Educational Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Educational Psychology explores the scientific study of how people learn and develop within educational settings. This course examines cognitive, emotional, and social processes that underlie student learning and motivation, addresses individual differences, developmental stages, and the impact of culture and environment on education. Students will analyze major theories of learning, classroom management strategies, assessment methods, and the role of psychological principles in effective teaching. The course equips future educators with the tools to create inclusive, supportive, and effective learning environments tailored to diverse student needs.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Human Development 7th Edition by Carol
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17 Chapters
3465 Verified Questions
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Page 2
K. Sigelman
Chapter 1: Understanding Life-Span Human Development
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Informed consent is typically obtained following a study.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A key limitation of the experimental method is that it
A)cannot be used to identify cause-and-effect.
B)is very expensive.
C)cannot be used to assess many interesting questions due to ethical reasons.
D)does an excellent job of explaining real-world experience, but does not do a good job of explaining what happens in the laboratory.
Answer: C
Q3) The fundamental question addressed by the correlational method is
A)"Does variable A cause variable B?"
B)"How is a control group influenced by the absence of an independent variable?"
C)"What impact does random assignment have on psychological behavior?"
D)"Are two or more variables related in some systematic way?"
Answer: D
Q4) Family indicators like education, income, and occupational prestige levels underlie _____ status.
Answer: socioeconomic
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acquiring a behavior by watching a model perform the act is called _____ learning.
Answer: observational
Q2) Five-year-old Theodore is currently internalizing the moral standards of his father Ward and mother June. According to a psychoanalytic theorist, Theodore appears to be developing his A)superego.
B)id. C)libido. D)ego.
Answer: A
Q3) The universality-context specificity issue concerns whether we all follow similar or unique paths of development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The debate between stage theorists and those who view development as being without sudden change is called the _____ issue.
Answer: continuity-discontinuity
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Chapter 3: Genes, Environment, and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of genes and environment on temperament and personality?
A)Genes contribute little to no individual differences in temperament.
B)Genes account for nearly all of the individual differences in temperament.
C)Nonshared environmental influences contribute nothing to individual differences in temperament.
D)The shared environment of the home does not appear to make siblings more similar in temperament or personality.
Answer: D
Q2) The odds of having a child with Down syndrome increase with maternal
A)consumption of alcohol.
B)exposure to mercury.
C)age.
D)weight.
Answer: C
Q3) _____ syndrome is also known as trisomy 21.
Answer: Down
Q4) _____ syndrome is the most common hereditary cause of mental retardation. Answer: Fragile X
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Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rubella is also know as A)German measles. B)mumps. C)typhoid.
D)otitis media.
Q2) Research has shown that most birthing women experience pain and anxiety and _____ view the experience as positive. A)few
B)some
C)most
D)all
Q3) If a birth defect is said to be due to a perinatal effect, that means that the defect A)led to a miscarriage. B)was physical not cognitive.
C)occurred during the birth process. D)affected the mother not the fetus.
Q4) What advice regarding prenatal care would you give to a woman who has just found out that she is pregnant?
Q5) The embryo receives oxygen and nutrients through the placenta and the _____.
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Chapter 5: Health and Physical Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proximodistal involves development proceeding from the A)head toward tail.
B)body to limbs.
C)brain to behavior.
D)legs to arms.
Q2) Differences between throwing and kicking abilities of male and female children are best explained as being the result of A)size differences.
B)hormonal factors.
C)differential levels of practice.
D)genetics.
Q3) Some men experience symptoms similar to menopause in a process referred to as _____.
Q4) How is family stress, like conflict with a stepfather, most likely to impact the timing of puberty-related issues for a girl?
A)It will result in excessive menstruation.
B)It will lead to earlier sexual maturity.
C)It will delay puberty.
D)It will have no effect on any puberty-related behaviors.
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Chapter 6: Sensation, Perception, and Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) One-month-old infants were given either a smooth pacifier or one with hard nubs on which to suck. Although they had not seen the pacifier while sucking on it, when given the opportunity to look, the infants stared longer at the type of pacifier that they had sucked on. This shows that they have
A)cross-modal perception.
B)dark adaptation.
C)inter-sensory sensation.
D)repression.
Q2) When describing her research, Dr. Rebhuhn says, "Basically, I take young infants and place them on a supported piece of clear glass several feet off the ground. Then I measure whether the kid seems scared or not." Dr. Rebhuhn's research sounds like it involves the use of a
A)habituation task.
B)strange situation paradigm.
C)longitudinal design.
D)visual cliff.
Q3) The ringing that follows exposure to loud noise is called _____.
Q4) The controversial surgery involving the implantation of electrodes designed to stimulate the auditory nerve is called a _____ implant.
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Chapter 7: Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) A true sense of curiosity and novelty first emerge during the _____ stage of development.
A)secondary circular reactions
B)coordination of secondary schemes
C)tertiary circular reactions
D)beginning of thought
Q2) Assimilation is best defined as the process in which
A)a conditioned stimulus becomes an unconditioned stimulus.
B)multiple schemas are combined into a single scheme.
C)we interpret new experiences in terms of existing schemas or cognitive structures.
D)the unconscious mind impacts the conscious mind.
Q3) Concerning mental actions, concrete operations are to formal operations as A)objects are to ideas.
B)knowing is to doing.
C)imagined is to real.
D)centration is to decentration.
Q4) Extremely self-conscious behavior (e.g., not going to school because you believe that everyone in your class will notice the stain on your shirt) in the teen years is referred to as _____ audience.
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Chapter 8: Memory and Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which best describes the memory strategy of organization?
A)Take original information, expand on it, and make connections to existing memories.
B)Repeat to self over and over.
C)Classify into meaningful categories, then memorize.
D)See it and be it.
Q2) Rajan has practiced until he is able to remember the population of every country in the world. This ability will most likely
A)greatly increase Rajan's ability to learn and remember foreign words.
B)have little impact on cognitive abilities unrelated with knowledge for populations.
C)disrupt his autobiographical memories.
D)enhance the size of his sensory register.
Q3) _____ teens are most likely to utilize metacognitive strategies.
A)Low SES male
B)Low SES female
C)High SES male
D)High SES female
Q4) What factors contribute to declines in cognitive abilities in old age?
Q5) An _____ memory occurs unintentionally and without awareness.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Creativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to experience, Sternberg believes that
A)the level of intelligence of a response can be accurately assessed only after extensive experience with the tasks.
B)experience with a task has no impact on ability to intelligently respond to the task.
C)there is no way to assess familiarity with a task.
D)the creative component of intelligence is best measured by a person's responses on novel tasks.
Q2) What saying is most applicable to describing intellectual functioning in later life?
A)Only the good die young.
B)You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
C)Use it or lose it.
D)Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
Q3) Gardner's theory of intelligence
A)links distinct types of intelligence to specific areas of the brain.
B)suggests that all types of intelligence have the same developmental course.
C)argues that the concept of "g" can be used to explain savant behavior.
D)is heavily reliant on the use of traditional IQ tests to assess intelligence.
Q4) Describe Howard Gardner's conceptualization of intelligence.
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Chapter 10: Language and Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) Changes in language use during preschool and early elementary school years typically include
A)decreased use of decontextualized language.
B)decreased vocabulary size.
C)increased babbling.
D)increased use of transformational grammar rules.
Q2) Emergent literacy is best described as involving
A)the acquisition of a second language in later life.
B)all non-verbal language skills acquired by deaf children.
C)critical developmental precursors of actual reading skills.
D)any language skill acquired after a child has learned to read.
Q3) When a child uses a word too broadly, he or she is committing an error of _____.
Q4) The most effective way to improve school effectiveness is to A)have year-round school.
B)add money to the budget but do not directly target academic instruction issues.
C)modestly reduce the student-faculty ratio.
D)encourage parents to purchase books and intellectually stimulating toys for their children.
Q5) The educational practice of mainstreaming is now referred to as _____.
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Chapter 11: Self and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fonzie's statement, "I am a fairly competent motorcycle rider," provides a good example of his
A)self-concept.
B)self-esteem.
C)self-recognition.
D)ideal self.
Q2) With regard to personality development during adulthood, which is true?
A)There is generally more change in personality between adolescence and middle age than there is between middle age and old age.
B)There are virtually no changes in personality beyond adolescence.
C)The historical context in which people grow up appears to have little influence on personality development.
D)Most people undergo highly significant personality changes as they progress from middle age to old age.
Q3) How are the concepts of behavioral inhibition, easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up, related to temperament?
Q4) Describe Erikson's eight psychosocial stages.
Q5) _____ identity status is characterized by both commitment made and crisis experienced.
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Chapter 12: Gender Roles and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The impact of sexual abuse appears to be most severe when the abuse was a
A)one-time event involving a stranger.
B)one-time event involving a close relative.
C)frequent, long-term event involving a stranger.
D)frequent, long-term event involving a close relative.
Q2) Four-year-old Austin believes that only girls can be nurses. At his next check-up, he happens to be seen by a male nurse. According to gender-schema theory, if a week later you were to ask Austin if boys can be nurses, his answer would most likely be
A)"No."
B)"Yes, boys can be nurses."
C)"Yes, but only for little kids."
D)"Yes, but only if their wife is a doctor."
Q3) Being raised by a gay parent significantly increases the likelihood of a child becoming gay.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast cognitive-developmental theory and gender schema theory in their attempt to describe the acquisition of gender roles.
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Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following had NOT been used to explain the fact that social cognitive skills tend to hold up better than non-social cognitive skills in later life?
A)The fact that the brain cortex responsible for social cognition skills ages slower than brain areas supporting non-social cognitive skills
B)The fact that social skills are practiced (exercised) everyday
C)The fact that older adults tend to have more strongly held beliefs about people when making social-cognitive decisions
D)The fact that older adults reject the use of "rules of thumb" in social cognitive decision-making
Q2) Which provides the best example of a social perspective-taking skill?
A)Understanding that the person across the table has beliefs in direct opposition to yours.
B)Believing that your position on an issue is the most accurate.
C)Realizing that an object hidden in one place may have been moved to another place.
D)Deciding that the most moral decisions are ones in which you personally benefit.
Q3) Spanking is an excellent example of the power _____ form of discipline.
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Chapter 14: Attachment and Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) German parents tend to encourage _____ in their children while Japanese parents encourage _____.
A)dependence; independence
B)independence; dependence
C)violence; passivity
D)passivity; violence
Q2) Thomas is on the floor and highly engaged with the toy train engine that he is pushing around the track by himself. Thomas is most accurately said to be engaged in _____ play.
A)unoccupied
B)solitary
C)onlooker
D)associative
Q3) Displaying _____ would indicate the most advanced social-cognitive abilities.
A)goal-corrected partnership
B)undiscriminating social responsiveness
C)active proximity-seeking/true attachment
D)discriminating social responsiveness
Q4) During _____ play, children play next to each other and do the same thing, yet do not interact with each other.
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Chapter 15: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Couples who engage in cohabitation before marriage tend to A)experience greater satisfaction in the marriage relationship than those who do not live together before marriage.
B)have less eventual marital problems if their partner has had multiple cohabitation experiences.
C)be more likely to divorce that first-time married couples once they are married.
D)be more religious and more committed to marriage than those who do not live together before marriage.
Q2) A "reconstituted" family must contain A)a widow.
B)a step-parent.
C)at least three generations residing in the same household.
D)a step-brother or step-sister.
Q3) Achieving autonomy during adolescence involves establishing an identity that matches one's parents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the basics of family systems theory.
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Chapter 16: Developmental Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Depressed preschool-aged children
A)display the same behavioral and cognitive symptoms as do depressed adults.
B)are most often extremely aggressive.
C)usually mask their depression such that it is nearly impossible to detect that they are feeling sad.
D)are less likely than adults to display cognitive symptoms of depression such as hopelessness.
Q2) By definition, all individuals who are classified with comorbidity
A)are extremely close to death.
B)possess two psychological conditions at the same time.
C)have been negatively impacted by both genetic and environmental factors.
D)cannot control their impulses.
Q3) According to statistics, who is most likely to commit suicide?
A)George, an 18-year-old black male
B)Washington, an 80-year-old white male
C)Andrew, a 45-year-old white male
D)Jackson, a 25-year-old black male
Q4) Expectations on how one is to act in a particular cultural context are called _____ norms.
Q5) How does the diathesis-stress model account for psychopathology?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Final Challenge: Death and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ grief is not fully recognized by others and is generally harder to cope with than other forms of grief.
A)Anticipatory
B)Disenfranchised
C)Chronic
D)Finality
Q2) Research suggests that for an adult, the loss of a parent is
A)more difficult to deal with for women than for men.
B)upsetting, but in some ways expected and therefore tends to be easier to deal with than the death of a child or of a spouse.
C)typically the most difficult type of loss with which to cope.
D)characterized by anger but not guilt.
Q3) Despite the fact that her son died 10 years ago, Helena has such an intense yearning to have him back alive that she is unable to keep a job. This description indicates that Helena is best classified as experiencing _____ grief.
A)complicated
B)disenfranchised
C)palliative
D)anticipatory
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