Course Introduction
Educational Psychology Study Guide Questions
Educational Psychology explores how individuals learn and develop within educational settings, drawing on theories of cognitive, emotional, and social development to examine factors that influence teaching and learning. This course investigates motivation, classroom management, assessment, differentiated instruction, and the impact of cultural and individual differences. Through understanding psychological principles and applying evidence-based strategies, students will be equipped to create effective, inclusive, and supportive learning environments to optimize student achievement and well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development 9th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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15 Chapters
1978 Verified Questions
1978 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Applied Directions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Observations of __________ led to the concept of __________ in child development.
A) learned behaviors in dogs; the sensitive period
B) imprinting in baby birds; the critical period
C) modeling in young mammals; adaptation
D) human infant-caregiver attachment; resilience
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following theories emphasizes many possible courses of development?
A) psychoanalytic perspective
B) cognitive-developmental theory
C) information processing
D) social learning theory
Answer: D
Q3) The information-processing approach is being used to
A) clarify the processing of social information.
B) identify differences between innate and learned behaviors.
C) facilitate bilingual speech recognition.
D) predict school achievement and career success.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) An investigator is interested in capturing a culture's unique values and social processes. __________ is best-suited for this type of study.
A) The clinical interview
B) Naturalistic observation
C) Ethnography
D) The clinical, or case study, method
Answer: C
Q2) For children under age 7 or 8, observer influence is
A) impossible to minimize.
B) usually present for the first 10 to 12 sessions.
C) generally limited to the first session or two.
D) rarely a concern.
Answer: C
Q3) Like longitudinal research, cross-sectional studies
A) can be threatened by cohort effects.
B) often rely on biased observation procedures.
C) can be threatened by selective attrition.
D) can be threatened by practice effects.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) During mitosis,
A) a single cell develops into a complex, many-celled human being.
B) new body cells are created, each with its own unique DNA.
C) the number of chromosomes normally present in body cells is halved.
D) crossing over occurs.
Answer: A
Q2) One of the most frequently occurring recessive disorder is
A) phenylketonuria (PKU).
B) Down syndrome.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) Tay-Sachs disease.
Answer: A
Q3) A study of the famine in the Netherlands revealed that women affected by malnutrition during the __________ were more likely to give birth to babies with physical defects.
A) first trimester
B) fetal period
C) second trimester
D) third trimester
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Right before baby Dom's mother leaves for work every morning, she takes her car keys off of a hook on the wall. As soon as Dom's mother unhooks the keys, Dom cries. In this example, __________ is the conditioned stimulus.
A) Dom's mother leaving for work
B) Dom's mother unhooking the keys
C) Dom's crying
D) morning time
Q2) Habituation studies test
A) recall memory.
B) imitation.
C) operant responses.
D) recognition memory.
Q3) Which of the following motor achievements, on average, occurs last?
A) grasps cube
B) sits alone
C) rolls from back to side
D) rolls from side to back
Q4) Explain dynamic systems theory of motor development. Why, according to this view, is motor development softly assembled rather than genetically hardwired?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Physical Growth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contemporary research suggests that
A) emotional turbulence is routine during adolescence.
B) adolescence is greatly extended in industrialized nations.
C) the notion of adolescence as a period of storm and stress is accurate.
D) biological, rather than psychological and social, forces influence adolescent development.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about sexual orientation?
A) Adoptive relatives are just as likely as biological relatives to share a homosexual orientation.
B) Male homosexuality tends to be more common on the paternal than the maternal side of families.
C) The evidence to date suggests that genetic and prenatal biological influences are largely responsible for homosexuality.
D) One gene-mapping study found that among 40 pairs of homosexual brothers, 82 percent had an identical segment of DNA on the Y chromosome.
Q3) Discuss the factors that contribute to adolescent moodiness.
Q4) Discuss the factors that influence adolescents' decisions about contraceptive use.
Q5) Summarize the major nutritional and health advantages of breastfeeding.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core
Knowledge, and Vygotskian
Perspectives
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Q1) According to Piaget's theory,
A) the disappearance of schemes marks the transition from sensorimotor to preoperational thought.
B) environmental, but not genetic, factors can affect the speed with which children move through cognitive stages.
C) schemes are built through interaction with adults or more skilled peers.
D) two processes account for the change from sensorimotor to representational schemes.
Q2) Elena can mentally represent her neighborhood and describe the space to others. Elena's mental representation of her neighborhood is known as A) a cognitive map.
B) propositional thought.
C) reasoning by analogy.
D) an organized route of travel.
Q3) Categorization helps infants learn and remember by A) teaching them how to group abstract stimuli.
B) enhancing their symbolic understanding.
C) reducing the enormous amount of new information they encounter every day.
D) pairing objects with word associations.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sasha says, "I better put my homework in my backpack so that I don't forget to take it in the morning." This demonstrates the successful application of Sasha's A) short-term memory.
B) cognitive inhibition.
C) metacognitive knowledge.
D) cognitive self-regulation.
Q2) According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, if Maribelle has begun to tell coherent stories with a main plot and several subplots, she is most likely age
A) 4 to 6.
B) 7 to 9.
C) 9 to 11.
D) 12 to 14.
Q3) According to Case's neo-Piagetian theory, the early childhood stage involves A) internal representations of events and actions.
B) complex transformations of representations.
C) simple transformations of representations.
D) sensory input and physical actions.
Q4) How can adults influence children's autobiographical narratives?
Q5) Describe and evaluate Siegler's model of strategy choice.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Students most likely to score poorly on high-stakes exams are
A) children with a high IQ.
B) children with a low IQ.
C) children who did not attend an early intervention program such as Head Start.
D) minority youths living in poverty.
Q2) The SAT is an __________ test, whereas a college professor's final exam is a(n) __________ test.
A) achievement; aptitude
B) aptitude; intelligence
C) aptitude; achievement
D) achievement; developmental
Q3) Which of the following factors accelerate the Flynn effect among specific children of a given generation?
A) decreased test-taking motivation
B) improved education
C) college-educated mothers
D) college-educated fathers
Q4) Describe factors that led to the development of the first intelligence tests, and explain Binet's and Simon's contribution to the intelligence testing movement.
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe early speech sounds, including the acquisition of communication skills during infancy and toddlerhood.
Q2) Which of the following factors underlie the younger-age language-learning advantage?
A) neural networks becoming dedicated to processing native-language sounds
B) sensitivity to sound variations in languages not regularly heard
C) complete lateralization of the language function to the left hemisphere
D) an ability to hear sound variations across all languages
Q3) In one study, deaf toddlers and preschoolers whose parents discouraged manual signing and addressed them verbally
A) spontaneously produced a gestural communication system.
B) reached language milestones at the same time as their hearing agemates.
C) did not develop stable vocabularies or systematic grammatical rules.
D) generated a communication system that was limited to writing.
Q4) Which of the following provides the best example of telegraphic speech?
A) Two-year-old Robbie says, "I go to the store with you."
B) Baby Clara says, "Babababa," while holding her bottle.
C) Two-year-old Venla asks, "Daddy home?"
D) One-year-old Tobias yells, "NO!" when his mother gets out her coat.
Q5) Describe two accounts of how semantic development takes place.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) A secure attachment in infancy
A) guarantees continued good parenting.
B) launches the parent-child relationship on a positive path that is likely to continue.
C) causes improved cognitive, emotional, and social competence in later years.
D) is weakly linked to poor adjustment in adolescence.
Q2) Research on the Aka of Central Africa reveals that a strong father-infant relationship is due in great part to a(n)
A) unusually cooperative and intimate bond between husband and wife.
B) lack of respect for women within the tribe.
C) lack of respect for men within the tribe.
D) strong division of male and female duties in the tribe.
Q3) In the years since her mother's death from breast cancer, Jeannine has participated in the local 5K run for cancer. When thinking about the run, Jeannine vacillates between pride and sadness. For Jeannine, this event has become
A) personally relevant.
B) a threat to her attachment security.
C) an internal working model of anxiety and stress.
D) a secure base.
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Chapter 11: Self and Social Understanding
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Sample Questions
Q1) The arrival of adolescence adds __________ as a new dimension of self-esteem.
A) physical/athletic ability
B) self-respect
C) popularity
D) close friendship
Q2) Ethan tells his mother that he is not good at math because he got seven questions wrong on his math test and his friend Jack got only one question wrong. Ethan's conclusion that he is "not good at math" demonstrates the concept of
A) achievement motivation.
B) false belief.
C) social comparison.
D) perspective taking.
Q3) Dr. Zoglin explains to his students how much easier it is to predict the motion of a physical object, such as a rolling ball, than the actions of a person. Dr. Zoglin is describing
A) differences between the I-self and the me-self.
B) differences between social and nonsocial cognition.
C) the development of self-awareness.
D) metacognitive understanding.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) With few exceptions, individuals move through Kohlberg's first four stages in A) reverse order.
B) a random order.
C) a rapid manner.
D) the predicted order.
Q2) Describe and evaluate Gilligan's claim that Kohlberg's approach to moral development underestimates the moral maturity of females.
Q3) Models of effective behavior are especially influential
A) in the early years.
B) in middle childhood.
C) in adolescence.
D) if they combine harsh punishment with frequent time outs.
Q4) In response to the Heinz dilemma, David says, "It's a natural thing for Heinz to want to save his wife, but it's still his duty as a citizen to obey the law." David is most likely in the stage of __________ orientation.
A) social-order-maintaining
B) instrumental purpose
C) "good boy-good girl"
D) social-contract
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Chapter 13: Development of Sex Differences and Gender
Roles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr. and Mrs. Merkle have a daughter and a son. They are most likely to
A) work hard to assign "cross-gender" chores to their children to avoid gender stereotyping.
B) assign their son chores that keep him close to home but allow their daughter to engage in activities that take her further into the community.
C) pair control with autonomy for their daughter and engage in restrictive parenting with their son.
D) use more directive speech with their daughter and grant their son more autonomy.
Q2) At an early age, children pick up gender-stereotyped preferences and behaviors from others and organize these experiences into __________ that they use to interpret their world.
A) gender-appropriate beliefs
B) gender schemas
C) gender intensification
D) gender-typical beliefs
Q3) What is gender-stereotype flexibility, and why does it increase dramatically during middle childhood?
Q4) Describe the development of gender constancy.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to low- or middle-SES parents, affluent parents
A) are nearly as physically and emotionally unavailable to their children as parents coping with serious financial strain.
B) make very few educational demands of their children.
C) are better at preventing substance abuse in their teenagers.
D) are more likely to provide after-school supervision and emotional support to their teenagers.
Q2) __________ has the highest divorce rate in the world.
A) Canada
B) New Zealand
C) Italy
D) The United States
Q3) Ricardo's parents are often angry at each other and fail to resolve their conflicts successfully. Ricardo is likely to
A) blame himself and display aggression.
B) avoid his parents and join after-school activities.
C) concentrate more on his schoolwork than his family life.
D) blame others for his problems and engage in self-harm.
Q4) Discuss how children typically respond to being raised in a blended family.
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Chapter 15: Peers, Media, and Schooling
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Sample Questions
Q1) As two preschoolers play "school," one pretends to be the teacher and the other pretends to be the student. The children are engaged in __________ play.
A) functional
B) constructive
C) parallel
D) cooperative
Q2) Although __________ declines with age, it is still the most frequent form among 3- to 4-year-olds.
A) nonsocial activity
B) parallel play
C) associative play
D) cooperative play
Q3) American employers regard recent high school graduates as
A) spoiled and selfish, lacking a solid work ethic.
B) well-prepared for skilled business and industrialized occupations and manual trades.
C) poorly prepared for skilled business and industrialized occupations and manual trades.
D) particularly well-suited for positions in upper management.
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