Educational Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Educational Psychology explores the scientific study of how people learn and develop within educational settings, examining cognitive, emotional, and social processes that influence learning across the lifespan. The course covers foundational theories of learning and motivation, developmental stages, classroom management strategies, assessment methods, and the impact of individual differences on educational outcomes. Through analysis of real-world scenarios and research-based practices, students develop skills to create supportive and effective learning environments, understand diverse learner needs, and apply psychological principles to improve teaching and learning.
Recommended Textbook
Infants Children and Adolescents and MyVirtualChild 7th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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17 Chapters
2126 Verified Questions
2126 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The information-processing perspective has little to say about A) linear cognition.
B) how children think at different ages.
C) logical cognition.
D) imagination and creativity.
Answer: D
Q2) Charlene believes that her daughter's ability to think in complex ways is largely the result of an inborn timetable of growth. Charlene's view emphasizes A) nurture.
B) nature.
C) plasticity.
D) early experiences.
Answer: B
Q3) Erik Erikson was one of the first theorists to A) study the nature-nurture controversy.
B) focus on the impact of early experiences on later behavior.
C) recognize the lifespan nature of development.
D) view children as passive beings.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr. and Mrs. White are told that their son has the most common chromosomal disorder. The Whites' son has _________ syndrome.
A) Klinefelter
B) Down
C) Triple X
D) Turner
Answer: B
Q2) Mutations
A) rarely occur spontaneously.
B) can be caused by hazardous environmental agents.
C) affect only one gene.
D) cannot occur after birth.
Answer: B
Q3) One of the most frequently occurring recessive disorders is A) phenylketonuria.
B) Huntington disease.
C) Marfan syndrome.
D) Down syndrome.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about HIV and AIDS?
A) HIV-positive pregnant women pass the virus to their fetus 20 to 30 percent of the time.
B) About 25 to 35 percent of prenatal AIDS babies die by 1 year of age.
C) There are no antiviral drugs that reduce prenatal AIDS transmission without harmful consequences.
D) Most infant HIV cases are curable if caught and treated early.
Answer: A
Q2) The most important preparation for parenthood
A) takes place in the context of the parents' relationship.
B) is having a positive relationship with one's own parents.
C) involves attending prenatal classes.
D) is having support from extended family.
Answer: A
Q3) Expectant mothers can prevent toxoplasmosis by
A) making sure the vegetables they eat are clean.
B) avoiding exposure to X-rays.
C) avoiding eating swordfish.
D) making sure that the meat they eat is well-cooked.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At birth, infants prefer
A) pure tones.
B) nonspeech sounds.
C) simple sounds.
D) voices.
Q2) Research shows that mothers learn to discriminate their newborn baby from other infants on the basis of touch, smell, and sight after as little as __________ of contact.
A) 15 minutes
B) 30 minutes
C) one hour
D) two hours
Q3) The rate of cesarean delivery is
A) substantially higher in induced than spontaneous labors.
B) lower today than it was forty years ago.
C) currently about 10 percent in the United States.
D) lower in the United States than in other industrialized countries.
Q4) Explain the concepts of bonding and rooming in. Is immediate physical contact necessary for bonding to occur? Is there a sensitive period for bonding?
Q5) Describe the signs that indicate that labor is near.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between ages _____ and _____, napping subsides.
A) 1; 3
B) 2; 4
C) 3; 5
D) 4; 6
Q2) Breastfed babies in poverty-stricken regions of the world
A) are more likely than bottle-fed babies to be malnourished.
B) should be given a vitamin-enriched supplement of commercial formula at least weekly.
C) are far more likely than bottle-fed babies to survive the first year of life.
D) should be breastfed until age 2 years, with solid food added at 3 months of age.
Q3) If growth faltering is corrected in infancy, most babies
A) remain small.
B) show lasting cognitive difficulties.
C) show quick catch-up growth.
D) show lasting emotional difficulties.
Q4) Define size and shape constancy, and explain how they contribute to infants' perception of objects.
Q5) Describe some common forms of inadequate nutrition in the United States.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States, child-care settings providing the very worst care tend to
A) serve middle-SES families.
B) serve low-SES families.
C) be publicly subsidized, nonprofit centers.
D) be in family homes.
Q2) The Bayley Scales of Infant Development test
A) is suitable for preschool and school-age children.
B) accurately predicts future school achievement.
C) is suitable for children between one month and 3½ years.
D) is a poor predictor of infants' mental development.
Q3) Explain the core knowledge perspective of cognitive development.
Q4) Recall memory
A) is not as challenging as recognition memory.
B) is the simplest form of memory.
C) involves remembering a stimulus with perceptual support.
D) improves steadily with age.
Q5) Identify Piaget's substages of sensorimotor development, including the adaptive behaviors associated with each substage.
Q7) Compare the three major theories of language development. Page 8
Q6) Describe the structure of the information-processing system.
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ahmed, age 2, gives his favorite stuffed toy to his little brother when his brother falls down and starts to cry. Ahmed is displaying
A) an internal working model.
B) empathy.
C) a categorical self.
D) social referencing.
Q2) Research on attachment in at-risk infants reveals that A) preterm birth predicts insecure attachment, regardless of maternal characteristics or other caregiving experiences.
B) at-risk infants whose parents have adequate time and patience to care for them fare quite well in attachment security.
C) infants with special needs rarely display secure attachment to any caregiver.
D) mothers' experience of traumatic events is highly predictive of disorganized/disoriented attachment in preterm infants.
Q3) Discuss the involvement of fathers as it relates to attachment security. How do mothers and fathers differ in their caregiving?
Q4) Describe the development of fear, noting the concepts of stranger anxiety and secure base.
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Childhood injuries
A) are typically accidental and usually cannot be prevented.
B) occur within a complex ecological system and can often be prevented.
C) rank second only to cancer as a cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations.
D) are less common in the United States than in other industrialized nations.
Q2) During the preschool years,
A) children usually eat the same amount of food during each meal.
B) the social environment powerfully influences food preferences.
C) it is common for children's appetite to increase.
D) children can tolerate more fats, oils, and salt.
Q3) Between the ages of 2 and 3 years, most children learn how to
A) push a riding toy with their feet.
B) use a knife to cut soft foods.
C) tie their shoes.
D) pedal and steer a tricycle.
Q4) Describe strategies for preventing early otitis media.
Q5) Discuss how motor vehicle use relates to childhood injuries. What are some ways to minimize unintentional injuries during automobile travel?
Q6) Describe the development of drawing in children in Western nations.
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List strategies for supporting emergent literacy in early childhood, and explain why each strategy is useful.
Q2) Four-year-old Matthew is shown a robot. Matthew is most likely to say that the robot cannot
A) see.
B) think.
C) grow.
D) remember.
Q3) Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they are not skilled at using A) memory strategies.
B) episodic memory.
C) autobiographical memory.
D) scripts.
Q4) Describe a Piagetian classroom. What educational principles derived from Piaget's theory continue to influence teacher training and classroom practices?
Q5) Explain how adults can foster preschoolers' language development.
Q6) Explain what Piaget's famous conservation tasks reveal about preoperational children's thinking.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With age, preschoolers' conflicts center less on _______ and more on ________.
A) ideas; toys
B) attitudes; resources
C) differences of opinion; toys
D) resources; differences of opinion
Q2) Preschoolers' self-concepts largely consist of A) talents.
B) personality traits.
C) observable characteristics.
D) temperamental qualities.
Q3) Rhoda's parents frequently degrade her. They rarely listen to her point of view. They use force and punishment and sometime threaten withdrawal of affection. Rhoda's parents have a(n) __________ style of child rearing.
A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) authoritative
D) uninvolved
Q4) Describe gender schema theory, and explain how it accounts for the persistence of gender stereotypes and gender-role preferences.
13
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The larger size of today's children is mostly due to
A) food additives.
B) a faster rate of physical development.
C) a cultural change in body image.
D) widespread immunization.
Q2) Parents who tell their children not to read in dim light for fear of ruining their eyes are
A) voicing well-founded concerns.
B) repeating unfounded "old wives tales."
C) unnecessarily scaring their children.
D) actually putting the children at further risk for myopia.
Q3) By age ____, the sexual difference in the growth trend reverses.
A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 11
Q4) List and describe advances in four basic gross-motor capacities during middle childhood.
Q5) Describe the secular trends in physical growth over the past 150 years, including factors that may be responsible for changing trends.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In school-age children, adolescents, and adults, ________ intelligence is positively associated with self-esteem, leadership skills, and life satisfaction, and negatively related to depression and aggressive behavior.
A) spatial
B) emotional
C) analytical
D) bodily-kinesthetic
Q2) Camilla, age 5, often uses an empirical approach instead of a logical approach to solve problems. After failing at a class-inclusion task at school, her teacher provided a logical explanation for solving the problem correctly. Based on recent studies, Camilla's future performance on this task should
A) improve rapidly.
B) be similar to that of an 8-year-old child.
C) decrease slightly.
D) remain the same.
Q3) Define emotional intelligence. How is it assessed? How can teachers promote it?
Q4) How are gifted, creative, and talented students identified? What are some characteristics they share?
Q5) Describe Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.
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Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) School-age children with peer-relationship problems are more likely to A) have experienced permissive discipline.
B) come from middle-SES families.
C) have weak emotional self-regulation skills.
D) have experienced authoritative discipline.
Q2) Jalesa's parents exercise general oversight of her activities, while letting Jalesa take charge of moment-by-moment decision making. Jalesa and her parents are engaging in
A) supervisory parenting.
B) authoritarian parenting.
C) mediation.
D) coregulation.
Q3) For most children, self-esteem rises from ______ on.
A) preschool
B) second grade
C) fourth grade
D) sixth grade
Q4) What are some ways that schools can prevent learned helplessness and foster a mastery-oriented approach to learning?
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Q5) Discuss blended families and describe some support options available to them.
Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding the intergenerational continuity of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood is true?
A) Becoming a second-generation teenage parent is inevitable for individuals born to an adolescent mother.
B) Intergenerational continuity in adolescent daughters is far greater when teenage mothers marry.
C) Marriage may limit the negative impact of teenage childbearing on development by reducing family stress.
D) Adolescent parenthood does not increase the chances of teenage childbearing the next generation.
Q2) Gregor, a high-school senior, has begun taking creatine to enhance his performance on the basketball court. Which of the following side effects are possible?
A) diabetes
B) brain seizures
C) damage to the reproductive organs
D) a loss in muscle power
Q3) Describe the secular trend in pubertal timing in industrialized nations.
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Involvement in extracurricular activities
A) interferes with academic performance.
B) increases the dropout rate.
C) is promoted by small school size.
D) results in negative peer pressure.
Q2) _________________ lead(s) adolescents to think more about themselves.
A) Overly permissive child rearing and a lack of structure
B) The ability to reflect on their thoughts, combined with physical and psychological changes,
C) Individualistic values and a disregard for others' feelings
D) Selfishness and poor problem-solving skills
Q3) High-quality vocational preparation programs in high schools
A) have resulted in improved academic achievement and reduced delinquency.
B) are widespread in both the United States and Canada.
C) are typically available in North American schools, but only for industrial occupations and manual trades.
D) have shown no influence on attitudes or vocational outcomes for high school students.
Q4) Explain why teenagers have difficulty with decision making.
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following young people is at greatest risk for suicide?
A) Jennifer, who is Hispanic
B) Claire, who is African American
C) Alyssia, who is Native American
D) Leah, who is Caucasian American
Q2) Tony has thought long and hard about music as a career. When asked if he would change his mind if something better came along, he replied, "I doubt it." Which identity status characterizes Tony?
A) identity achievement
B) moratorium
C) identity foreclosure
D) identity diffusion
Q3) The largest group of teenagers who commit suicide
A) are withdrawn.
B) show antisocial tendencies.
C) are highly intelligent.
D) are girls.
Q4) What types of moral dilemmas do people face in real life, and how do they resolve them? How does this compare to their approach to hypothetical problems like Kohlberg's Heinz dilemma?
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Chapter 17: Emerging Adulthood
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34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nearly half of American 18- to 25-year olds
A) earn a bachelor's degree by age 22.
B) enter graduate school.
C) return to their parents' home for brief periods after first leaving.
D) view marriage and parenthood as crucial markers of adult status.
Q2) Jermaine, a college sophomore, was asked, "If two people disagree on the interpretation of a poem, how would you decide which one is right?" He replied, "You'd have to ask the poet. It's his poem." Jermaine is displaying A) dualistic thinking.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) relativistic thinking.
D) epistemic cognition.
Q3) Maribeth views all knowledge as embedded in a framework of thought. She believes that each person, in arriving at a position, creates her own "truth." Maribeth uses
A) dualistic thinking.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) relativistic thinking.
D) epistemic cognition.
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