Entrepreneurship Research Methods
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Entrepreneurship Research Methods explores the key qualitative and quantitative research techniques used to investigate entrepreneurial phenomena. Students will learn how to design research projects, collect and analyze data, and critically evaluate studies within entrepreneurship contexts. The course covers topics such as case study development, survey methodologies, interviews, ethnographic methods, and the application of statistical tools relevant to entrepreneurship. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, formulating research questions, and interpreting findings to provide actionable insights for both academic and practical advancements in the field of entrepreneurship.
Recommended Textbook Business Research Methods 1st Edition by
William G. Zikmund
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Business Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fourth framework of the four frameworks approach is:
A)the analytical framework
B)the concluding framework.
C)the delta framework.
D)the key framework.
Answer: A
Q2) Positivists see the world as having one reality of which we are all a part.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Methodology refers to the way in which the research is carried out, the philosophical principles underpinning the research, and the data collection methods used to carry out the research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Ontology is the study of the nature of reality
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Developing Research Skills
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Q1) The work of every researcher is both theoretical and applied. Theory is to be found in literature, i.e. in books, journal articles, in theses, in government reports and papers, in the published works of company's and NGO's, and in the reports of conference proceedings. The applied aspect of the research task is in the actual work involved in carrying out research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The well-conceptualised research statement or question is the conceptual framework for the research project. On this framework rest the other three frameworks in the four frameworks approach to the research project, the theoretical framework, the methodological framework and the analytical framework.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The objectives of the research are similar to the aim of the research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Understanding Research Ethics
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Q1) The informed consent form, as well as providing a record of consent to participate in the research project, can serve as a prompt for ethical reflection, and it can provide an insight into the ethical standards of the research project.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The ethical standards of the research project are evident to the reader of the research project in:
A)The first chapter of the research project.
B)Every element of the written record of the research (the thesis or the report of the research).
C)The formal ethical reflection on the research in the research methodology section of the report of the research.
D)Their assessment of the manner in which the researcher engaged with the population of the research.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Understanding Research Philosophy
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Q1) All research is about the generation of knowledge.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Positivism, Constructivism and Interpretivism are:
A)Data gathering methods.
B)Data analysis techniques.
C)Data management techniques.
D)Fundamental philosophical frameworks
Q3) The epistemological positions we are concerned with are:
A)Positivism, constructionism and interpretivism.
B)Quantitative and qualitative.
C)Detailed in the model of the research process.
D)Too numerous to list here.
Q4) The issue of fit in the context of the research project means that:
A)All the different aspects of the research project should fit together.
B)That the research project should fit with all of the other assignments the student is required to complete.
C)That the researcher should be able to fit the research into their schedule.
D)That the data collection methods should fit into the time allowed for data gathering.
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Chapter 5: Developing a Research Proposal
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Q1) Ideas for good research projects are:
A)Developed from protracted discussions with lecturers.
B)Rare.
C)The preserve of great scholars.
D)Everywhere.
Q2) Your research idea is:
A)The last step in the research process.
B)The product of the vague thinking you have about your research project.
C)The broad area within which you want to situate your research.
D)Your well defined, well conceptualised research statement or question.
Q3) The research statement or question, the conceptual framework for the research drives:
A)The researcher in the work of carrying out the research.
B)The relationship between the researcher and her/his supervisor.
C)Every element of the research process.
D)The process of gaining approval for the research.
Q4) Spidergrams are a good way of exploring ideas and developing ideas.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a research proposal?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Reviewing the Literature
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Q1) Why does the researcher undertake a review of the literature?
Q2) The process of reviewing the literature begins as soon as:
A)The researcher can make time for it.
B)The aim and objectives of the research have been outlined.
C)The researcher has decided to undertake a research project.
D)The research proposal is completed.
Q3) Media reports of research are presented usually:
A)At the end of the media report.
B)Only if the research has national or international significance.
C)Only if the research is particularly controversial.
D)Without any reference to the theoretical framework within which the research project was situated.
Q4) The conceptual framework for the research project contains the key words and phrases of the research project.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A critical perspective is a reflective, thoughtful, evaluative perspective.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Detail the key elements of structure in terms of writing research.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Understanding Research Methodology and Design
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Q1) What is the function of the research methodology in the research project?
Q2) Image-based research is the use of images in social research. Using this research methodology, a researcher can draw on data from photographs, film, videos, advertising, cartoons, drawings, maps, charts, and any other kind of image.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is important that you are knowledgeable enough generally about research methodology to be able to select the most appropriate research methodology for your research.
A)True
B)False
Q4) As illustrated in the methodological pyramid, the fundamental philosophies support the research methodologies, and in turn, the research methodologies support the data collection methods.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The researcher must become an expert on all of the research methodologies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Understanding Research Methods, Populations and Sampling
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Q1) The concept of representation relates to the degree to which:
A)How well the research represents the researcher.
B)A sample selected from a population can be said to be representative of that population.
C)How well the data collection methods represent the research methodology.
D)A data collection method used in a research project can be said to be representative of all of the data collection methods used.
Q2) The data gathered must be:
A)Simple enough to analyse quickly.
B)Adequate and it must be valid.
C)Short and concise.
D)Either quantitative or qualitative.
Q3) Decisions with regard to whether to work with an entire population or a sample of the population are made based on the size of the population, the time available for the research, and the requirements of the research.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Give three examples of research projects without human populations.
Q5) Give three examples of human populations of research projects.
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Chapter 9: Using Secondary Data and Archival Sources
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Q1) When working with secondary sources, the researcher is restricted to the data that is available.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A primary source is a first hand account of an experience or a phenomenon by a person who has had the experience or experienced the phenomenon.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is important to have enough data and data that is:
A)From a secondary source.
B)From a primary source.
C)Valid and useful.
D)Quirky and cool.
Q4) Secondary data is data from:
A)Primary sources.
B)Privilidged sources.
C)Substantial sources.
D)Secondary sources
Q5) What is contained in the conceptual framework?
Q6) How do you ensure that your research project is researchable?
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Chapter 10: Using Observation
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Q1) Rigorous research uses appropriate data gathering methods systematically and consistently in order to thoroughly accomplish the aim and objectives of the research.
A)True B)False
Q2) In the written report of the research, in the thesis, the processes of gathering data, and the schedules used in data gathering, must be thoroughly detailed and explained.
A)True B)False
Q3) When you critique the use of observation in a research project you should consider the validity of the observation as a means of gathering data for that particular study. You should also consider the rigour with which the observation was designed, constructed and carried out.
A)True B)False
Q4) What kind of data can be produced in an observation study?
Q5) There are no ethical issues in the use of covert observation.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 11: Using Interviews and Focus Groups
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Q1) The issues of validity and reliability are engaged with differently in qualitative and quantitative data.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Online focus groups (OFG) can be synchronous, in real time, or asynchronous, out of real time.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A pilot study is:
A)Test of the design of the research project, or a test of the data gathering instrument(s) designed for the research.
B)A research project designed for the study of airline pilots.
C)A research project which is managed by a pilot.
D)A research project designed to study some new phenomenon.
Q4) The ontological perspectives with constructivist and interpretivist philosophical frameworks hold reality to be multiple, individually interpreted, or socially constructed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Using Questionnaires and Scales
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Q1) Outline some of the advantages of using software to develop surveys and questionnaires.
Q2) When used as a data gathering instrument respondents are asked to:
A)Rate the vignettes.
B)To view the vignette and then to comment on it.
C)Critique the vignette.
D)Investigate the vignette.
Q3) Questionnaires can be easily posted or emailed to large and/or geographically spread populations. They can also be placed on the Internet to allow for easy access globally.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There are many software packages, such as Survey Monkey, SurveysPro, Snap Survey's Ltd and Question Pro, which facilitate the creation of questionnaires to be used in face to face (F2F) research on in online research (ORM).
A)True
B)False
Q5) What kind of data is generally gathered in large scale studies?
Q6) Why are questionnaires and scales highly structured data gathering methods?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Managing Data and Introducing Data Analysis
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Q1) Simple and small quantitative data sets can be analysed by simply counting the numbers and calculating simple statistics in relation to them.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is of the utmost importance that the analysis and the findings from the analysis are grounded in the data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When using a dedicated software package for data analysis, the researcher must code the data before inputting it into the computer.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A coding key is a guide, created by the researcher, to the codes used in coding the data before inputting the data into the computer.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why is data management important?
Q6) Explain the role of research in the generation of theory.
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Chapter 14: Analysing Quantitative Data
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Q1) The standard deviation measures:
A)The spread of data about the mean.
B)The mean.
C)The mode.
D)The median.
Q2) More complex quantitative data analysis can be carried out using a calculator or a spreadsheet, for example an Excel spreadsheet.
A)True
B)False
Q3) T tests, ANOVA, correlation tests, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression are all examples of descriptive statistics.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The independent variable is the variable that is introduced or acted upon in some way in the experiment in order to produce some effect on the dependent variable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are primary sources of data?
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Chapter 15: Analysing Qualitative Data
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Q1) Qualitative researchers:
A)Study one objective reality.
B)Carry out objective research.
C)Belief reality to be singular, objective and apart from consciousness.
D)Rather than objectively studying the 'real' world, acknowledge multiple realities.
Q2) Qualitative research is situated within a positivist paradigm.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The analytical framework is contained in the data analysis chapter of the thesis, or in the data analysis section of the report of the research. Data are analysed in the research project in relation to the research statement/question, the overall aim and the objectives of the research project. The focus of data analysis is on the research statement/question and the overall aim and objectives of the research. This ensures that the research project maintains focus, and it ensures that the researcher accomplishes what s/he set out to accomplish in undertaking the research as formally stated in the research aim and objectives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is meant by the term 'thick description'?
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Chapter 16: Drawing Conclusions and Writing Research
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Q1) An abstract is:
A)A short one-paragraph summary of the thesis, for a 20,000 word thesis, the abstract would be less than 300 words long. It contains mention of all of the key concepts in the research project.
B)A summary of the thesis.
C)A short extract from the thesis.
D)A long extract from the thesis.
Q2) As during the conclusions phase of the research, the researcher explores the implications of the conclusions drawn from the research for different constituents to the research, the researcher may make separate recommendations for different constituents to the research.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In presenting data analysis the researcher engages in the four stages of data analysis by first describing the data, then interpreting the data, then coming to some minor conclusion(s) about the data, and finally theorising the data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is an overall conclusion in a research project?
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