Educational and Vocational Guidance Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the principles, processes, and practices of educational and vocational guidance, focusing on helping individuals make informed decisions about their academic paths and career choices. It examines the theoretical foundations of guidance, techniques for effective counseling, assessment tools, and the role of career development theories. The course also addresses the significance of self-understanding, labor market trends, and the development of action plans tailored to diverse populations, while emphasizing ethical and multicultural considerations in counseling practice.
Recommended Textbook
Career Counseling A Holistic Approach 9th Edition by
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Page 2
Vernon G. Zunker
Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues
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Q1) Describe what you might explore if you were trying to clarify a client's lifestyle orientation.
Answer: Major Points
The person's commitment to work, leisure, volunteer activities, home and family
Individual aspirations for social status
Work climate preferences
Education and training goals
Desires/needs with respect to mobility and financial security
Q2) Define globalization and how has it affected the economy.
Answer: Major Points
Globalization is an increased economic, political and social interconnectedness and interdependence among societies of the world.Markets have opened around the globe resulting in more trade and nations have increasingly become more interdependent.The interconnectedness of globalization suggests that when there are disruptive economic events in one nation, other nations will be affected as well.Federally, the recession in 2009 has not only resulted in the loss of millions of jobs and subsequent financial problems for the United States but also in other nations, meaning the shift away from production of goods in other countries have created significant job loss for many Americans.
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Chapter 2: Theories of Career Development
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Q1) One major hurdle for the individual in the choice model concerns:
A)future goals.
B)contextual or environmental influences.
C)performance influences.
D)career-related interests.
Answer: B
Q2) Who developed cognitive information processing (CIP) theory?
A)Peterson and Sampson
B)Mitchell, Krumboltz and Sampson
C)Peterson, Sampson and Reardon
D)Krumboltz, Peterson and Reardon
Answer: C
Q3) The theory of constructivism suggests that:
A)Constructs have nothing to do with individual perceptions
B)Constructs are simply the way one processes information and their resulting perceptions
C)Constructs are primarily the result of family interactions during adolescence
D)Constructs are personality dimensions gone haywire
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Career Counseling Models
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Q1) The career counseling model extrapolated from Dawis (1996), Swanson (1996) and Rounds & Tracey (1990) and delineated by Walsh (1990) is presented in seven stages, including:
A)intake interview, identity developmental variables and assessment.
B)confirm, explore, decide and follow up.
C)identify and solve problems and generate PEF analysis.
D)all of the above.
Answer: D
Q2) The approach to career problem solving and decision making considered an extension of a career development theory is called:
A)Learning Theory Model.
B)Trait-and-Factor Model.
C)Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) Model.
D)Development Model.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Integrating Career and Personal Counseling
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Q1) What is the integrated approach to psychotherapy?
Q2) The following are examples of career-related problems that can affect life roles EXCEPT:
A)work maladjustment.
B)changing work requirements.
C)career transitions.
D)untidy desks.
Q3) Behavioral counseling, cognitive restructuring, rational-emotive therapy, reality therapy and Beck's cognitive therapy are examples of what type of counseling strategy?
A)Cognitive-behavioral
B)Career
C)Affective
D)Culture
Q4) How is behavior now viewed?
A)Singlefaceted
B)Two-dimensional
C)One-dimensional
D)Multidimensional and multifaceted
Q5) Define Irv's four domains and explain the strategies unique to each domain.
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Chapter 5: Career Counseling Intake Interview
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Q1) Obsessive-compulsive disorder is indicative of ______ disorder.
A)mood
B)anxiety
C)personality
D)somatoform
Q2) Briefly discuss the rationale for a whole person approach to the intake interview.
Q3) Discuss the type of information a counselor should assess with respect to current status information in an intake interview.
Q4) What are the main reasons that a career counselor needs to be alert to symptoms of psychological disorders?
A)To identify potential barriers that can constrain one's career choice and interfere with one's career development
B)Problem identification provides a pathway to effective interventions
C)A and B
D)None of the above
Q5) What is the difference between borderline personality and histrionic personality disorder?
Q6) Explain the whole person approach.
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Chapter 6: Using Standardized Tests and Self-Assessment in Career Counseling
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Q1) Identify factors that affect the stability of tests.
Q2) What type of test is used primarily to measure specific skills and proficiencies or the ability to acquire certain proficiencies?
A)Aptitude test
B)Battery test
C)Proficiency test
D)Skills test
Q3) The test assesses personal and social adjustment.Subscale scores are provided for the two major categories.
A)NEO Personality Inventory-Revised
B)California Test of Personality
C)Minnesota Counseling Inventory
D)Sixteen Personality Factor (16 PF)
E)Temperament and Values Inventory
F)Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Q4) Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF)?
A)Holland
B)Cattell, Eber and Tatsuoka
C)Tiedeman and O'Hara
D)Super
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Chapter 7: The Impact of New Technology on Work, Career Development, and Learning Platforms
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Q1) The most common types of computer-assisted career guidance systems are _____ systems and _____ systems.
A)work, ability
B)information, occupational
C)information, guidance
D)guidance, educational
Q2) Briefly describe what "Technology: a Lifelong Learning Tool" means in the text and how this impacts you as career counselor.
Q3) Briefly describe methods of training workers in organizations
Q4) The original DISCOVER system was designed to assist which population in making career choices?
A)Colleges and adults
B)High school only
C)Anyone who wanted to use it
D)High school and college students
Q5) According to the chapter, what would be of concern when using computers? What are the concerns? Explain the solutions.Do you have any additional concerns and/or solutions that you consider to be relevant in this field?
Q6) Discuss the implications of using computers in career counseling.
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Chapter 8: On Being an Ethical Career Counselor
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Q1) Which term most appropriately describes the process when clients are involved in using the Internet to identify occupations based on interests, skills and experiences or support for job seeking?
A)Career development
B)Career counseling
C)Career interests
D)Career planning
Q2) Who suggested (2002) that in career counseling programs that use peer counselors, clients are to be informed of issues of confidentiality?
A)Brown
B)Welfel
C)Lenz
D)Zunker
Q3) What information should be shared with clients concerning the parameters of informed consent?
Q4) What is the difference between informed and free consent?
Q5) List and explain the ethical criteria that can determine counseling competence.
Q6) What are some suggestions by NCDA for using the Internet to provide career information?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups
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Q1) Who makes the following statement about culture? "Culture is a dynamic system of rules, explicit, and implicit, established by groups in order to ensure their survival, involving attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors, shared by a group but harbored differently by each specific unit within the group, communicated across generations, relatively stable but potential to change across time."
A)Ogbu
B)Matsumoto and Juang
C)Paniagua
D)Slattery
Q2) Describe effective communication skills for cultural counselors.
Q3) Define the difference between conversational distances amongst European Americans and Latino's.
Q4) Ethnic groups can be characterized as:
A)Homogenous
B)Having the same beliefs, values, interests, personalities, and worldviews
C)Cultural groups within which there are individual differences
D)Having exactly the same work values
Q5) What are characteristics of culturally competent counselors?
Q6) Discuss the differences between anxiety and depression.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Gender Issues and Dual Careers
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Q1) O'Neil (1982) summarized the roles that remain relevant today associated with masculine/feminine polarity and associated masculinity with which of the following?
A)Achievement, ambition, success at work, getting ahead, earning one's fortune for the sake of self and family
B)Power, exercising control over others, (being recognized as) a person of strong will, a leader who "gets things done"
C)Emotions, intuition, likelihood of making decisions on the basis of feelings rather than careful analysis
D)Both A and B
Q2) A husband is an electrical engineer and his wife is a physician.Thus, they fit which of the following family categories?
A)Dual career
B)Dual wage owner
C)Dual earner
D)Nontraditional
Q3) Describe how women's developmental patterns differ from men's.
Q4) Briefly discuss some of the current specific career issues women face.
Q5) What issues might be discussed with a dual career or dual earner couple?
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Chapter 11: Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Clients
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Q1) Sexual minorities that have been passed over for promotion in organizations have experienced the:
A)Lavender ceiling
B)Gay ceiling
C)Glass ceiling
D)Lesbian ceiling
Q2) Briefly discuss each of the stages in the six stage model for counseling gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals.
Q3) Define homophobia and explain the relationship between it and the workplace.Provide an example.
Q4) In the early 1990s which organization issued a published set of guidelines for avoiding heterosexual bias in language?
A)American Counseling Association
B)American Psychological Organization
C)LGBT Association
D)American Psychological Association
Q5) Identify six stages of the Homosexual Identity Formation (HIF) Model and the general characteristics associated with each stage.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Career Counseling for Individuals With Disabilities
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Q1) What is the purpose of the initial contact in the rehabilitation process?
Q2) How are goals for children with disabilities conceptualized?
A)Via a Special Program (SP) written for each child
B)Via an Individualized Education Program (IEP) written for each child by the beginning of the school year
C)Via an Individualized Special Program (ISP) written for each child during the year
D)Via a Collective Education Program (CEP) written for all children with disabilities
Q3) Briefly discuss special needs of individuals with disabilities.
Q4) What fact is discussed frequently in rehabilitation literature pertaining to a client's adjustment to physical trauma?
A)Psychological denial of a disability
B)Shock
C)Motivation to seek retraining and employment
D)Depression
Q5) Describe discriminatory employment practices prohibited by the ADA.
Q6) What is the purpose of state rehabilitation agencies and how are the criteria determined?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Job Loss and Transitions
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Q1) What commonalities exist between the components of occupational planning and educational/training information?
A)Neither focuses on lifelong learning
B)Both focus on providing information to assist the adult in making the most effective use of occupational information
C)There are no commonalities
D)Both focus on locally compiled information
Q2) Jahoda (1981) captured which of the following unintended consequences of work, highlighting the important psychological outcomes derived from work that are discontinued when one is out of work?
A)Reinforcement of personal status and identity and participation in activities associated with work that is viewed as a necessity in the give-and-take of daily life
B)A daily time structure that is devoted to working and shared experiences and interactions with cohorts and other individuals outside the nuclear family
C)The opportunity to express purpose and goals of life
D)All of the above
Q3) Describe and justify outplacement counseling programs by organizations.
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Chapter 14: Career Development and Transitions of Working Adults
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Q1) In late career, what is the major focus of an individual's life?
A)A shift from a minor role to a power role
B)Activities inside the workplace
C)Activities outside the workplace
D)None of the above
Q2) Who advocated planning for different types of leisure as part of a counseling model and also suggested that counselors act in an advocacy role to promote leisure activities in schools, workplaces, homes and communities?
A)Jackson
B)Brems
C)McDaniels andLiptak
D)Kando and Summers
Q3) Define stress and discuss some of the specific job features that pose a threat to the worker.
Q4) The primary responsibility for career development ideally belongs to the:
A)Personnel office
B)Manager
C)Worker
D)Career coaches
Q5) Define bridge employment and discuss how it deals with older workers.
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Chapter 15: Career-Related Programs for Career
Development in Elementary Schools
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Q1) Identify some considerations counselors should take when counseling children from different cultures.
Q2) Discuss the importance of resiliency in children
Q3) Which of the following are included in the recommended functions of elementary school counselors, according to the American School Counselors Association?
A)Foster the developmental process through career awareness of lifelong growth of values, interests and skills that will influence students' future work roles
B)Implement effective classroom guidance activities such as fostering peer relationships, understanding of self, communication skills, decision-making skills and study skills
C)Coordinate programs that will involve school and community resources, all school career-related activities and other programs that promote students' self-knowledge and skill development
D)All of the above
Q4) Briefly discuss the multiple roles of the elementary school counselor.
Q5) Define infusion and give some specific examples.
Q6) Discuss the importance of play in elementary age children.
Q7) Briefly discuss the stages of observational learning.
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Chapter 16: Career- Related Programs for Career Development in Middle School
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Q1) In what way is the ASCA goal for enhancing career awareness a good example for middle school students?
A)Not applicable to middle school students
B)Helps students to acquire career information
C)Helps students to begin to realize that career development is not a simplistic matter
D)Helps students become more alert to connecting academic subjects to work requirements
Q2) There are different levels and combinations of concerns among individual students.What is the rationale that supports this statement?
A)Career development follows similar paths
B)Stages of developmental tasks are involved
C)Situational experiences are interpreted differently
D)Career maturity is not responsible for development
Q3) Describe the characteristics of a comprehensive school guidance program.
Q4) Briefly discuss the importance and consequences of peer relationships in middle school.
Q5) Define career infusion and give some specific examples.
Page 18
Q6) Discuss the significance of identity development in middle school.
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Chapter 17: Career-Related Programs for Career Development in High School and Beyond
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Q1) Discuss the changes in college placement that have evolved over the past 20 years.
Q2) Community colleges offer courses for:
A)Only technology training and skill building
B)College credit in selected courses while one is in high school
C)Only basic freshmen and sophomore level courses
D)Only skilled trade courses that are in demand
Q3) During high school, adolescents have developed which new enhanced conceptual skills, as compiled by Newman and Newman (2003) from the work of Neimark (1982) and Gray (1990)?
A)Ability to think about changes that come with time and the ability to hypothesize logical sequence of events
B)Ability to manipulate mentally more than two categories of variables simultaneously
C)Ability to foresee consequences of actions; ability to detect logical consistency or inconsistency in a set of statements; and ability to think in relativistic ways about self, others and the world
D)All of the above
Q4) Briefly explain some career-related programs in high school.
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