Educational Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Educational Psychology explores the principles, theories, and research methods related to human learning and development in educational settings. This course examines how students acquire, process, and retain knowledge, as well as the impact of motivation, individual differences, classroom environments, and social influences on learning. Topics include cognitive development, behaviorist and constructivist perspectives, assessment techniques, and strategies for accommodating diverse learners. By understanding the psychological foundations of education, students will learn to apply effective teaching practices and create supportive learning environments that foster academic and personal growth.
Recommended Textbook
Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2nd Edition by
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Page 2
Diane R. Gehart
Chapter 1: Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and
You: Connecting the Dots
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Q1) Regarding person-of-the-therapist competence,research indicates that clients need to feel _____________,_______________,and _________________.
A) hope; safety; confidence
B) heard; understood; accepted
C) trusted; competent; appreciated
D) valued; intelligent; capable
Answer: B
Q2) The major mental health disciplines agree that the competent use of theory entails all of the following areas EXCEPT: _____________________________________.
A) assessment and diagnosis
B) diversity and multicultural competence
C) research and the evidence base
D) the person-of-the-therapist
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Treatment Planning
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Q1) The primary function of client goals in the working phase is to address
A) crisis issues and stabilize crisis symptoms
B) dynamics that create and/or sustain client symptoms or problems
C) the global issues which move the client toward greater heath
D) monitoring the quality of the therapeutic relationship
Answer: B
Q2) Two tasks that are almost always present in the initial phase of treatment are ________________________________.
A) assigning a diagnosis and providing referrals
B) establishing a therapeutic relationship and clarifying boundaries
C) establishing a therapeutic relationship and assessing individual, family, and social dynamics
D) providing a diagnosis and assessing individual, family, and social dynamics
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Freudian analysts conceptualize client problems by examining how the __________ manages on-going conflicts between the ______________ and the
A) ego; id's drives; superego's prohibitions
B) superego; id's drives; ego's prohibitions
C) id; ego's drives; superego's prohibitions
D) ego; superego's drives; id's prohibitions
Answer: A
Q2) __________ is the most basic technique of all psychoanalytic approaches,and uses unconscious material to facilitate client insight.
A) mirroring
B) empathy
C) interpretation
D) consultation
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Jungian Analytic Psychology
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Q1) All of the following are Jungian analytic interventions EXCEPT:
A) pathologizing and diagnosing behavior.
B) identifying symbols and decoding their meaning for clients.
C) dream analysis using archetypal symbols and myth to find meaning for clients.
D) interpretation of synchronistic events to determine meaning.
Q2) Describe the role of the counselor in Jungian analytical psychology?
Q3) In the Jungian case conceptualization of Martin,the client sees himself as a competent provider and has difficulty acknowledging certain parts of himself.This is an example of which of the following?
A) ego identity
B) the unconscious
C) archetype
D) individuation
Q4) Describe the relationship between the ego and the Self?
Q5) All of the following are stages in Jungian analytic psychology EXCEPT A) confession.
B) identification.
C) education.
D) transformation.
Q6) Regarding Jungian counseling,what is meant by "healer,heal thyself"?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Adlerian Individual Counseling
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Q1) The terms social interest or community feeling refer to a person subjectively experiencing having something in common with others and being part of a community,and is a basic premise of Adlerian counseling.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Adlerians,basic mistakes are faulty assumptions such as overgeneralization,false goals of security,misperceptions of life's demands,and minimization of one's self-worth that __________________________________.
A) develop in childhood as children make sense of loneliness, parental anger, trauma, and loss
B) most affect how one defines the self, which affects the quality of relationships
C) require intensive counseling to resolve
D) turn into anger and result in polarities that can be useful in identifying core issues
Q3) What is Adler's theory regarding social interest?
Q4) What is the relationship of individual inferiority to social interest?
Q5) What is meant by "private logic"?
Q6) Explain the role of psychoeducation in Adlerian counseling.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Rob,a client,is describing an intense emotional experience and reports feeling very angry but smiles while telling the story.Carla,his person-centered counselor,might use which intervention to address discrepancies in Rob's presentation?
A) clarifying
B) reflecting
C) immediacy
D) confrontation
Q2) According to person-centered counseling,all of the following are necessary and sufficient elements for therapeutic change EXCEPT:
A) unconditional positive regard.
B) counselor congruence or genuineness.
C) accurate empathetic understanding.
D) insight.
Q3) Which of the following is the overarching goal in person-centered counseling?
A) personality change
B) congruence
C) self- actualization
D) individuation
Q4) What role does empathy play in humanistic counseling?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) How do existential counselors view the goals of therapy?
Q2) Most existentialists believe that life is inherently __________.Existential counselors work with clients to help clients find life __________.
A) fulfilling/fulfillment
B) predetermined/determination
C) purposeful/purpose
D) meaningless/meaning
Q3) Existential counseling requires facing the reality of death,loneliness,and responsibility for one's life.This requires the counselor to promote __________ in the client.
A) answers
B) courage
C) self-centeredness
D) affirmation
Q4) What do existential counselors believe about the purpose of life?
Q5) Existential angst refers to all of the following EXCEPT:
A) feeling nervousness or agitation about something that is going to happen.
B) contemplating the possibility of a meaningless existence.
C) becoming aware of choices, freedoms, and responsibilities in life.
D) becoming aware of how each decision shapes one's life.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Asking your client to speak aloud while in session what she is afraid to say to an actual person,would be an example of _____________.
A) language modification
B) experiment
C) body awareness
D) dream work
Q2) The statement: "The more one tries to change (and be who one is not),the more one stays the same." refers to what concept in Gestalt counseling?
A) organismic self-regulation
B) awareness
C) integration of polarities
D) paradoxical theory of change.
Q3) What is meant by an "experiential" approach to therapy?
Q4) Responsible vs.carefree is an example of a problematic _________________.
A) act
B) polarity
C) opposition
D) counterbalance
Q5) What is the person of the counselor and why is it important?
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Chapter 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Q1) The long term goal of cognitive-behavioral counseling is best described by which of the following statements?
A) The goal is to enable clients to independently solve their own problems by recognizing dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors early enough to prevent them from creating distress.
B) The goal is for clients to be able to partner with counselors to solve their problems by the counselor reflecting dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors early enough to prevent them from creating distress.
C) The goal is to enable clients to independently solve their own problems by recognizing dysfunctional thoughts a behaviors after they occur so the client does not do the same thing again.
D) The goal is to enable clients to understand events in their childhood that created problems and cause dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors in order to prevent them from occurring again in the future.
Q2) Explain Beck's concept of distorted cognitions and identify at least one common distortion.
Q3) How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?
Q4) What is meant by the terms in-vivo and flooding?
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Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral
Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Q1) The dialectical world view is made up of three primary characteristics: interrelatedness or wholeness,polarity,and ____________________.
A) transformation
B) continuous change
C) enlightenment
D) integrations
Q2) Dialectical conceptualization is about finding balance between polar opposites.In the psychological realm opposites take the form of ____________,____________,or _____________.
A) conscious; unconscious; self
B) id; ego; superego
C) thoughts; emotions; behaviors
D) psychoeducation; acceptance; transformation
Q3) Regarding case conceptualization,a _________________ is typically done first in order to decide if TF-CBT is the most appropriate treatment intervention.
A) formal diagnostic assessment
B) client interview
C) trial session
D) trauma assessment
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Chapter 11: Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy
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Q1) Each of the following: good/bad child,understanding/strict parent,logical/emotional,role model/rebel are examples of ___________________.
A) hierarchies
B) complementary roles
C) coalitions
D) subsystems
Q2) The purpose of enactments in systemic counseling is ___________________________________________________.
A) to avoid seeing couples or family arguing in your office
B) to observe and restructure couple and family interactions in your office
C) to hear couples and families describe how they interact
D) to help couples and families to argue in a healthy manner in your office
Q3) What are the benefits of using systemic therapy with diverse client populations?
Q4) New information or news,experienced in a system is referred to as which of the following?
A) universal feedback
B) negative feedback
C) positive feedback
D) general feedback
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Chapter 12: Solution-Based Approaches
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Q1) The difference between the following two statements: "I always feel down" versus "You were feeling down yesterday," is an example of
A) echoing client's key words
B) reflecting
C) channeling language
D) mirroring
Q2) How are strengths utilized in solution-focused counseling?
Q3) Solution-based counselors believe that ______________ is inevitable and always possible.
A) happiness
B) satisfaction
C) hope
D) change
Q4) In solution-based approaches,the counselor collaborates with the client to envision _______________ for the problem.
A) alternatives
B) insights
C) explanations
D) solutions
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Narrative and Collaborative Approaches
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Q1) Goals in narrative counseling focus on clients enacting preferred narratives which involves increasing clients' sense of ______________,the sense that they influence in the direction of their lives.
A) happiness
B) independence
C) agency
D) responsibility
Q2) When a narrative counselor wants to separate the problem,such as depression,from the person,they might ask a question such as:
A) What is it like for you to be a depressed person?
B) How has Depression affected your life?
C) In what ways are you depressed?
D) How often are you depressed?
Q3) What is the nature of the relationship between counselor and client in narrative counseling?
Q4) In what ways is collaborative counseling ideal for working with diverse populations?
Q5) What role does curiosity play in collaborative counseling?
Q6) What is externalizing and how is it used in narrative counseling?
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Chapter 14: Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Feminist counselors promote social activism and social justice through their own actions and with their clients by
A) requiring clients to start groups for peers in their communities suffering from similar struggles
B) supporting clients finding ways to make a difference in their communities in ways that work for the client
C) advocating for clients no matter what the cost (personally or professionally) to the therapist
D) projecting the beliefs of the counselor onto the client until the client accepts them
Q2) The principle of authenticity as it relates to counselor-client relationships in feminist counseling is best explained as the counselor
A) using unfiltered self-disclosure
B) expressing responsiveness keeping the wellbeing of client's in mind
C) putting counselor reactiveness before the client's needs
D) not taking responsibility for relational disconnection
Q3) How do feminist counselors view diagnosis?
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Theoretical Integration
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Q1) All of the following are schools with the post-modern philosophical approach EXCEPT: A) constructivism.
B) social-constructivism.
C) structuralism/postconstructuralism.
D) individualism.
Q2) Carlos,a narrative therapist for 9 years,at times integrates practices from other approaches in order to broaden intervention options that may work for his client,but remains essentially narrative in his approach.This is referred to as _______________.
A) common factors
B) assimilative integration
C) systemic treatment selection
D) favorite intervention integration
Q3) The author identifies four philosophical schools.What are they?
A) Purism, phenomenological, systemic, postmodern
B) Psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, systemic, narrative
C) Modernism, phenomenological, systemic, postmodern
D) Theoretical, philosophical, behavioral, emotional
Q4) What qualities define good integration?
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Chapter 16: Integrative Case Conceptualization
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Q1) After obtaining the background information about the problem,the counselor should be careful to _____________________________ when choosing words,ordering the information,and emphasizing particular details.
A) insert clinical opinions throughout B) include descriptive words and adjectives
C) be only positive
D) not impose bias
Q2) When a counselor does an Existential analysis of a client's life situation,it is critical that they ask perennial,existential questions such as which of the following?
A) What inspires you and makes you feel whole and fulfilled?
B) How often do you feel anxious?
C) What are the symptoms of your depression?
D) How does your job affect your mood?
Q3) What purpose do counseling theories serve?
Q4) How might a clinician excel in case conceptualization and assessment?
Q5) How does a counselor utilize client strengths in the formation of a case conceptualization?
Q6) List and describe three elements of a case conceptualization.
Q7) How does obtaining background information further the therapeutic work?
Page 18
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