Educational Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Educational Psychology explores the principles, theories, and research findings related to human learning and development within educational settings. This course examines cognitive, social, and emotional factors that influence learning processes, motivation, classroom management, and assessment. Students will gain an understanding of how individual differences, developmental stages, and contextual variables impact teaching and learning. Emphasis is placed on applying psychological concepts to enhance instructional strategies, foster inclusive learning environments, and support diverse learners, equipping future educators to make informed decisions in their practice.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development 6th Edition by Denise Boyd
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19 Chapters
2268 Verified Questions
2268 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts and Methods
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Our sense of "the right time" to go to college, marry, have children, or retire is determined by our
A) biological clock.
B) intuition.
C) social clock.
D) cultural and cohort continuity.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of a cross-sectional research study?
A) Dr. Huang assessed the eye-hand coordination of the second, fourth, and sixth graders of Maple Leaf Elementary School in September 2006.
B) Dr. Sanchez assessed the eye-hand coordination of the second, fourth, and sixth graders of Maple Leaf Elementary School in December 2006, and the same children will be tested again in 2008, 2010, and 2012.
C) Each year at the beginning of the school year, the five children of the Jones family visit their family doctor to have physical exams.
D) Each year the five-year-olds of Washington, D.C., are given number and letter proficiency exams before they begin kindergarten.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following concepts, which is an aspect of the sociobiology theory of human development?
A) Stimulus and response
B) Cognitive deficits
C) Social rules and behaviors that ensure survival
D) Defense mechanisms
Answer: A
Q2) According to Freud, the aspect of the personality which demands immediate gratification of sexual and aggressive impulses is the ________.
Answer: id
Q3) According to the principles of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, how you act at a party depends upon which of the following to guide and direct your behavior?
A) Scheme
B) Memory
C) Reinforcement
D) Sensorimotor skills
Answer: A
Q4) ________ coined the term operant conditioning.
Answer: B. F. Skinner
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following serve to hold neurons together?
A) Axonal cells
B) Glial cells
C) Myelin sheath
D) Dendritic cells
Answer: B
Q2) Gina appeared to be a healthy pregnant woman but her baby was born with central nervous system damage, and later it was determined that the child was completely deaf and has mental retardation. Which of the following would be the most likely cause?
A) HIV
B) Cytomegalovirus
C) Syphilis
D) Rubella
Answer: B
Q3) What does the most current research say about the exactness of traits in identical twins?
Answer: Identical twins are not always identical; there can be phenotypical variations.
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Chapter 4: Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The five basic flavors that humans register are
A) bitter, sweet, salty, spicy, umami.
B) sweet, sour, bitter, umami, salty.
C) salty, sweet, spicy, piquant, bittersweet.
D) bittersweet, sour, sweet, umami, spicy.
Q2) Explain how and why the size of an infant's brain increases so rapidly after birth. How much does the brain grow from infancy to four years of age?
Q3) In the United States, which group has the highest infant mortality rate?
A) Puerto Rican Americans
B) Mexican Americans
C) African Americans
D) Asian Americans
Q4) Your text mentions a coexisting condition that causes chronic diarrhea in many infants who suffer from marasmus. What is this coexisting condition?
A) Low birth weight
B) Premature delivery
C) Parasitic infections
D) Colic
Q5) What is the difference between habituation and dishabituation?
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glynnis is 14 months old. She is trying out new things, playing with her toys, and manipulating objects in new ways - experimenting with her environment. Glynnis is in which substage of Piaget's first cognitive stage?
A) Primary reflexes
B) Primary circular reactions
C) Tertiary circular reactions
D) Mental representation
Q2) Compare and contrast the interactionist view and the nativist view on infant language development.
Q3) Dominic is eight months old. He sees a toy that he wants to play with, but it is out of reach. He uses the toy in his hand to drag the out-of-reach toy closer. What is Dominic demonstrating?
A) Reflexive behavior
B) Coordination of secondary schemes
C) Mental representation
D) Means-end behavior
Q4) What other activity will typically accompany babbling when a child wants something?
Q5) Summarize the value of baby talk.
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Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an infant demonstrates an understanding of the emotions of others and how those emotions affect behavior, and also understands his or her own emotions and their expression, they are demonstrating their
A) conscious self.
B) social self.
C) personal self.
D) emotional self.
Q2) Summarize the six characteristics of a high quality day-care center.
Q3) Which of the following is probably to blame when explaining discrepancies in research findings related to day care and its influence on cognitive development?
A) Studies involving day care fail to account for the size of the facility and number of children enrolled.
B) Studies that relate to impoverished children are more accurate if the studies are small.
C) Too many studies focus on the problems of middle class children but not impoverished children.
D) There is a discrepancy in the level of stimulation a child would receive at home versus day care.
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a suggestion made by pediatricians to help children develop effective bedtime practices?
A) Allow the child to sleep with the parents on occasion.
B) Eliminate transitional objects that have been reserved for bedtime.
C) All children under age 13 should be in bed by 6 pm
D) Provide the child with a structured, predictable daytime schedule.
Q2) Dr. Sarrett is giving five-year-old Teesa a pre-kindergarten physical examination.
When Dr. Sarrett asks Teesa to jump up and down and hop on one leg, what is the Doctor testing?
A) Fine motor skills
B) Gross motor skills
C) Habituation response
D) Intersensory integration
Q3) According to Case, working memory is also known as which of the following?
A) Metamemory
B) Short-term storage space
C) Mid-range memory
D) operational memory
Q4) Identify and describe Vygotsky's stages of cognitive development from birth to age 7.
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Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
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118 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the four aspects of family functioning according to Diana Baumrind?
Q2) Justin borrowed a crayon from Jason. Both boys are coloring in separate coloring books. In what type of play are the boys engaging?
A) Psychosocial
B) Associative
C) Parallel
D) Solitary
Q3) In early childhood, what characterizes the development of the emotional self?
A) Becoming experienced at recognizing other people's emotions
B) Learning to differentiate and understand one's own emotions
C) Learning to control one's emotions
D) Acquiring complex emotions, such as shame or embarrassment
Q4) When 4-year-old Mariella thinks of activities, behaviors, or personal characteristics as being "for mommy" or "for daddy," she is using which of the following?
A) Gender stereotypes
B) Gender concepts
C) Gender schemas
D) Sex-typing
Q5) List all four stages of Hoffman's theory of empathy development.
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of culture-fair tests?
A) They are written in the test-taker's native language.
B) They maximize the measurement of social knowledge.
C) They minimize the impact of verbal knowledge.
D) They do not test contextual knowledge.
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of a child's use of deductive logic?
A) Sam's mother showed him an apple cut into two pieces and an apple cut into four pieces and asked him which one was more apple. Sam was able to reply correctly, "They are the same."
B) For her assignment in language arts class, Lateefah wrote a paper about what her life would be like if she were a boy.
C) Yousef has learned that if he is kind and cooperative with his peers, they will be nice to him.
D) Muhammed has learned that he is better at language arts than math, so he has to spend more time and work harder on his math lessons.
Q3) Briefly define the differences between individualistic and collectivist cultures.
Q4) List four disabilities for which children in the U.S. would receive special education services.
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assume that you are the parent of a middle-aged child. Based on the reading and research presented in the text, what kinds of rules, if any, would you set around TV watching and internet usage for your child?
Q2) In Bandura's social-cognitive theory, each component is influenced by the other two. The term for this is ________.
Q3) Why might children with siblings be more likely to suffer academically than only children?
Q4) What is the main difference in self-esteem between girls and boys?
Q5) Children who are older than eight years of age, compared to children who are younger, know that ________ are important when making moral judgments about the behavior of others.
A) the amount of damages caused
B) the reactions of parents
C) consequences
D) intentions
Q6) During middle childhood, a new component of the self is added to the categorical, social, and emotional selves. This new component includes things like personality traits and is called the ________.
Page 12
Q7) According to Erikson, how does a child achieve a sense of industry?
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During puberty the pituitary gland signals the adrenal glands to increase production of androgens. What is the term for this process?
A) Pituitarism
B) Adrenarche
C) Puberty
D) Estradiol
Q2) Which of the following statements about menarche is correct?
A) Among girls in industrialized countries, menarche occurs, on average, between the ages of 8 and 10.
B) Menarche typically occurs two years after the beginning of indicators such as changes in the breast and pubic hair.
C) Only 50% of girls experience menarche between the ages of 11 and 15.
D) In industrialized countries, the average age of menarche has remained fairly stable for more than 100 years.
Q3) How does parenting interact with the timing of puberty to influence sexual behavior?
Q4) Summarize the techniques used by the high school teacher in the video to increase students' awareness of social responsibility and also retention of academic material.
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Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why does Erikson say that a child's early sense of identity comes partly "unglued" during adolescence?
Q2) Which of the following best defines the term antisocial in psychological theories?
A) Having a moral stance which disregards the norms of society
B) Choosing to live away from other people
C) Going against the rules of one's parents
D) Deciding for oneself what is right and wrong
Q3) According to your text, which of the following is NOT one of the contributors to interpersonal loyalty, intimacy, and faithfulness within friendships during adolescence?
A) Hormonal changes
B) Temperament
C) Relationships with parents
D) Differences in personality
Q4) In the end, all of Emily's friends ________ that she is gay and seem to be okay with it.
Q5) How do peer groups change their structure across the years of adolescence? How do cliques and crowds differ?
Page 14
Q6) ________ is defined as antisocial behavior which includes law-breaking.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding immune function: immature T cells are made in the ________ and they mature in the ________.
Q2) Larry thinks he is the center of the universe. He hates waiting in lines, insisting that his time is way too important for such trivial matters. While he easily exploits other people for his own personal gain, he also wants everyone to think he is as great as HE thinks he is. Recently, when his wife's aged mother died, he was secretly a little annoyed at the timing, as it interfered with his vacation. Which of the personality disorders mentioned in your text does Larry BEST fit?
A) Narcissistic
B) Histrionic
C) Antisocial
D) Paranoid
Q3) Melissa has been diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease. What is it and how did she likely contract it?
Q4) Which mental disorders are the most common in young adulthood?
Q5) When an intimate couple gets into a physical altercation, what are the gender differences in the use of violence?
Page 15
Q6) Summarize the latest research findings on gender differences in the brain.
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following ethnic groups is most likely to place a proportionately higher emphasis on the importance of children as a contributor to a successful marriage?
A) Hispanic
B) Black
C) White
D) Asian
Q2) What happens during the la cuarenta period in Hispanic cultures?
A) The mother of a newborn child is expected to live with her parents for 40 days following the birth of the child.
B) The father of the newborn is expected to celebrate and party for 40 days following the birth of the child.
C) The parents of the newborn rely on the extended family to care for the child during the 40 days following the birth of the child.
D) The father of a newborn is expected to take on typically feminine tasks such as housework for 40 days following the birth of the child.
Q3) A person's ________ is defined as a behavior that they do on their own and which carries over into their career.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bernice is 45. At least once a week, she wakes up in the middle of the night wringing wet with sweat. She is having ________, a form of ________.
A) night sweats; hot flashes
B) climacteric; menopause
C) hot flashes; climacteric
D) night sweats; anovulation
Q2) Summarize the pros and cons of hormone therapy during and after menopause. Include in your answer the effectiveness of HT and how the risks of HT can be reduced.
Q3) Which of the following statements is accurate?
A) African Americans have the highest rates of prostate, colon, and lung cancer.
B) Native Americans have lower rates of kidney cancer than other groups.
C) Asian Americans have the lowest rates of liver cancer.
D) White Americans have the highest rates of breast cancer.
Q4) Which of the following factors is linked most directly to osteoporosis in women?
A) Diet in young adulthood
B) Estrogen and progesterone levels
C) Age at menopause
D) Occupational history
Q5) What are the diseases most commonly associated with alcohol abuse?
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Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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117 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Georgina is a middle-aged woman who volunteers as a tour guide at the local art museum and at the Museum of Asian Culture. She does this because she believes that the arts are an important part of culture and must be preserved and passed on to future generations. What term would Vaillant apply to Georgina?
A) Keeper of the meaning
B) Career committed
C) Generatively enabled
D) Caregiver of future generations
Q2) Which of the following approaches is unlikely to characterize the non-work pursuits of Baby Boomers in retirement?
A) Spending most of their time sitting around with minimal activity
B) Finding new ways to make money in their spare time
C) Doing volunteer work and contributing to charities
D) Spend time traveling and taking classes
Q3) Briefly explain how a person develops a sense of generativity.
Q4) What are the three types of relationships that grandparents may have with their grandchildren, according to the research from Cherlin & Furstenberg?
Q5) What does research say about developmental data during later years?
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are Baltes's five criteria for measuring wisdom?
Q2) Give an example of a failure of source memory.
Q3) ________ restriction is one of the most beneficial contributors to healthy eating habits.
Q4) Alzheimer's disease affects as many as ________ adults.
Q5) Which of the following seems to be even more important in older age as a contributor to longevity and good health?
A) Relationship status
B) Exercise
C) Recreational activities
D) Social networks
Q6) Macular degeneration is most likely to occur in __________.
A) childhood
B) adolescence
C) early adulthood
D) late adulthood
Q7) What are the three subgroups of older adults?
Q9) Studies suggest that more than ________ of older adults remain sexually active. Page 19
Q8) In the United States today, the average 85 year old man will live to age ________.
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Page 20
Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to disengagement theory, ________ is the tendency of people to interact with fewer and fewer people and fill fewer and fewer roles.
Q2) About 65% of the elderly in the United States live ________ of at least one of their children.
A) within 50 miles
B) within about an hour
C) within walking distance
D) within 15 minutes
Q3) Which of the following is one of the components of successful aging outlined in your text?
A) Rehabilitation
B) Stasis
C) Coping with disappointment
D) Mental activity
Q4) Which of the following is an aspect of disengagement theory?
A) shrinkage of life space.
B) increased responsibility.
C) decreased individuality.
D) passive extrication from roles.
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Chapter 19: Death Dying and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which form of death has occurred in circumstances where rescue is still possible even though there is no evidence of brain function, the heart has stopped, and breathing has stopped?
A) Brain death
B) Clinical death
C) Cardiovascular death
D) Biological death
Q2) A dying person who says "Why me? This isn't fair!" is in which stage of psychological preparation for death, according to Elizabeth Kübler-Ross?
A) Anger
B) Denial
C) Depression
D) Rejection
Q3) According to research, who would be least afraid to die?
A) 17-year-old Susan
B) 45-year-old Mr. James
C) 60-year-old Mrs. Washington
D) 75-year-old Mr. Jackson
Q4) For most adults, ________ is the most significant meaning of death.
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