following is the water-control project that takes water from the Owens Valley and sends it to Los Angeles?
A)The California Aqueduct.
B)The Hetch Hetchy Project.
C)The Central Valley Project.
D)The Los Angeles Water Project.
Q4) The primary direction of movement along the San Andreas Fault is what?
A)Horizontal
B)Vertical
C)Oblique
D)Normal
Q5) In California deserts occur in ________.
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Chapter 16: The Pacific Northwest
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Q1) Pikes Place Market in Seattle and Portland's Saturday Market are examples of the increasing importance of ________ to the economy of the Pacific Northwest.
Q2) To the east of the Cascades,the "Palouse" or "Inland Empire" is known for growing what crops?
A)Blueberries,Oats,and grapes
B)Wheat,apples,and grapes
C)Wheat,blueberries,and pears
D)Pears,apples,and oats
Q3) The Pacific Northwest has become an increasingly popular destination for tourists.Describe three places you would visit on a trip to the region and what attractions you would visit or activities you would participate in.
Q4) The Klamath mountains are located on the border between ________.
Q5) Crater Lake in south-central Oregon,one of the deepest lakes in the world,was created by ________.
Q6) The orographic rainfall on experienced on the western side of the Cascades is caused by ________.
Q7) How did WWII impact the economy of the Pacific Northwest?
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Chapter 17: Hawai'i and the Pacific Islands
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Q1) Papah nh naumoku kea Marine National Monument is ________.
A)Dedicated to the Hawaii'an Marines lost in the Pacific during WWII
B)One of Hawaii's most visited beaches on the Island of Honolulu
C)The single largest marine conservation area under the U.S.flag
D)Dedicated to the European explorer known as the "great circumnavigator" who discovered the Hawaii'an Islands,and is at the site of his death
Q2) Sugar production in Hawai'i has declined since World War II because of ________.
Q3) The two smaller islands located in the county of Maui,to the west of the island of Maui,are ________,which for most of the 20th century was owned by Dole,and ________,which is a sacred site for Native Hawai'ians.
Q4) Define the concept of 'elasticity of demand' using an example from Hawai'i.
Q5) Archeologists believe that the first island to have been discovered by Pacific Islanders from Polynesia was ________.
A)Kauai
B)Niihau
C)Molokai
D)Lanai
Q6) The most dangerous natural hazard experienced in Hawai'i is ________.
Q7) Explain what trade winds are and why they are called "trade" winds.
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Chapter 18: The Far North
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Q1) Climate trends in the Far North have shown considerable warming,due to global climate change,during ________.
A)The past decade
B)The past three decades
C)The past nine decades
D)The past fifteen decades
Q2) The Far North is that area where the growing season is too short for successful commercial agricultural on a regular basis,the land base is too poor,and ________.
A)Fishing is the main industry.
B)Most of the land is an ecological preserve.
C)The land is covered in ice.
D)The climate is rigorous.
Q3) The first group to move into the Far North were the ancestors of the ________.
A)Aleuts
B)Inuit
C)Athabascans
D)Algonquins
Q4) It is more expensive to produce petroleum in the Far North because of ________ and ________.
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Chapter 19: The Future of North America
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Q1) During which of the following periods did Canada and the U.S have the most restrictive immigration laws.
A)1890s-1920s
B)1920s-1960s
C)1960s-2000s
D)1810s-1890s
Q2) Give three examples of the factors that have allowed people in the late 20th centuries to stay connected with family and friends even when they don't live in spatial proximity.
Q3) In the 1930s,the ratio of retirees to working people was about 1:30,whereas today it is about what?
A)1:20
B)1:8
C)1:40
D)1:3
Q4) The implementation of policies intended to enhance the quality of the environment for future generations is known as ________.
Q5) Using an example from North America,explain the concept of the Tragedy of the Commons.
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