Educational Statistics
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Educational Statistics is a foundational course designed to introduce students to the application of statistical methods within the context of education. The course covers key topics such as data collection, descriptive statistics, probability, sampling techniques, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression analysis, and interpretation of statistical findings. Emphasis is placed on understanding how quantitative data can inform educational decision-making, policy development, and research. Through hands-on exercises and real-world examples, students will gain practical skills in analyzing and presenting data, as well as critically evaluating statistical information encountered in educational studies and reports.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics Excel 2010 Edition 3rd Edition by Neil
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
18 Chapters
532 Verified Questions
532 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/417 Page 2
J. Salkind
Chapter 1: Statistics or Sadistics? Its Up to You
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7308
Sample Questions
Q1) When might a person use inferential statistics?
Answer: Inferential statistics are used when you want to make an inference about the population based on a sample.
Q2) When might a person use descriptive statistics?
Answer: Descriptive statistics are used to describe the characteristics of a data set.
Q3) Where will the results of the formula appear when you hit the Enter key?
A) in the selected cell
B) in the formula bar
C) in the toolpak
D) in the operator
Answer: A
Q4) You can see the formula behind the screens in a worksheet by entering what?
A) Ctrl+'
B) Ctrl+Alt
C) Ctrl F10
D) Ctrl Page Dn
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Means to an End: Computing and Understanding Averages
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7309
Sample Questions
Q1) If you wanted to identify the most frequently occurring score in a distribution, which measure of central tendency would you report?
A) average
B) mean C) mode
D) median
Answer: C
Q2) Determine the median for the following data set: 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 25
Answer: The median is 18.5
Q3) When the data are categorical in nature and values can fit into only one class, such as hair color or political affiliation, which of the measures of central tendency should be used?
Answer: When the data are categorical, use the mode.
Q4) When might you want to use the moving average tool?
Answer: A moving average might be used when you have a distribution that has outliers in order to obtain a more accurate representation.
Q5) What are the measures of central tendency discussed in the textbook?
Answer: Mean, median, mode
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Vive La Différence: Understanding Variability
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7310
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the formula for computing both the exclusive and inclusive ranges?
Answer: Exclusive range: r = h - l; Inclusive range: r = h - l + 1
Q2) What is the s² of the following set of scores? 10, 15, 12, 18, 19, 16, 12
Answer: The variance is 11.29
Q3) When calculating the standard deviation, what must be done in order to obtain an unbiased estimate of the population?
A) subtract 1 from X
B) subtract 1 from N
C) subtract 1 from n
D) add 1 to n
Answer: C
Q4) Write out the two Excel formulas for computing the standard deviation and the variance.
Answer: VAR(A1:A12) STDEV(A1:A10)
Q5) What is the range of the following set of scores? 10, 15, 12, 18, 19, 16, 12
Answer: The range is 9
Q6) What is the formula for the standard deviation?
Answer: \(s = \sqrt { \frac { \sum ( X - \bar { X } ) ^ { 2 } } { n - 1 } }\)
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: A Picture Really Is Worth a Thousand Words
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7311
Sample Questions
Q1) What type of graph displays class intervals along an x-axis?
A) Polygon
B) Line graph
C) Histogram
D) Tally marks
Q2) What is the most basic method of illustrating data?
A) Frequency distribution
B) Pie chart
C) Line graph
D) Polygon
Q3) What is the term associated with the lack of symmetry in a distribution?
A) Ogive
B) Skewness
C) Kurtosis
D) Variability
Q4) List the 10 ways to create great figures outlined in the text.
Q5) What are the two types of skewness? Explain each.
Q6) What is the difference between skewness and kurtosis?
Q7) If you have a distribution of 100 scores and you want 20 intervals, what should be the size of your class interval?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Ice Cream and Crime: Computing Correlation
Coefficients
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7312
Sample Questions
Q1) The correlation between variable X and variable Y is represented by which of the following?
A) R(xy)²
B) r??
C) r????
D) R?/?
Q2) If the correlation between variables is .70, what percent of the variance is not shared variance?
Q3) If you wanted to compute the correlation between two ordinal-level variables, which type of correlation should you use?
A) Point biserial
B) Phi
C) Spearman rank
D) Pearson
Q4) If variables change in the same direction, what type of correlation is this called?
A) Positive correlation
B) Negative correlation
C) Positive causation
D) Negative causation
Page 7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Just the Truth: An Introduction to Understanding
Reliability and Validity
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7313
Sample Questions
Q1) When we calculate reliability, we know the observed score. What are the two unknown components of the reliability equation?
A) Method and error scores
B) Means and standard deviations
C) Test-retest and interrater scores
D) True and error scores
Q2) A measure of how stable a test is over time is an example of which of the following?
A) Interrater reliability
B) Test-retest reliability
C) Parallel forms reliability
D) Internal consistency
Q3) What are the four levels of measurement?
A) Rank, ordinal, nominal, ratio
B) Ratio, interval, categorical, nominal
C) Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
D) Nominal, rank, interval, ordinal
Q4) What are the scales of measurement?
Q5) What is the difference between reliability and validity?
Q6) Name four types of reliability and what each type measures.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7314
Sample Questions
Q1) What test would you want to use to test a directional research hypothesis?
A) One-tailed test
B) Two-tailed test
C) Nonparametric test
D) Frequency test
Q2) Which of the following symbols represents the first research hypothesis?
A) \(H _ { 1 }\)
B) \(\mu 1\)
C) \(\bar { X } 1\)
D) \(H _ { 0 }\)
Q3) The group from which you actually collect data for your study is known as the __________.
A) sample
B) population
C) sampling error
D) general group
Q4) If the null hypothesis states that there will be no difference in the average score of 9th graders and the average score of 12th graders on the ABC memory test, how should you state the nondirectional research hypothesis?
Q5) Explain what is meant by the fishing trip approach to doing research.
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Are Your Curves Normal? Probability and Why It
Counts
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7315
Sample Questions
Q1) What do standard scores allow researchers to do that raw scores cannot?
Q2) What type of standard score has M = 0 and SD = 1?
A) IQ score
B) T score
C) x score
D) z score
Q3) What characteristic of the normal curve deals with skewness?
A) Mean, median, and mode
B) Symmetry
C) Asymptotic
D) Probability
Q4) What is the standard used by statisticians to determine the probability of an event occurring outside of chance alone?
A) 5%
B) 25%
C) 85%
D) 95%
Q5) The study of probability is the basis for the normal curve and the foundation for what type of statistics?
Q6) How is the T score calculated? Page 10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 9: Significantly Significant: What It Means for You and Me
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7316
Sample Questions
Q1) In order to determine whether or not you will reject the null hypothesis, what must the test statistic be compared against?
A) Critical value
B) Significance level
C) Obtained value
D) p value
Q2) What Greek letter is associated with Type I error?
A) \(\alpha\)
B) \(\beta\)
C) \(\Sigma\)
D) \(\eta\)
Q3) If the obtained value is greater than the critical value, what should you do?
A) Reject the null hypothesis
B) Accept the null hypothesis
C) Set a higher p value
D) Increase your sample
Q4) If you conclude that your findings yield a 1-in-100 chance that differences were not due to the hypothesized reason, what is the corresponding p value?
Q5) What are the Greek letters associated with Type I and Type II error?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 10: Only the Lonely
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7317
Sample Questions
Q1) Excel differentiates z-scores and z-values by identifying one sample test by using what function?
A) FTEST
B) CHITEST
C) TTEST
D) ZTEST
Q2) Degrees of freedom for the Z Test are not required given that z-scores of 1.96 and 2.58 are used for 5% and 1% respectively.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A Z Test is preferred when the population (n) is?
A) >30
B) <30
C) =30
D) 30
Q4) A test is conducted for H?: ? = 34, with ? = 5. A sample size of 100 is selected. Calculate the standard error of the sampling distribution.
Q5) Write the formula used for computing the value for a one sample Z-Z-test and define each of the three components.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 11: t(ea) for Two (Again): Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7318
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the test statistic calculated by the statistical procedure selected known as?
A) Critical value
B) Significance level
C) Obtained value
D) p value
Q2) What is the formula for calculating a t value for a dependent samples test?
Q3) What is used to examine the degree of relationship between variables?
A) Hypothesized mean difference
B) Pearson correlation
C) Observations
D) Variance
Q4) Which of the following relates to the difference you expect?
A) Hypothesized mean difference
B) Pearson correlation
C) Observations
D) Variance
Q5) What does the t test for dependent samples allow you to examine?
Q6) What does t critical one-tail represent?
Q7) What does t stat represent?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 12: t(ea) for Two (Again): Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7319
Sample Questions
Q1) In a t test for dependent samples that examines the difference between a pretest and posttest, what type of hypothesis is used?
A) Nondirectional
B) Directional
C) Null
D) Research
Q2) What is another name for a dependent samples t test?
A) Paired sample
B) Two sample
C) Independent sample
D) Freed sample
Q3) Consider the following set of conditions: The focus is the difference between scores on a pretest and a posttest, the participants are being tested more than once, and there are two groups. Which test should you use?
Q4) If the obtained value is less than the critical value, what should you do?
A) Reject the null hypothesis
B) Accept the null hypothesis
C) Reduce the p value
D) Decrease your sample
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Two Groups Too Many? Try Analysis of Variance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7320
Sample Questions
Q1) If you wanted to examine whether the level of parental involvement differs based on students' grade in school (i.e., 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.), what is the dependent variable of interest?
A) Grade level
B) Students
C) Parents
D) Level of parent involvement
Q2) When computing the degrees of freedom for ANOVA, how is the between-group estimate calculated?
A) n - 1
B) k - 1
C) N - k
D) n/k
Q3) In order to increase the F value, which of the following must occur?
A) MS within > MS between
B) MS within = MS within
C) MS between > MS within
D) Ratio = 1
Q4) When is analysis of variance the appropriate statistical procedure to use?
Q5) What is the sum of squares total?
16
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of Variance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7321
Sample Questions
Q1) If your analysis notes that participants in a weight loss program differ in amount of weight lost based on the type of weight program used, what type of effect is this called?
A) Interaction effect
B) Factor effect
C) Level effect
D) Main effect
Q2) Create a 3 × 2 factorial design ANOVA.
Q3) What is a multivariate analysis of variance?
Q4) When you have more than one factor, what type of ANOVA should be used?
A) One-way ANOVA
B) Multivariate ANOVA
C) Simple ANOVA
D) Factorial ANOVA
Q5) What is the appropriate test statistic given the following situation? You are testing for differences between scores of the same participants; the participants are being tested more than once; you are dealing with two or more groups; and you are dealing with more than one factor or independent variable.
Q6) What is a univariate analysis of variance?
Q7) Describe what is meant by a mixed ANOVA design?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 15: Cousins or Just Good Friends? Testing
Relationships Using the Correlation Coefficient
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7322
Sample Questions
Q1) If the correlation between two variables is .496, how much of the variance has not been accounted for?
A) 24.6%
B) 49.6%
C) 50.4%
D) 75.4%
Q2) What are the null and research hypotheses for testing a correlation coefficient?
Q3) What is the most important characteristic of a correlation coefficient?
A) Sign
B) Absolute value
C) One-tailed
D) Two-tailed
Q4) Which of the following is another use for correlation coefficients?
A) Testing mean differences
B) Testing causal relationships
C) Estimating reliability
D) Estimating power
Q5) What are the considerations/requirements one must follow in order to know that a test of the correlation coefficient is the appropriate statistic?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 16: Predicting Wholl Win the Super Bowl: Using
Linear Regression
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7323
Sample Questions
Q1) If the correlation between X and Y is equal to -1.0, what do we know about the prediction of Y by X?
Q2) In order to use two predictor variables, what must be the case concerning the variables?
Q3) Which of the following symbols is associated with the predicted score in the regression equation?
A) X
B) Y
C) a
D) b
Q4) Which of the following determines the direction of the regression line?
A) Intercept
B) Predicted score
C) Criterion score
D) Slope
Q5) What is another name for a regression line?
A) Line of best fit
B) Scatterplot line
C) Line graph
D) Line of the estimate
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter
Chi-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7324
Sample Questions
Q1) What do the symbols in the one-sample chi-square test represent?
Q2) Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to compare two independent samples?
A) Mann-Whitney
B) Wilcoxon rank
C) Spearman rank
D) Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Q3) If there are three categories for which you are calculating a one-sample chi-square, what are the degrees of freedom?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Q4) What does the CHIDIST function in Excel compute?
Q5) What is the level of risk associated with the null hypothesis called?
A) Type II error
B) Type III error
C) Power
D) Type I error
Q6) What is a parametric test? Page 20
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 21
Chapter 18: Some Other (Important) Statistical Procedures
You Should Know About
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7325
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following allows you to equalize initial differences between groups?
A) analysis of variance
B) analysis of covariance
C) structural equation modeling
D) factor analysis
Q2) Which of the following examines data to see if a theoretical relationship is sustained?
A) repeated measures
B) covariance
C) path analysis
D) ANOVA
Q3) In order to equalize groups on initial differences, which analysis should be used?
A) repeated measures
B) covariance
C) path analysis
D) ANOVA
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22