Educational Foundations Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Educational Foundations provides an overview of the historical, philosophical, social, and cultural roots of education. The course explores key theories, influential thinkers, and pivotal moments that have shaped educational systems and practices worldwide. Students examine the roles of equity, diversity, and policy in shaping educational experiences and outcomes, while considering contemporary issues and debates. Through critical analysis and reflection, the course encourages students to understand and question the foundational principles that guide education in various contexts.
Recommended Textbook
The Development of Children and Adolescents 1st Edition by Penny Hauser Cram
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16 Chapters
1577 Verified Questions
1577 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Hauser-Cram
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Barbara Rogoff's study of children's daily routines in community life in a Mayan community in Guatemala is an example of what kind of study?
A) ethnographic study
B) case study
C) learning study
D) observational study
Answer: A
Q2) Barbara Rogoff found that human learning and development are _______ processes.
A) natural
B) cultural
C) individual
D) familial
Answer: B
Q3) According to Piaget's psychosocial stages of development,can children regress in development?
A) Yes
B) No
C) It depends on a number of factors.
D) Not enough information is given.
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Biological Foundations of Child Development
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eye color is an example of
A) a genotype.
B) a phenotype.
C) a karyotype.
D) gametes.
Answer: B
Q2) Anna has Turner's syndrome.She has an)_____________chromosome.
A) extra X
B) missing X
C) missing Y
D) extra Y
Answer: B
Q3) How many elements make up 99% of our bodies?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 22
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fine downy hair that covers the baby to help with temperature regulation is called A) lanugo.
B) vernix.
C) caseosa.
D) organogenesis.
Answer: A
Q2) Joe was born with tremors,irritability,and problems with sleeping,and was
A) smoked cigarettes.
B) used crack cocaine.
C) drank alcohol.
D) used heroin.
Answer: B
Q3) ____________ accounts for almost 25% of female infertility.
A) High insulin levels
B) Polycystic ovary syndrome
C) Blocked Fallopian tubes
D) Hormonal and ovulation disorders
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify four complications that premature infants may experience.
Q2) Alex and Sarah want to ensure a plan is in place before Sarah gives birth,in order to inform health care professionals of their wishes and to ensure a safe delivery for Sarah.How can they make sure that the health care professionals get this information in the most efficient manner possible?
A) Provide them with a written birth plan.
B) Meet one on one with each doctor and nurse prior to the delivery.
C) Arrive an hour early to the delivery.
D) Tell the doctor during the delivery what Sarah wants.
Q3) Identify two different methods to prepare for a birth,as well as the benefits of each approach.
Q4) ________ is recognized as the most sensitive measure of premature infant behavior available.
A) Assessment of Premature Infant Behavior
B) Newborn Individualized developmental Care and Assessment Program
C) Assessment of Infant Behavior
D) Newborn Behavioral Observations
Q5) Identify the risks involved in assisted vaginal delivery.
Q6) What are three common causes of premature birth? )
Q7) Discuss John Kennell and Marshall Klaus's concept of "rooming in."
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Chapter 5: Physical Development and Health in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ is a broad term for a group of more than 30 diseases that cause muscle to degenerate and weaken.
A) Cerebral palsy
B) Scoliosis
C) Muscular dystrophy
D) Down syndrome
Q2) Mary couldn't believe that her child had grown a half inch overnight.Worried,she took him to the pediatrician who told her
A) he has too much growth hormone.
B) he is eating too much.
C) it is genetic.
D) he is normal.
Q3) ____________ is the most common cause of long-term motor function impairment,with a frequency of about 1 in 500 births.
A) Muscular dystrophy
B) Cerebral palsy
C) Down syndrome
D) Scoliosis
Q4) Discuss the different forms and cultural issues surrounding co-sleeping.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that learning emerges through continuous interactions between the person and the concept is part of which theory?
A) Dynamic
B) Core Knowledge
C) Cognitive
D) Vygotskian
Q2) If a child isn't speaking by age 3,the child will never learn to talk.This is why it is called a critical period.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How many substages are there in the sensorimotor period?
A) two
B) four
C) five
D) six
Q4) The Bayley Scale of Infant Development is useful in identifying an infant's current development.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Psychosocial Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and discuss six "red flags" that may signal autism in a child.
Q2) Temperament is inborn and tends to be stable throughout the life span.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Even infants can demonstrate empathy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ___________ refers to the two-way emotional access parents and children have to each other.
A) Emotional availability
B) Emotional regulation
C) Emotional access
D) Emotional bidirectionality
Q5) Laurie hears her first loud thunderstorm.She looks anxiously to her Mom who calmly tells her not to worry,God is just rearranging the furniture.Laurie goes back to playing.What just happened?
A) mimicry
B) facial decoding
C) social competence
D) social referencing
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Physical Development and Health in Early Childhood
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The disparities in the prevalence of asthma can be attributed to A) social and economic factors.
B) prenatal care.
C) use of vitamins.
D) lung development.
Q2) Growth charts and norms
A) estimate skeletal age.
B) are similar around the world.
C) for the United States are not appropriate for every country.
D) vary from child to child.
Q3) Children are usually ready to begin toilet training between ______ and _______months.
A) 6 and 12
B) 12 and 17
C) 18 and 24
D) 25 and 30
Q4) All special needs are apparent right after birth.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Only being able to focus on one aspect of an object at a time is known as A) centration.
B) egocentrism.
C) operations.
D) conservation.
Q2) The sensory register
A) interprets information from the senses.
B) holds information in memory briefly.
C) is a localized part of the brain.
D) reconstructs memories.
Q3) Information processing theory neglects to consider A) creativity.
B) motivation.
C) A and B
D) none of these.
Q4) Vygotsky said that a child's cognitive development is driven by A) biology.
B) experience.
C) Baby Einstein programs.
D) social dialogues with others.
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Chapter 10: Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three-year-old Barb says: "I have three chickens.I have blonde hair.I made a tower."
Barb is developing
A) self-concept.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-regulation.
D) gender typing.
Q2) Mom takes David shopping to the toy store.David refuses to walk down the "pink,Barbie" aisle.David has
A) a phobia.
B) a behavior problem.
C) a gender stereotype.
D) gender issues.
Q3) Self-representations are
A) how children describe themselves to others.
B) judgments made about personal worth.
C) how a person views the self in terms of traits, values, and personality.
D) not present until puberty.
Q4) Empathy can be seen in the brain with neuroimaging.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In middle childhood,cognitive processing,memory,and retrieval ________.
A) plateau
B) improve
C) decrease briefly
D) decrease until adolescence
Q2) What percentage of schools have a full-time school nurse?
A) 20
B) 30
C) 50
D) 75
Q3) _______ are less likely to eat vegetables than ________.
A) Boys; girls
B) Girls; boys
C) Hispanics; Caucasians
D) Caucasians; Latinos
Q4) If a toddler does not have rich neurological experiences,then it is harder for the brain's development in middle childhood.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the purpose of well-child visits.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children enter Piaget's stage of concrete operations at age ______ years.
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
Q2) What does Lynn Meltzer believe teachers can do to aid children in using memory strategies in the classroom?
Q3) In the context of the text,what is conservation?
A) the protection and preservation of a natural resource
B) the realization that the essence of something remains the same even though surface characteristics may change
C) the restoration of historical works of art for the enjoyment of generations to come
D) All of these Comprehension,
Q4) Upon reaching middle childhood,children learn close to ___ new words a day.
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40 Knowledge,
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Chapter 13: Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assertive behavior and aggressive behavior are synonyms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ability to recognize the perspectives of others is influenced by the ___________mode.
A) affective
B) cognitive
C) detection
D) cognitive-regulatory
Q3) Discuss the five areas Susan Harter identified as vital to a child's self-esteem during middle childhood.
Q4) The two psychological divisions of the self are called the ________.
A) You-self and me-self
B) I-self and me-self
C) I-self and you-self
D) Thee-self and Thou-self
Q5) Explain the differences in reasoning required in first- and second-order false beliefs.
Q6) Explain how the Social Information Processing Model could help children who are having
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Physical Development and Health in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is a set of physical changes that signal onset of reproductive maturation..
A) Adolescence
B) Puberty
C) Menarche
D) Menstruation
Q2) Frankie is a teen driver,and he is ________times more likely than his dad to have a car accident.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
Q3) A great deal of research has been done on the impact of athletics on female's bodies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A baby girl is born with all her ova for a lifetime,but boys don't produce sperm until puberty.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) How much effort you put into studying for this test is an example of ___________.
A)academic motivation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)extrinsic motivation
D)expectancy value theory
Q2) Most of an adolescent's life requires ___________ decision making.
A)deliberative
B)reactive
C)thoughtful
D)responsive
Q3) Teens tend to make the riskiest decisions when ___________.
A)with parents
B)alone
C)with peers
D)All the time
Q4) According to Piaget,children in the concrete operation stage are able to correctly answer a question such as: "Are there more roses or flowers?"
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ashleigh was discovered out past curfew.As a first-time offender with a minor offense,she was ordered to
A) appear before a judge.
B) attend an after-school program.
C) appear before a peer court.
D) apologize to her parents.
Q2) Moral reasoning is affected by A) age.
B) educational level.
C) gender.
D) All of the above
Q3) Why do adolescents join gangs?
Traditionally,adolescents join a gang because it affords them protection,a family,and a sense of worthiness,acceptance,and respect.It affords them a sense of stability as demonstrated by the increase of gang membership in unstable neighborhoods).Gangsgive the adolescent a support system,trust,and a sense of identity.
Q4) The terms racial identity and ethnic identity are interchangeable.
A)True
B)False
18
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