Educational Psychology Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Educational Psychology explores the foundational theories and practical applications of psychology as they relate to teaching and learning environments. The course examines cognitive, emotional, and social development and how these factors influence student motivation, classroom behavior, and educational outcomes. Students will analyze various learning theories, assessment strategies, and instructional approaches, with an emphasis on understanding individual differences and fostering inclusive, supportive classrooms. Through case studies, discussions, and research review, learners gain insight into how psychological principles can inform effective educational practices and promote lifelong learning.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development Lives in Context 1st Edition by Tara L. Kuther
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18 Chapters
2073 Verified Questions
2073 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Human Development:
Approaches and Theories
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allison is approaching her 60th birthday. She realizes that her eyesight and hearing are not as good as they used to be, and when visiting her daughter in graduate school, climbing the stairs to the fourth floor has become more difficult. However, Allison has also become more patient over the years, is better at solving difficult problems, and has a more confident and favorable view of herself than she had in her 20s and 30s. This example shows that development is _____.
A) multidimensional
B) multidisciplinary
C) multidirectional
D) plastic
Answer: C
Q2) According to ________ theory, development results from the ongoing interactions among biological, cognitive, and psychological changes within the individual and his or her changing context.
A) Piaget's cognitive-developmental
B) Bronfenbrenner's bioecological
C) information processing
D) evolutionary developmental
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Biological and Environmental Foundations
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Child A has two large X-shaped chromosomes (XX), and Child B has one large X-shaped chromosome and one much smaller Y-shaped chromosome (XY). Child A is _____ and Child B is ____.
A) female; male
B) male; female
C) an identical twin; a fraternal twin
D) a fraternal twin; an identical twin
Answer: A
Q2) Height is an example of polygenic inheritance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Why are males more likely than females to be affected by X-linked disorders?
Answer: Males (XY) are more likely to be affected by X-linked genetic disorders because they have only one X chromosome. In contrast, females have two X chromosomes; a recessive gene located on one X chromosome will be masked by a dominant gene on the other X chromosome. Females are thereby less likely to display X-linked genetic disorders because both of their X-chromosomes must carry the recessive genetic disorder for it to be displayed.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn
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155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr. Li conducts research with adult stem cells. These cells are used to:
A) increase the success rates of in vitro fertilization.
B) repair the tissues in which they are found.
C) treat lung and stomach cancers.
D) generate embryonic stem cells.
Answer: B
Q2) Preterm babies tend to have more serious developmental problems than small-for-date babies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Newborn Mirella was born at 38 weeks gestation. However, she only weighed 3.5 pounds at birth. Mirella would be classified as:
A) preterm.
B) extremely low birth weight.
C) small for date.
D) having Down syndrome.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the process of combining information from more than one sensory system?
Q2) Which of the following behaviors is an example of deferred imitation?
A) Karlie's mother is mopping the kitchen floor so Karlie takes her toy mop and pretends to mop the laundry room at the same time.
B) Hannah, a newborn baby, is being held by her mother. Her mother sticks her tongue out and Hannah repeats the behavior and sticks her tongue out.
C) Jack is at day care eating lunch. The boy sitting next to him puts his bowl on his own head. Jack laughs and puts his bowl on his head too.
D) Alex is a 12-month-old who was watching his older brother put blocks into an ice cream bucket. A week later, Alex was sitting next to an ice cream bucket and started putting blocks into the bucket.
Q3) An infant is just as likely to imitate an intentional action as they are an accidental action.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Motor development reflects an interaction between maturation and environment in which the infant acquires increasingly complex _____ of action.
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on what we know about Piaget's sensorimotor substages, in which substage would an infant be capable of deferred imitation?
A) Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions
B) Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions
C) Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions
D) Substage 6: Mental Representations
Q2) What are infants' earliest categories based on?
Q3) Core knowledge is a concept that occurs during Piaget's sensorimotor substage of tertiary circular reactions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Jennifer is an infant who has begun to put all the spoons in a pile and all the forks in a pile when her mother is doing dishes. She also will put the toy cars together and the stuffed animals together in boxes in her playroom. Based on what we know about categorization in infants, how old is Jennifer?
A) Jennifer is most likely 7 to 12 months old.
B) Jennifer is most likely just turning 15 months old.
C) Jennifer is most likely 3 to 6 months old.
D) Jennifer is 2 years old.
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order for a toddler to be able to experience self-conscious emotions, they must be able to do all of the following except:
A) The toddler must be able to observe himself and others.
B) The toddler must be aware of standards and rules.
C) The toddler must be able to compare his behavior with the standard.
D) The toddler must be able to use social referencing.
Q2) Self-conscious emotions include all of the following except:
A) contentment.
B) embarrassment.
C) empathy.
D) guilt.
Q3) How can an insecure attachment between child and parent be overcome?
Q4) Separation protest tends to be primarily seen only in North America and is not considered a behavior witnessed cross-culturally.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Temperament tends to be stable over months and even years, even into adulthood.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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206 Verified Questions
206 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At age 2, the brain reaches ____ percent of its adult weight.
A) 30
B) 50
C) 75
D) 90
Q2) _____ are cognitive activities that make us more likely to remember.
A) Scripts
B) Recognition and recall
C) Assimilation and accommodation
D) Memory strategies
Q3) The primary goal of welfare-to-work programs is to improve children's academic and social functioning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Growth hormone is secreted from birth to middle childhood.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List and define three concepts associated with Vygotsky's theory than can be applied to academic instruction.
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Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Andrew's parents are very strict. They expect Andrew to obey them, and he is not allowed to question what they say or he is punished. His parents yell at him often and when he disobeys they spank him. What type of parenting style describes Andrew's parents?
A) Uninvolved
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Authoritarian
Q2) The most positive developmental outcomes are associated with the authoritarian parenting style.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A child's understanding that gender does not change, he or she will always be the same regardless of appearance, activities, or attitudes, is called:
A) gender stability.
B) gender constancy.
C) gender schema.
D) gender difference.
Q4) What are the benefits of sociodramatic play?
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is Piaget's morality of cooperation different from Kohlberg's conventional moral reasoning?
Q2) Which of the following is not considered to be an important developmental advantage that rough-and-tumble play provides?
A) Play with friends
B) Perceptual development
C) The development of social skills
D) Learning new motor skills
Q3) Which of the following statements is not consistent with analytical intelligence?
A) Individuals high in analytical intelligence generate and apply strategies to solve problems well.
B) Individuals high in analytical intelligence engage in metacognition.
C) Individuals high in analytical intelligence process information efficiently.
D) Individuals high in analytical intelligence learn easily and organize information well.
Q4) Dyslexia is the most commonly diagnosed learning disability.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ryan's parents are both very intrusive. They are so overprotective that they don't let him go outside alone, even though he is 9 years old. They are very critical of him and nag him daily about trivial things. Based on Ryan's home environment, he is most likely:
A) going to be a bully.
B) going to become aggressive against others.
C) going to be a victim of a bully.
D) going to get poor grades.
Q2) The capacity to adapt and bounce back is called: A) autonomy.
B) industry.
C) resilience.
D) collectivism.
Q3) Perpetrators of sexual abuse are most often males whom the child does not know. A)True B)False
Q4) The United States has the highest divorce rate of all industrialized nations. A)True
B)False
Page 12
Q5) What are the common indicators and outcomes associated with child sexual abuse?
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why are breast development, deepening of the voice, growth of body hair, and changes in the skin all considered secondary sex characteristics?
A) Because they happen after the maturation of the ovaries and testes.
B) Because they indicate physical maturation but are not directly related to fertility.
C) Because they are not important changes.
D) Because they happen at the end of puberty.
Q2) Why does stress affect pubertal timing?
A) Stress can raise leptin levels in the body, causing early puberty.
B) Stress causes risks for disease, which delays puberty.
C) Stress causes more severe reactions to the effects of poverty.
D) Stress can trigger irregular ovulation and menstruation in females and reduce sperm production in males.
Q3) Adolescents and adults generally do not differ in their ratings of the perceived harmfulness of risks, and in many cases, adolescents perceive greater risks than do adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is poor sleep in adolescence associated with?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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197 Verified Questions
197 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nearly 60% of 16-year-olds in the United States have had sexual intercourse.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regarding contraceptive use, the majority of sexually active adolescents report using _______ during the most recent sexual intercourse.
A) birth control pills
B) spermicide
C) nothing
D) condoms
Q3) ______, in which parents are aware of their adolescents' whereabouts and companions, is associated with academic achievement, overall well-being, reduced sexual activity, and deters delinquent activity and substance use in youth of all ethnicities.
A) Authoritarian parenting
B) Parental monitoring
C) Helicopter parenting
D) Familism
Q4) Global self-esteem tends to increase at about 11 years of age.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pragmatic thought entails acceptance of inconsistency and ambiguity; therefore, it is most like:
A) autonomous judgment.
B) reflective judgment.
C) dualistic thinking.
D) relativistic thinking.
Q2) Two or more instances of binge drinking within the past 30 days is called:
Q3) Young adults tend to make the same emotion-fused thinking that adolescents engage in.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the process of aging that occurs in the theory of aging involving the body's reduced capacity for cell division?
Q5) The majority of smokers have their first cigarette before age 18.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What theory of aging involves highly reactive and corrosive substances that form when cells are exposed to oxygen that destroy DNA, proteins, and other cellular materials, contributing to age-related diseases and cancers?
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Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a characteristic of individuals in emerging adulthood?
A) College attendance
B) Involvement in long-term relationships
C) Diversity in lifestyles
D) Becoming a parent
Q2) The developmental task of establishing the capacity for intimate relationships is best fulfilled by establishing a nonromantic, close friendship with a same-sex or opposite-sex individual.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Young people who are in psychosocial moratorium are less likely to form intimate relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What percentage of lesbian women are parents?
A) 5%
B) 11%
C) 21%
D) 33%
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The clinical term for age-related farsightedness (the inability to focus the lens on close objects, such as in reading small print) is:
Q2) How do experts approach problems that support gains in practical problem solving?
A) They use intuition.
B) They read background information.
C) They know how to ask appropriate questions.
D) They keep their mind busy and read stories to the young child.
Q3) Why does fluid intelligence decline over the adult years?
Q4) The sandwich generation refers to individuals who are stuck between the healthy period of early adulthood and late adulthood's physical ailments.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following physical changes in middle adulthood shows a gender difference?
A) Weight gain
B) Location of fat accumulation
C) Vision
D) Metabolic rate
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do adults tend to consistently identify with their younger selves?
A) Adults tend to be more similar to their younger selves than they are different.
B) Adults overall tend to be very optimistic about their view of self and do not picture themselves as getting older.
C) They identify with what they developed during their creation of "the dream."
D) It is a compensatory strategy to counteract the negative cultural messages associated with aging and to maximize their happiness.
Q2) People choose behaviors, lifestyles, mates, and contexts based on their personalities, and then the outcomes of these choices and life experiences may strengthen and stabilize personality traits.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Older middle-aged adults are typically more autonomous, less concerned with the evaluations and expectations of others, and more concerned with living up to self-chosen ideals and standards.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What percentage of adults report planning for retirement?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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89 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older adults are less likely to get all of their nutritional needs met through their diet and are therefore at risk for nutritional deficiency.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How is exercise good for the mind?
Q3) What type of emotion-related information do older adults have a greater capacity for processing as compared to younger adults?
A) Positive information
B) Negative information
C) Nonemotional information
D) Conflictual information
Q4) Factors that prevent cardiovascular disease, such as physical activity and diet, also prevent and slow the progression of vascular dementia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Cancer survival rate is defined as living 5 years after diagnosis. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Socioemotional Development in Late
Adulthood and the End of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of U.S. older adults live in rural areas?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 50%
Q2) David is an older adult who has a strong sense of religiosity. He prays daily and attends church services every week. He believes that God is in control of his life. Which of the following outcomes would David most likely not experience?
A) Higher sense of self-worth
B) Higher levels of death anxiety
C) Greater life satisfaction
D) Optimism
Q3) The philosophy of the hospice approach emphasizes:
A) prolonging life.
B) financial planning for family members.
C) prolonging quality of life.
D) creating a health care proxy.
Q4) When discussing the dying process, the rate of decline in functioning is called the:
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