Educational Research
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Educational Research introduces students to the fundamental concepts, methodologies, and ethical considerations involved in conducting research in educational settings. The course covers both qualitative and quantitative approaches, focusing on research design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Students will learn how to critically evaluate existing research, develop research questions, design studies, and present findings. Emphasis is placed on the application of research methods to real-world educational issues, fostering skills necessary for informed decision-making and evidence-based practice in diverse educational contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Research 8th Edition by Neil J. Salkind
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564 Verified Questions
564 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Role and Importance of Research
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Matthew thinks that there is a relationship between parenting style and self-esteem in children. Which research method should he use?
A) correlational
B) quasi-experimental
C) descriptive
D) historical
Answer: A
Q2) Jacob is interested to see if there is a relationship between student absentee rate and national test scores. Which would be the appropriate research method to use?
A) historical
B) correlational
C) descriptive
D) longitudinal
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Research Process: Coming to Terms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given no other information, chance is always the most likely explanation for differences between two groups.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Q2) Which type of study may NOT have an implied null hypothesis?
A) correlational
B) descriptive
C) quasi-experimental
D) experimental
Answer: B
Q3) Our job as researchers is to eliminate ___________ as a factor contributing to differences between groups.
A) chance
B) change
C) hypothesis
D) average
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: A: Selecting a Problem and Reviewing the Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A research abstract contains which of the following?
A) a one-paragraph summary of a journal article
B) a list of sources from an online index
C) a complicated idea
D) a type of painting
Answer: A
Q2) Describe some of the ways you can use search engine to find information for your research.
Answer: There are several ways to use a search engine to find information for your research. Firstly, you can enter specific keywords related to your topic into the search bar to find relevant websites, articles, and academic papers. You can also use advanced search operators such as quotation marks to search for exact phrases, or use the minus sign to exclude certain words from your results. Additionally, you can utilize filters to narrow down your search by date, location, or type of source. Another useful method is to use the "related search" feature to explore related topics and expand your research. Finally, you can use the search engine to access scholarly databases and online libraries to find academic journals and research papers. Overall, search engines are powerful tools for gathering information and conducting thorough research.
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Chapter 3: B: Ethics: the Basic Principles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Forcing someone to participate in a study is an example of what ethical issue/concern?
A) protection from harm
B) maintenance of privacy
C) informed consent
D) coercion
Q2) I will give an F in class to anyone who refuses to participate in my study. Students will take a five-point survey on what they ate today. Identify the problem and modify the experiment so that it is ethical.
Q3) Summarize the potential consequences for researchers who do not follow ethical guidelines.
Q4) Which of the following information should be provided in an informed consent form for any study involving human participants?
A) the findings of the study
B) the number of participants the study plans to use
C) the procedures involved in the study
D) the names of other participants
Q5) What is the role of professional organizations in promoting ethical standards in human research studies?
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Chapter 4: Sampling and Generalizability
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which sampling technique are units of individuals selected rather than the individuals themselves?
A) simple random sampling
B) systematic sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) cluster sampling
Q2) A table of random numbers _________________________________.
A) is used in nonprobability sampling methods
B) can be used to create a stratified sample
C) works well with convenience sampling
D) is a list of ordered numbers from which the researcher closes his eyes and randomly points until he obtains the desired number for his sample
Q3) Sampling error can be defined by which of the following statements?
A) increased by increasing sample size
B) larger as the diversity of sample values becomes smaller
C) can be minimized by using simple random sampling
D) becomes equal to zero over many samples
Q4) What is the difference between probability and nonprobability sampling?
Q5) Why is generalizability the key to a successful study?
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Chapter 5: Measurement, Reliability, and Validity
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the measures associated with a test are said to be consistent, you might conclude the measure is _______________________.
A) standard
B) valid
C) reliable
D) concurrent
Q2) What is the difference between continuous and discrete variables?
Q3) Which of the following would be considered a continuous variable?
A) the number answered correctly on a history test
B) grade level in school
C) gender
D) length
Q4) What are the two types of criterion validity?
A) content and construct validity
B) content and parallel validity
C) predictive and parallel validity
D) concurrent and predictive validity
Q5) What is the difference between reliability and validity?
Q6) Why are repeated scores on most variables always different from one another?
Q7) Name four ways to increase reliability.
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Chapter 6: Methods of Measuring Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) A test that measures knowledge of a specific topic is considered what type of test?
A) achievement test
B) attitude test
C) personality test
D) projective test
Q2) What type of test is used to assess an individual's feelings about a particular topic?
A) aptitude test
B) preference test
C) selection test
D) attitude test
Q3) Which of the following describes the best multiple choice item?
A) The difficulty level is .90.
B) The distracters are implausible.
C) A large proportion of the low group answered the item correctly.
D) The discrimination level is .90.
Q4) What are the five basic assumptions when using a questionnaire?
Q5) What are some advantages and disadvantages to using multiple choice questions?
Q6) What makes a good questionnaire?
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Chapter 7: Data Collection and Descriptive Statistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a measure of the degree of spread or dispersion of scores?
A) standard deviation
B) range
C) mode
D) variance
Q2) Which is a pitfall of using an optical scanner?
A) It is fast.
B) It is accurate.
C) It is expensive.
D) It can provide additional analysis of items.
Q3) What is the average amount that each score varies from the mean of the set of scores?
A) the range
B) the standard deviation
C) the mean
D) the normal curve
Q4) Give an example of when you would use the median as the measure of central tendency.
Q5) Why should we use standard scores instead of raw scores?
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Chapter 8: Introducing Inferential Statistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has the largest potential to decrease the accuracy of an inference made to a population based on a sample?
A) variance
B) a heterogeneous sample
C) a homogeneous sample
D) sampling error
Q2) What assumption forms the basis for inference?
A) A researcher can select a sample that is similar to the population from which it came.
B) Null hypotheses can be proven to be false.
C) A researcher can select the level at which he/she is willing to risk Type I error.
D) The central limit theorem is false.
Q3) Explain what t<sub>120 </sub>= 2.00, p < .05 means.
Q4) The critical value is__________________________________.
A) the value found after calculating a test statistic
B) the value needed to determine a valid study
C) the value needed to determine a reliable study
D) the value needed to reject the null hypothesis
Q5) What factors decrease the likelihood of making a Type II error?
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Chapter 9: Nonexperimental Research: Descriptive and Correlational Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding correlational research is false?
A) Correlational research describes the linear relationship between two or more variables.
B) Correlational research is a very effective means of establishing causal relationships.
C) Correlational research is a type of descriptive research.
D) Correlational research can help to "paint a broad picture" of the current state of some phenomenon.
Q2) The coefficient of alienation describes the:
A) Neutral information such as age, gender, number of children) about the survey respondent.
B) The amount of variance that is accounted for in one variable by the other variable.
C) Most frequently used measure of relationships between variables.
D) The portion of unexplained variance between the tested variables.
Q3) What is the third step of developing an interview?
A) selecting a sample
B) developing the questions
C) training the interviewers
D) stating the purpose of the interview
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Chapter 10: Nonexperimental Research: Qualitative Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the second step in conducting historical research?
A) evaluating authenticity and accuracy of evidence
B) formulating a hypothesis
C) defining a topic or problem
D) integrating data
Q2) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of ethnographic research?
A) Ethnographers tend to examine the group or phenomenon as a whole, rather than the sum of its parts.
B) Ethnographers often use participant observation.
C) Ethnographers develop a research question prior to initiating their research methods just as empirical researchers do.
D) Ethnography is typically very time-consuming.
Q3) What is one of the limitations of the case-study method?
A) cause-and-effect links cannot be established
B) provides more breadth than depth
C) only one technique is used to gather data
D) focus is placed upon several individuals at a time
Q4) Describe the difference between direct and participant observation.
Q6) What are some of the limitations of historical research? Page 13
Q5) What are the differences between primary and secondary sources?
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Page 14
Chapter 11: Pre- and True Experimental Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Analysis of Covariance is
A) a homogeneous population.
B) a procedure that ensures external validity.
C) a statistical tool that equalizes any initial differences that might exist between study participants.
D) equal to B/x*y.
Q2) Choose one threat to internal validity, define and describe it then discuss what a researcher can do to avoid or minimize it.
Q3) The experimental design that uses one group, a treatment, and a posttest is called
A) one-shot case study design
B) pretest posttest control group design
C) Solomon four-group design
D) one-group pretest posttest design
Q4) The Persian Gulf War might influence internal validity in what way?
A) maturation
B) history
C) selection
D) randomization
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Chapter 12: Quasi-Experimental Research: a Close Cousin to Experimental Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) If, while using the nonequivalent control group design, the researcher discovers that groups differ on the pretest measure, one technique which can be used to statistically equalize the groups on the pretest is ____________________.
A) factor analysis
B) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
C) parallel forms pretesting
D) Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)
Q2) Single subject designs are useful because they
A) allow for an in-depth examination of specific behaviors.
B) are used when the behavior on which the researcher is focusing is not very well defined in operational terms.
C) allow for random assignment of participants into groups.
D) have no threats to internal validity.
Q3) Which of the following sequences exemplifies the method of a single-subject design?
A) measure behavior prior to treatment, apply treatment, withdraw treatment
B) apply treatment, measure behavior, withdraw treatment
C) apply treatment, withdraw treatment, measure behavior
D) apply treatment with a treatment
Page 16
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Chapter 13: Writing a Research Proposal
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT an important consideration when evaluating the references section of a research?
A) References are consistent in their format.
B) References contain primary sources only.
C) Each reference cited in the body appears in the reference list.
D) References are current.
Q2) Which of the following would be found in the literature review section?
A) current status of topic
B) problem statement
C) time line
D) research design
Q3) In a research proposal, which section comes first?
A) introduction
B) literature review
C) implications and limitations
D) method
Q4) Name some things you should remember when selecting your dependent variable.
Q5) What should you consider when selecting a sample for your research study?
Q6) What should you look for when evaluating the hypothesis of a research paper?
Q7) What is an effective way of judging how much time your proposal will take?
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Chapter 14: Writing a Research Manuscript
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Sample Questions
Q1) What guidelines do most journals in the social and behavioral sciences follow?
A) Index Medicus
B) American Psychological Association
C) Society of Psychiatric Journals
D) Modern Language Association
Q2) In a manuscript, how many spaces should there be following a period?
A) none
B) 1 space
C) 2 spaces
D) 3 spaces
Q3) How many words in length should your abstract be?
A) 50
B) 120
C) 300
D) There is no limit.
Q4) The first line of a paragraph should be indented ___________________.
A) only for the first paragraph
B) 2 spaces
C) 5 spaces
D) for only the first paragraph on each page
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