Educational Psychology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Educational Psychology examines the scientific principles and theories related to how people learn and develop in educational settings. This course explores topics such as cognitive development, motivation, individual differences, classroom management, assessment, and the influence of social and cultural factors on learning. Through the study of research-based practices, students will learn how to apply psychological concepts to enhance teaching strategies, foster effective learning environments, and address diverse learner needs. The course is essential for understanding how psychological foundations can inform education policy, curriculum design, and instructional decision-making.
Recommended Textbook
Learning and Memory 2nd Edition by
Mark A. Gluck
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12 Chapters
1304 Verified Questions
1304 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Psychology of Learning and Memory
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was considered an empiricist?
A)Plato
B)Charles Darwin
C)Francis Galton
D)Aristotle
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of Charles Darwin's proposed criteria for traits to evolve through natural selection?
A)The trait must be inheritable.
B)The trait must be able to be learned.
C)The trait must vary.
D)The trait must make the individual more fit to survive.
Answer: B
Q3) Who believed that children are born a "blank slate?"
A)Gottfried Leibniz
B)Plato
C)John Locke
D)René Descartes
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name of the narrow gap across which neurons pass chemical messages to each other?
A)axon
B)dendrite
C)synapse
D)cell body
Answer: C
Q2) Phrenology involves:
A)scanning the brains of living humans using a magnetic field.
B)associating deficits in mental abilities with damage to specific brain regions.
C)associating bumps on the skull with abilities and personality traits.
D)examining which parts of the brain are damaged after a head injury.
Answer: C
Q3) Neurotransmitters are:
A)chemical substances that carry messages between neurons.
B)the part of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.
C)types of neurons that connect other neurons together.
D)types of neurons that have pyramid-shaped cell bodies.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:
Learning About Repeated Events
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did the results of the experiment by Tolman and Honzik (1930)demonstrate that rats learn the spatial layout of a maze by mere exposure,rather than by being rewarded for their behavior?
Answer: Grading criteria: Describe manipulation of putting rats in maze without reward for several trials,followed by reward for latter trials;once the reward began,these rats started to demonstrate what they had previously learned-their performance jumped suddenly to equal that of the rewarded rats.
Q2) In a word-stem completion task,people are
A)more likely to fill in the blanks to form words they have previously seen.
B)less likely to fill in the blanks to form words they have previously seen.
C)more likely to fill in the blanks to form words they have previously seen,only if they consciously remember the words.
D)less likely to fill in the blanks to form words they have previously seen,only if they consciously remember the words.
Answer: A
Q3) Describe a situation in which habituation could be dangerous.
Answer: Grading criteria: Examples from the text include animals habituating to the sound of gunshot and people ignoring alarms and warnings.
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Chapter 4: Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict
Important Events
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In mammals,the two sites where information about the CS-US association can be stored in the cerebellum are the _____ and the _____.
A)pontine nuclei;interpositus nucleus
B)pontine nuclei;inferior olive
C)Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex;inferior olive
D)Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex;interpositus nucleus
Q2) Lightning is usually followed by thunder.Eventually we can be startled just by the lightning alone.What is the unconditioned response?
A)being startled by thunder
B)being startled by lightning
C)thunder
D)lightning
Q3) Which is true about the Rescorla-Wagner model?
A)It is considered the most influential formal model of learning.
B)It explains only a small handful of experimental findings.
C)It explains existing findings but does not make any predictions.
D)Its complexity is a primary reason for its attractiveness.
Q4) Explain how a child might develop a conditioned taste aversion to pizza.Be sure to identify the CS,US,CR,and UR.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night,and sees one approximately every two minutes.This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
A)fixed-ratio
B)fixed-interval
C)variable-ratio
D)variable-interval
Q2) Why is dopamine believed to be involved in reinforcement?
A)Dopamine release in rats is triggered by primary and secondary reinforcers.
B)Presentation of reinforcers leads to activity in brain areas known to receive dopaminergic input.
C)Blocking dopamine activity leads to extinction of reinforced responses.
D)All of the answers are correct.
Q3) Swatting a dog with a newspaper would be _______ of the behavior of chewing up your favorite socks.
A)positive reinforcement
B)positive punishment
C)negative reinforcement
D)negative punishment
Q4) What is extinction mimicry? What are two explanations for it?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Generalization and Discrimination Learning
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The shape of generalization gradients shows that two very similar stimuli are_____ ,while two very different stimuli are ______.
A)expected to produce similar consequences;expected to produce different consequences
B)expected to produce different consequences;expected to produce similar consequences
C)difficult to tell apart;easy to tell apart
D)easy to tell apart;difficult to tell apart
Q2) In a single-layer network using a discrete-component representation,negative patterning:
A)is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to one stimulus and a weight of 0 to the other.
B)is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to both stimuli and a weight of 0 to their combination.
C)is represented by assigning a weight of 1 to both stimuli and to their combination.
D)cannot be represented in any way that would make the network respond correctly.
Q3) Describe the role of the nucleus basalis in generalization.
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Chapter 7: Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for
Facts and Events
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The basal forebrain appears to be involved in:
A)determining whether something is old or new.
B)directly storing new episodic memories.
C)remembering source information.
D)determining what the hippocampus stores.
Q2) What is the difference between memory misattribution and false memory?
Q3) The types of memories that are NOT always consciously accessible and are difficult to verbalize are called:
A)episodic memories.
B)explicit memories.
C)declarative memories.
D)nondeclarative memories.
Q4) Patients such as H.M.and E.P.:
A)could not learn new skills.
B)had retrograde but not anterograde amnesia.
C)would repeat the same stories over and over.
D)All of the answers are correct.
Q5) Describe any one study that demonstrated false memories.
Q6) Draw a graph showing the Ribot gradient.
Q7) Give an example of proactive interference occurring in everyday life. Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Skill Memory: Learning by Doing
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96 Verified Questions
96 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is difficult to study the forgetting of perceptual-motor skills because:
A)once a skill is learned,it is never forgotten.
B)if a person cannot perform a skill,it usually means she has forgotten it.
C)without practice,the ability to perform a skill tends to deteriorate.
D)it is difficult to distinguish forgetting of the skill from impairment in motor control.
Q2) Explain the difference between open skills and closed skills.Give an example of each type of skill,explaining why it would be considered open or closed.
Q3) Suppose a child learns to ride his bike on the smooth,flat road by his home.According to the identical elements theory,under what physical conditions will the child's bike-riding abilities transfer the most? Under what conditions will they transfer the least?
Q4) The restricted applicability of some learned skills to specific situations is known as: A)implicit learning.
B)skill decay.
C)a motor program.
D)transfer specificity.
Q5) What is the difference between having talent and being an expert?
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Page 11
Chapter 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The children's game Concentration involves finding pairs of cards that match by turning over two at a time,and replacing them if they do not match.The game requires memory for the locations of the cards.This game makes particular use of the:
A)visuo-spatial sketchpad.
B)phonological loop.
C)long-term memory.
D)sensory memory
Q2) It is often easier to remember words if we can also picture them in our minds.This is because we are using:
A)our verbal memory store.
B)our visuo-spatial memory store.
C)our central executive.
D)both our verbal and visuo-spatial memory stores.
Q3) Which part of the brain seems to be involved in encoding and retrieval?
A)orbital prefrontal cortex
B)medial prefrontal cortex
C)ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
D)dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Q4) Provide an example of an automatic process and an attentional process.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:
A)PTSD causes the hippocampus to become larger.
B)PTSD causes the hippocampus to become smaller.
C)people with a larger hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD.
D)people with a smaller hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD.
Q2) Describe the three phenomena that make up an emotion.Give an example of each of these for the emotion of anger.
Q3) In what ways does a conditioned emotional response differ from other conditioned responses?
Q4) The _______ sends sensory input to the amygdala.
A)adrenal gland
B)frontal lobes
C)thalamus
D)hippocampus
Q5) A classical conditioning explanation for PTSD suggests that PTSD patients:
A)take longer to extinguish a CR.
B)fail to acquire CS-US associations.
C)extinguish the CR more quickly.
D)are slower to acquire CS-US associations.
Q6) Describe two examples of emotional responses in nonhuman animals.
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Social Learning and Memory: Observing,
Interacting, and Reenacting
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stimulus matching refers to:
A)copying the exact actions that are observed.
B)directly comparing a generated stimulus with an observed stimulus.
C)copying the end result of a behavior that is observed.
D)being able to imagine oneself in the place of another person.
Q2) The findings with frontal lobe patients who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate suggest that the frontal lobes:
A)are important for visually matching an observed action to the memory of that action. B)are important for matching a sound produced by someone else to the memory of that sound.
C)play a role in inhibiting imitation.
D)play a role in enhancing imitation.
Q3) Give an example of something you seem to have learned through social (observational)learning.Explain why you think this involves social learning rather than other forms of learning.
Q4) What needs to happen in the brain for imitation to occur? How do mirror neurons achieve this?
Q5) Why is it difficult to predict how observations will affect future behavior?
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Development and Aging: Learning and Memory
Across the Lifespan
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eyeblink conditioning:
A)can be learned by infants when delay conditioning is used.
B)cannot be learned by infants when delay conditioning is used.
C)can be learned by infants when trace conditioning is used.
D)is learned more slowly by infants when trace conditioning is used.
Q2) Sparrows raised in isolation still learn to sing,but their songs are abnormal.This is an example of:
A)a critical period.
B)a sensitive period.
C)an imprinting period.
D)the gestational age.
Q3) Which of the following is true regarding neurogenesis?
A)It continues up until young adulthood and then stops.
B)In primates,it has only been unambiguously documented in a few brain regions.
C)Most of the new neurons are relatively permanent.
D)Although new neurons are produced,they usually do not make connections with existing neurons.
Q4) What evidence suggests a possible link between Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome?
Page 15
Q5) Give an example of a sensitive period for learning.
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