Education Foundations
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Education Foundations explores the historical, philosophical, psychological, and sociological underpinnings of education systems. The course examines how educational theories and practices have evolved over time and how they impact contemporary classrooms. Students will gain insights into the roles and responsibilities of educators, the influence of social and cultural factors on learning, and the development of educational policies and institutions. By critically analyzing major thinkers and movements in education, students will develop a deeper understanding of the principles guiding effective teaching and learning.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development 1st canadian Edition by
John W Santrock
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the correct developmental sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages?
A)oral, anal, latency, genital, phallic
B)oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
C)phallic, oral, anal, latency, genital
D)latency, phallic, anal, oral, genital
Answer: B
Q2) The main disadvantage of a longitudinal design is
A)too much expense.
B)too much time involvement.
C)both too much time and expense.
D)None of these.
Answer: C
Q3) The setting in which development occurs and that is influenced by historical,economic,social,and cultural factors defines
A)culture.
B)ethnicity.
C)context.
D)gender.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) When twins are genetically identical,they
A)come from the same fertilized egg.
B)come from two different fertilized eggs.
C)are not the same sex.
D)None of these.
Answer: A
Q2) Dr.Pierce examines a 10-year-old who has intellectual disabilities,distinctive facial features,and an extra 21<sup>st</sup> chromosome.Given this information,Dr.Pierce's diagnosis would most likely be
A)PKU.
B)XYY syndrome.
C)Down syndrome.
D)anencephaly.
Answer: C
Q3) When twins are dissimilar genetically,they
A)come from the same fertilized egg.
B)come from two different fertilized eggs.
C)have different genetic makeup.
D)come from two different fertilized eggs and have different genetic makeup.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marijuana use during pregnancy might result in which of the following problems in the newborn?
A)memory problems
B)information processing problems
C)learning difficulties
D)All of these.
Answer: D
Q2) The Rh factor is said to be ______________ if the Rh marker is present or __________________ if the individual's red blood cells do not carry this marker.
A)negative; positive
B)incompatible; negative
C)compatible; positive
D)positive; negative
Answer: D
Q3) List the three periods of prenatal development.
Answer: germinal,embryonic,and fetal
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Chapter 4: Physical Development and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a benefit of shared sleeping?
A)promoting breastfeeding
B)responding more quickly to the baby's cries
C)evidence of greater brain development
D)detection of potentially dangerous breathing pauses in the baby
Q2) At birth,Kelley weighed 8 pounds.Her mother became concerned when she lost body weight,but her obstetrician assured her that most newborns do lose weight before they learn to adjust to neonatal feeding.About what percent of their body weight is lost before they make this adjustment?
A)2 to 3 percent
B)10 percent
C)5 to 7 percent
D)16 percent
Q3) Adolescents experience a shift in ___________ that delays the body's onset of sleep.
A)testosterone
B)melatonin
C)food intake
D)estrogen
Q4) Define Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
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Chapter 5: Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert Fantz placed infants in a "looking chamber" that had two displays on the ceiling above the infant's head.This approach is used to study a child's A)hearing.
B)vision.
C)heart rate.
D)arm movement.
Q2) Children's participation in sports can provide A)exercise.
B)opportunities to learn how to compete.
C)positive self-esteem.
D)All of these.
Q3) With regard to smell,newborns' expressions on their faces indicate that
A)they do not differentiate odours.
B)they do differentiate odours.
C)they can clearly show a preference.
D)not only can they differentiate odours, but they can clearly show a preference.
Q4) Compare and contrast the fine motor activities of an infant,a preschool child,and a grade-school child.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assimilation is to accommodation as
A)genetic is to environmental.
B)Piaget is to Freud.
C)cognitive is to social.
D)incorporating is to adjusting.
Q2) ________________________ is the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents,which is reflected in the belief that others are as interested in them as the adolescents are in themselves.
A)Adolescent egocentrism
B)Transitivity
C)Horizontal décalage
D)Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Q3) According to Piaget,we adapt in what two ways?
A)thinking and organizing
B)differentiating and classifying
C)assimilation and accommodation
D)equilibration and disequilibration
Q4) Identify and describe 3 of the 6 ways that Piaget has contributed to the field of education.
Q5) Describe the "principle of persistence" and give an example of this assumption.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your working memory is also called your _____ memory.
A)sensory
B)autobiographical
C)short-term
D)long-term
Q2) During early childhood,the relatively stimulus-driven toddler is transformed into a child capable of flexible,goal-directed problem solving.One element in this change is children's developing ability to form:
A)representations of inverted thought.
B)representations of reality.
C)sensorimotor activities.
D)both representations of inverted thought and sensorimotor activities.
Q3) Researchers lament that so few schools really teach students to think critically.Which one of the follow does not support the researcher's beliefs?
A)Schools give tests asking students to give a single correct answer.
B)Schools ask children to imitate rather than choosing their own way.
C)Schools ask children to recite.
D)Schools ask children to analyze.
Q4) Explain the basic concepts of the information-processing approach.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Howard Gardner is associated with the _________ theory.
A)two-factor
B)multiple-factor
C)multiple intelligences
D)triarchic theory
Q2) In order for intelligence tests to be effective,they should:
A)be used as the sole evaluation tool.
B)never be relied upon for results.
C)always be administered individually.
D)be used in conjunction with other information about the individual.
Q3) _____ intelligence testing aims to avoid cultural bias.
A)Culture-fair
B)Culture-bias
C)Bias resistant
D)Socioeconomic improvement
Q4) If 11-year-old William's mental age is also 11,then:
A)his IQ would be 100.
B)he would be considered bright.
C)his IQ would be 121.
D)he would be considered dull.
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) What area of the brain's left hemisphere is involved in language comprehension?
A)Broca's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)Temporal lobe
D)Parietal lobe
Q2) All the following statements about language are true except:
A)language is a form of communication.
B)language is based on a system of symbols.
C)language includes the description of past events and also plans for the future.
D)only the English language has infinite generativity.
Q3) Two-year-old Gannon says to his mother,"I go park" to convey,"I want to go to the park." This language is called _____ speech.
A)telegraphic
B)holophrastic
C)egocentric
D)infant-directed
Q4) There are several linguists or theorists associated with language development.Describe three linguists or theorists and explain their connection to language development.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the positives of at-home parenting provided by the child's father or mother.
Q2) Based on the biological influences,a child with an inhibited temperament may have what physical characteristics?
Q3) In middle and late childhood emotions begin to change.Which of the following statements is true?
A)Children begin to internalize and integrate the emotions of pride and shame and take on a sense of personal responsibility.
B)Children have the ability to suppress negative emotional reactions.
C)Children have self-initiated strategies for redirecting feelings.
D)All of these.
Q4) Erikson and Bowlby would agree that:
A)human attachment occurs within the first few days after birth.
B)a toddler's insistence on using a "security blanket" is a sign of a disturbed attachment.
C)attachments are best explained by the maternal instinct.
D)familiarity with a primary caregiver is critical during the first year of life.
Q5) Describe the term "goodness of fit."
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Self and Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lena's father tells her,"Your grandmother was a minister,your mother was a minister,and you should be a minister." Without giving thought to her options,Lena agrees to be a minister.Concerning her career,Lena is in identity
A)diffusion.
B)foreclosure.
C)achievement.
D)moratorium.
Q2) Of the following,who is most likely to be identity achieved?
A)a high-school freshman
B)a high-school senior
C)a freshman in college
D)a senior in college
Q3) What drives the changes from infancy through adolescence in terms of self-understanding? Perspective taking,which is linked to Piaget's cognitive theory,is one possibility.Explain how perspective taking and the answer you give are connected.
Q4) Identity is a self-portrait composed of several areas.Name five of these ten identified areas.
Q5) Identify the five main characteristics of self-understanding in young children.
Q6) List the five forms of self-image with which an adolescent will relate.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are many physical similarities and differences between males and females.List a few of these similarities and differences.
Q2) The expectation that a woman should be nurturing and compliant is an example of a gender A)role.
B)identity.
C)prescription.
D)constancy.
Q3) According to a UNICEF analysis of education around the world,by age 18
A)boys have received, on average, 4.4 years less education than girls have.
B)boys and girls have received, on average, a comparable education.
C)girls have been found, on average, to have higher rates of school completion than boys.
D)girls have received, on average, 4.4 years less education than boys have.
Q4) Peer demands for conformity to gender roles become especially intense during A)early childhood.
B)middle childhood.
C)late childhood.
D)adolescence.
Q5) Compare and contrast the differences between gender identity,roles,and typing.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______________________________ is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.
A)Community knowledge
B)History involvement
C)Service learning
D)Extra assignment
Q2) Conduct problems in children are best explained by a confluence of causes,or risk factors,operating over time.Which of the following is not an example of the risk factors?
A)genetic influences
B)ineffective parenting
C)living in a middle-class neighbourhood
D)living in a violent neighbourhood
Q3) At what stage of Kohlberg's moral development is morality completely internalized?
A)social system morality
B)interpersonal norms
C)universal ethical principles
D)individualism and purpose
Q4) Compare and contrast forgiveness and gratitude.
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Chapter 14: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify three things that parents can do when their children argue and fight among themselves.
Q2) Studies show that when parents report more intimacy and better communication in their marriage,children benefit by the fact that A)parents are more affectionate to their children. B)there is an improvement in parenting.
C)children are healthier.
D)All of these.
Q3) Although occasional exceptions have been found,evidence linking authoritative parenting with competence on the part of the child occurs in research across a wide range of A)ethnic groups.
B)social strata. C)cultures.
D)All of these.
Q4) Parents need to adapt parenting to developmental changes in the child.Trace some of these changes as the child passes through early childhood to junior high school.
Q5) Define reciprocal socialization and provide two examples.
Q6) Identify the pros and cons of coparenting.
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Chapter 15: Peers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have often found it is _____ to improve the social skills of adolescents who are actively disliked and rejected.
A)somewhat easy
B)very easy
C)impossible
D)difficult
Q2) The major goal of programs designed to assist rejected children involves:
A)training them to imitate the behaviour of popular children.
B)teaching them to interact with peers without dominating situations.
C)teaching them to more accurately assess whether the intentions of their peers are negative.
D)assisting them with getting their needs met by adults rather than peers.
Q3) Play that involves interaction with peers is called _____ play.
A)social
B)pretend
C)practice
D)sensorimotor
Q4) Describe the difference between an early and a late bloomer.
Q5) Compare and contrast friendships between boys and girls.
Q6) Describe the difference between a clique and a crowd.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Schools and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______________________ is the cognitive view people develop of themselves.
A)Atonement
B)Mindsets
C)Excuses
D)Plans
Q2) List five positives and five negatives of technology on our lives today.
Q3) ___________________ is based on internal factors such as self-determination,curiosity,challenge,and effort
A)Intrinsic motivation
B)Extrinsic motivation
C)Punishments and rewards method
D)Self-determination method
Q4) ______________ approach is a teacher-centred approach that emphasizes teacher direction and control,mastery of academic skills by children,high expectations for students,and maximum time spent on learning tasks.
A)Indirect instruction
B)Direct instruction
C)Teacher-first
D)Academic Mastery
Q5) Compare and contrast the pros and cons of the "No Child Left Behind" law.
Page 18
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