Course Introduction
Educational Psychology Study Guide Questions
Educational Psychology explores the scientific study of human learning and development within educational settings. This course examines key theories of cognitive, emotional, and social development, as well as motivation, classroom management, individual differences, and assessment. Through analysis of research and case studies, students gain insights into effective teaching practices, diverse learning needs, and the psychological principles that underlie educational processes. The aim is to equip future educators and professionals with the knowledge to foster positive learning environments and support the holistic development of learners.
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Essentials of Life Span Development 3rd Edition by John Santrock
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17 Chapters
2255 Verified Questions
2255 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Riley argues that behavior is strongly influenced by biology; it is tied to evolution, and characterized by critical or sensitive periods. What theoretical orientation, does Riley most likely take?
Answer: Ethology
Q2) When she was a child, Anna's home was wrecked by a tornado and her neighbor was killed. More than 30 years later, she is still terrified of storms. This is an example of how a ____ event can influence a person's development.
A) normative age-graded
B) normative generational
C) nonnormative life
D) normative history-graded
Answer: C
Q3) According to Freud, our adult personality is determined by:
A) the way we resolve conflicts between home life and professional life.
B) the resolution of adult realities versus childhood fantasies.
C) the way we maintain a balance between family and friends.
D) the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each stage and the demands of reality.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Q1) Which of the following techniques is used to overcome the threat of problems related to the breech position during delivery?
A) Massage therapy
B) Music therapy
C) Acupuncture
D) Cesarean section
Answer: D
Q2) _____ is the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observable and measurable characteristics.
A) RNA
B) DNA
C) Phenotype
D) Stereotype
Answer: C
Q3) _____ is the shortest of the three birth stages.
A) Involution
B) Afterbirth
C) Implantation
D) Waterbirth
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The interpretation of sensory information is called _____.
A) sensation
B) reception
C) perception
D) transition
Answer: C
Q2) Baby Max watches his mother jingle her keys in front of him. After several minutes, he looks away no longer interested. This would indicate that he has habituated as he is showing a _____ to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
A) decreased responsiveness
B) increased familiarity
C) increased interest
D) decreased anxiety
Answer: A
Q3) The ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.
Answer: Infinite generativity
Q4) The part of the neuron that carries signals away from the cell body.
Answer: Axon
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Chapter 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Q1) Savina is low in activity level, somewhat negative in affect and doesn't like novelty. How would Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas most likely describe her temperament?
Q2) Which of the following emotions is expressed by infants in the first six months of life?
A) Shame
B) Embarrassment
C) Jealousy
D) Fear
Q3) What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?
A) Social referencing
B) Deferred imitation
C) Infinite generativity
D) Reciprocal socialization
Q4) List the three types of cries that have been identified in babies.
Q5) Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants specify how each would respond upon the "reunion" stage of the experiment.
Q6) Describe the Strange Situation. What is an important criticism of this method?
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the relation between centration and conservation?
A) Conservation requires centration.
B) Centration is due to lack of conservation.
C) Centration is reflected in lack of conservation.
D) Conservation is independent of centration.
Q2) When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, and other support to help the children succeed. As the children demonstrate they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw these supports. This shows the adults' involvement in the children's:
A) zone of proximal development.
B) development of conservational abilities.
C) enhancement of intuitive reasoning.
D) process of centration.
Q3) Which of the following is a criticism related to the Montessori approach?
A) It lays too much emphasis on social interaction.
B) It does not employ self-corrective materials.
C) It lays too much emphasis on imaginative play.
D) It neglects children's socioemotional development.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) The psychoanalytic theory of gender stems from Freud's view that the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent. Which of the following describes this condition in girls?
A) Galatea effect
B) Electra complex
C) Golem effect
D) Oedipus complex
Q2) Older children, who are _____, recognize that punishment occurs only if someone witnesses the wrongdoing and that even then, punishment is not inevitable.
A) moral autonomists
B) empathic thinkers
C) gender-typed
D) heteronomous thinkers
Q3) Explain Eric Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt. Provide an example of initiative and an example of guilt as it is used by Erikson.
Q4) According to Jean Piaget, this is the first stage of moral development where children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and
Late Childhood
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Q1) _____ is knowledge about language, such as knowing what a preposition is or the ability to discuss the sounds of a language.
A) Metacognition
B) Metalinguistic awareness
C) Metapragmatics
D) Morphology
Q2) Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory and Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence are examples of the idea that:
A) intelligence is a general ability.
B) there are three types of intelligence.
C) intelligence consists of a number of specific abilities.
D) culture plays an important role in the development of intelligence.
Q3) Sergio's mental age is 8, but his chronological age is 9, we would say that Sergio's IQ is:
A) average
B) bellow average
C) above average
D) cannot be determined from the information provided.
Q4) Discuss what Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) does.
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Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Moral rules are widely accepted, somewhat impersonal, and:
A) arbitrary.
B) obligatory.
C) only applicable to certain individuals.
D) subject to change by social consensus.
Q2) Which of the following techniques will parents tend NOT to use to discipline elementary school children?
A) Coercive holding
B) Deprivation of privileges
C) Appeals to the child's self-esteem
D) Comments designed to increase the child's sense of guilt
Q3) Which of the following would NOT be considered an arbitrary rule?
A) Eating soup with a spoon
B) Raising your hand in class to ask a question
C) Shutting off your cell phone ringer while in church
D) Stealing money from a person
Q4) In analyzing the performance of American students compared to students in selected Asian countries, what differences did Stevenson and his colleagues observe between the Asian and American parents?
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Q5) How do schools in low-income areas compare with those in high-income areas?
Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Q1) This theorist and her colleagues have conducted extensive research into adolescent sleep patterns, and found that when given the opportunity adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night.
Q2) Discuss the importance of controlling one's attention during adolescence.
Q3) Mary Carskadon and her colleagues concluded from their research of the sleep patterns of U.S. adolescents that:
A) schools should start and end earlier to help adolescents to keep to earlier bedtimes.
B) early school starting times may be linked to negative outcomes for adolescents.
C) early school starting times are conducive to the sleep patterns of older adolescents but not to those of younger adolescents.
D) early school starting times are most conducive to the sleep patterns of adolescents.
Q4) In contrast to Piaget's views, the development of formal operational thinking:
A) does not occur during adolescence.
B) is promoted by education in the logic of science and mathematics.
C) is unaffected by the influence of culture and education.
D) is commonly seen among all American adults.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Q1) Based on the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to the staggering levels of more than _____ hours a week of media use by 11- to 14-year-olds.
A) 60
B) 20
C) 40
D) 100
Q2) How can parents help their adolescents to develop the ability to attain autonomy, gain control over their behavior, and make mature decisions?
Q3) Which of the following is TRUE about why males are more likely than females to succeed in committing suicide?
A) They are more depressed than females.
B) They give no warning signs before they kill themselves.
C) They use more lethal means than do females.
D) They attempt suicide more frequently than do females.
Q4) Discuss the issue of ethnic identity in the third and later generations of immigrants.
Q5) An adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of us reach our peak physical performance:
A) before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26.
B) often between the ages of 15 and 22
C) before the age of 20.
D) before the age of 22, often between the ages of 14 and 19.
Q2) An ingrained cultural belief that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will lead to status, security, and happiness.
Q3) According to the Institute of Social Research, which of the following describes extreme binge drinking?
A) About eight drinks a week
B) About five drinks a week
C) Ten or more drinks in a row
D) Six to eight drinks in a row
Q4) Which of the following is one of the best predictors of getting an STI?
A) Having multiple sexual partners
B) Being in a committed monogamous relationship
C) Engaging in sexual activity with same-sex partners
D) Using barrier methods of contraception
Q5) Discuss the impact of working while in college.
Q6) What are the factors that lead to work-related stress? Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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Q1) Which of the following differences in communication of men and women has research shown to be true?
A) Women use words more for discussing external events such as occupations and money.
B) Men and women cannot be distinguished from one another in their references to anger and sexuality.
C) Overall gender differences in communication are fairly large for both children and adults.
D) Men use words more for discussing people and what they were doing.
Q2) Lesbian couples especially place a high priority on:
A) having a large number of sexual partners.
B) maintaining a dynamic where one partner is masculine and the other is feminine.
C) equality in their relationships.
D) maintaining an open relationship that allows for the possibility of sex outside the relationship.
Q3) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being single in early adulthood.
Q4) What are some of the advantages of having children later in life?
Q5) What are the three major types of love discussed in the text?
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Schaie's Seattle Longitudinal Study, verbal memory peaked in the:
A) twenties.
B) thirties.
C) sixties.
D) fifties.
Q2) Compared to middle age, which of the following best describes late middle age for many?
A) Health problems start to decline
B) Losses may begin to outnumber gains
C) Life-changes decrease: the path is relatively fixed
D) Losses and gains even out
Q3) Religiousness has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
A) a lower rate of depression.
B) a lower rate of hypertension.
C) a lower risk of cancer.
D) longevity.
Q4) This theorist initiated the Seattle Longitudinal Study that involves extensive evaluations of intellectual abilities in the adult years.
Q6) The term given to age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Page 16
Q5) The midlife transition, for both men and women, in which fertility declines.
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Page 17
Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is true?
A) Siblings who were psychologically distant from each other in childhood tended to become close in adulthood.
B) The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are apathetic.
C) Sibling relationships rarely persist over the entire life span for most adults.
D) It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood.
Q2) Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises:
A) have been validated.
B) have been exaggerated.
C) have no cross-cultural validity.
D) have been underestimated.
Q3) Cathy and Miguel have been dating for six-months. Which of the following is likely to be LEAST important in their relationship?
A) Passion
B) Loyalty
C) Physical attraction
D) Romance
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Page 18
Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is estimated that _____ of women 85 years and older are at risk for developing dementia.
A) 23 percent
B) 17 percent
C) 31 percent
D) 55 percent
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a biological theory explaining aging?
A) Cellular clock theory
B) Free-radical theory
C) Mitochondrial theory
D) Reverse neurogenesis theory
Q3) A recent study revealed that _____ improves the sleep profile of older adults.
A) high calorie diet
B) an inactive lifestyle
C) regular exercise
D) antidepressant medication
Q4) What is the difference between life span and life expectancy?
Q5) The retention of information without conscious recollection, such as the ability to comb one's hair or type on a keyboard.
Q6) Describe shrinking of the brain in the aging process. Page 19
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Page 20
Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Late
Adulthood
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Q1) Name and briefly discuss Erikson's final stage of development.
Q2) According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, the emotion trajectory is high during:
A) early adulthood.
B) adolescence.
C) middle childhood.
D) infancy and early childhood.
Q3) Now that Benita is in late adulthood, the socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that she will:
A) become more socially withdrawn as she prepares for death.
B) continue to actively make new friends.
C) spend most of her time with familiar friends.
D) emotionally invest in peripheral relationships.
Q4) _____ illness is long-term, often lifelong, and requires long-term, if not life-term, management.
A) Acute
B) Chronic
C) Terminal
D) Debilitating
Q5) Describe the selective optimization with compensation model.
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Chapter 17: Death, Dying, and Grieving
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Q1) Other than pining for the lost person, which of the following is another dimension of grief over death?
A) Depression
B) Insomnia
C) Separation anxiety
D) Death wish
Q2) This theorist was the first to propose a five-stage model of dying which begins with denial and ends with acceptance of death.
Q3) What are the advantages of letting dying individuals know that they are dying?
Q4) According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the second stage of dying?
A) Denial and isolation
B) Bargaining
C) Acceptance
D) Anger
Q5) Define hospice and explain its focus.
Q6) The type of grief which describes an individual's grief over a deceased person that is a socially ambiguous loss that can't be openly mourned or supported.
Q7) Define euthanasia. Describe the two types of euthanasia.
Page 22
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