Ecosystem Management Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Ecosystem Management is an interdisciplinary course that explores the principles, strategies, and practices involved in sustaining and restoring natural ecosystems. Students will examine the dynamic relationships between living organisms, their physical environment, and human activities, focusing on maintaining ecosystem health, integrity, and resilience. The course covers topics such as biodiversity conservation, adaptive management, ecological monitoring, ecosystem services, and policy frameworks. Through case studies and applied projects, learners will develop critical thinking and practical skills necessary for effective decision-making in ecosystem conservation and resource management across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Ecology 4th Edition by Michael Begon
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14 Chapters
702 Verified Questions
702 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Ecology and How to Do It
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A proximate explanation explains:
A) What has happened to a species through evolutionary time
B) What is predicted to happen to a species
C) What is happening here and now to a species
D) None of the above
Answer: C
Q2) The principal sources and approaches used to gather ecological evidence include ______.
A) Observations, experiments, and mathematical models
B) Observations and experiments
C) Experiments
D) Mathematical models
Answer: A
Q3) One reason to randomly sample is because:
A) It helps to create consistent data
B) It ensures significant p-values
C) It helps to prevent bias
D) It generates the most data
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ecologys Evolutionary Backdrop
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Norfolk Island,located approximately 700 km from New Caledonia and New Zealand is an island where many endemic species have evolved.If more species in a group found on that island were better dispersers then you would expect:
A) Those groups to have a lower proportion of endemic species
B) Those groups to have a higher proportion of endemic species
C) Those groups to be all endemics on New Caledonia
D) Those groups to be all endemics on New Zealand
Answer: A
Q2) Changes in temperature in the North Sea over the past million years caused changes in sea level that:
A) Prevented the dispersal of animals and plants between land masses
B) Caused almost all animals to go extinct
C) Allowed for dispersal of both plants and animals between land masses
D) None of the above
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Physical Conditions and the Availability of Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) You want to test how water temperature affects the size of adult frogs.You have two temperature treatments,one at 5 degrees Celsius (5 C)and the other at 15 degrees Celsius (15 C).You hatch and rear tadpoles at both of these temperatures.According to your knowledge of how temperature affects the final size of an organism,your prediction should be that:
A) Tadpoles in 15 C water will develop faster and therefore have a larger final size relative to tadpoles in the 5 C treatment.
B) Tadpoles in 15 C water will develop faster and therefore have a smaller final size relative to tadpoles in the 5 C treatment.
C) Tadpoles in 5 C water will develop faster and therefore have a larger final size relative to tadpoles in the 15 C treatment.
D) None of the above
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Climate and the Worlds Biomes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because of how sunlight hits the surface of Earth:
A) Heating by sunlight is greater at the North and South Poles
B) Heating by sunlight is greater at the Equator
C) Temperatures are cooler at the Equator
D) Water redistributes heat to temperate and polar regions
Q2) In deep lakes and ponds,no light reaches the lower layer of the water column.Which of the following would you predict might take place at this bottom layer?
A) There will be an abundance of predators and prey
B) There will be many aerobic bacteria
C) Dissolved oxygen levels will be low
D) Primary productivity will be high
Q3) Which of the following statements are accurate?
A) The rate of primary production is similar in the ocean and on land
B) Total photosynthesis is similar in the ocean and on land
C) Terrestrial biomass is less than marine
D) Marine biomass is less than terrestrial
E) Total biomass is comparable on land and in the ocean
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Chapter 5: Birth, Death and Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are examples of migration?
A) Directional movement of a large number of a species from one location to another.
B) Monarchs flying to Mexico once a year then returning to distant parts of North America later in the year.
C) Individuals moving away from one another.
D) Humpback whales traveling to warmer waters to give birth to calves.
Q2) An organism that has indeterminate development and grows by the repeated production of modules is defined as which type of organism?
A) Indefinite
B) Indeterminiable
C) Modular
D) Unitary
Q3) If dN/dt = rN,then any increase in the population will be _______
A) Linear
B) Logistic
C) Exponential
D) S-shaped
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Chapter 6: Interspecific Competition
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Sample Questions
Q1) The diatom Asterinonella excludes the diatom Cyclotella in laboratory experimental cultures when phosphate concentrations are low.But,Cyclotella excludes Asterionella when silicate supplies are low.However,when there are balanced supplies of silicate and phosphorus,the two diatoms coexist.This is explained by
A) There being a fundamental niche for both species when each is provided sufficient concentrations of a resource on which they are inferior.
B) There being niche complementarity for both species when each is provided an abundance of a resource.
C) There being no fundamental or realized niche for either species.
D) There being a realized niche for both species when each is provided sufficient concentrations of a resource on which they are inferior.
Q2) Some ant species from Africa were best at competing for space,but were worst at colonizing.This is an example of ________
A) Coexistence.
B) Interspecific competition.
C) Niche differentiation.
D) A trade-off.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Predation, Grazing and Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which terms relate to a process whereby the outcome of ecological interactions between conspecifics shows the consumption rate per individual predator declines with increasing predator density?
A) Mutual interference
B) Transmission
C) Crowding
D) Predator-mediated coexistence
Q2) When predation interrupts competitive exclusion it is said to result in
A) Prey population cycles
B) Predator-mediated coexistence
C) Predator-induced competition
D) Prey-mediated predator population cycles
Q3) The following is a behavior that might be observed in a predator exhibiting optimal foraging: ________
A) Dropping high energy food from its diet
B) Dropping common food items from its diet
C) Leaving a patch of prey when encounter rates get low
D) Leaving a patch when prey densities remain constant
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Molecular and Evolutionary Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Do Tuberculatus quercicola that are farmed by Formica yesensis experience any type of tradeoff?
A) No, it is a beneficial relationship for both ants and aphids.
B) Yes, aphids pay a price because their fecundity and growth are reduced.
C) No, aphids are protected from predators by the ants and the populations never suffer.
D) Yes, aphids suffer reduced fecundity and growth, and the population also experiences losses from predators.
Q2) Which of the following pertain to qualitative plant chemicals?
A) They can be toxins
B) High specificity
C) Low specificity
D) Can be induced by attacks
Q3) A genetic analysis of the mtCO1 region in Astraptes fulgerator indicated what?
A) That it was a true species
B) That there were seven species
C) That there were at least 10 species
D) That it is not a species
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Chapter 9: From Populations to Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) In highly agricultural areas,fencerows provide habitat and refugia for wildlife.You might assume:
A) Metapopulation analysis is more appropriate now than before land modification to agriculture.
B) Some species may go extinct in some fencerows but not others.
C) Smallest fencerows may see the most frequent species extinctions
D) For it to be a metapopulation organisms must be able to go from one fencerow to other fencerows.
Q2) Species richness refers to:
A) How evenly distributed species are within a habitat.
B) How productive species are within a community.
C) The number of primary producers within a community.
D) The total number of species within a community
Q3) Metapopulation theory:
A) Had its genesis with island biogeography
B) Refers primarily to populations within patches
C) Has lost favor among most ecologists
D) None of the above
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11
Chapter 10: Patterns in Species Richness
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are fishing in a large lake.You are not after any particular species you just want to catch fish.You would choose a fishing lure that:
A) Dives to the bottom of the lake.
B) Stays at the surface of the lake.
C) Goes to intermediate lake depths.
D) Goes to a depth where the lure would still be illuminated and thus visible to fish.
Q2) The classic study demonstrating that the Pisaster sea star promoted predator-mediated coexistence was conducted by _________?
A) Robert Paine
B) Joseph Connell
C) Jared Diamond
D) David Tilman
Q3) Which of the following would be considered an island where species diversity would be limited by area?
A) A lake
B) An island in the Pacific ocean
C) A gap of forest cleared
D) Soil that has much less phosphorous and nitrogen than the soil surrounding it
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Chapter 11: The Flux of Energy and Matter Through Ecosystems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following choices refers to the rate of production of biomass by heterotrophs?
A) Biomass
B) Net primary productivity
C) Net ecosystem productivity
D) Secondary productivity
Q2) Which continent has the highest rate of nitrogen fixation?
A) North America
B) Europe
C) Australia
D) South America
Q3) In which ecosystem is phosphorous usually most limiting?
A) Boreal forest
B) Tundra
C) Atlantic forest
D) Tropical forest
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Global Biogeochemical Cycles and Their Alteration by Humans
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amphibian disease may be related to fertilizer production because?
A) Fertilizer promotes frog egg deformities
B) Fertilizer promotes increases in DNA breakdown in the frogs
C) Fertilizer enhances habitats for frog predators
D) Fertilizer enhances an intermediate host of a frog parasite
Q2) Methane produced in the late 20th and early 21st centuries is distinguishable from ancient sources of methane by using _________.
A) Molecular markers to detect SNPs from ancient microorganisms
B) An Isotope that is associated with radiation that has a half life of more than 5,000 years
C) Testing remains of decaying animals
D) None of the above
Q3) You might say that fertilizer has an indirect negative effect on amphibians because:
A) Fertilizer promotes algae which in turn promotes an intermediate host for a harmful amphibian parasite
B) Fertilizer directly disrupts amphibian development
C) Fertilizer promotes algae which is what frog tadpoles feed on
D) Fertilizer promotes algae which in turn produces more frog predators
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Chapter 13: Conservation Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which extinction threat is gaining in importance as likely cause of extinction?
A) Invasive species
B) Loss of habitat
C) Over fishing
D) Hunting
Q2) Agricultural land where synthesized nitrogen fertilizer is used impacts ecosystem services because _______________.
A) It allows for more crops produced per acre
B) There are compromises to high quality water that would otherwise be used for drinking and recreation
C) There are increases to species richness
D) There are improvements to the provisioning of water for drinking and recreation
Q3) A strategy to preserve biodiversity with several small reserves versus one large reserve would be effective if _________
A) Species are evenly distributed across the entire area
B) If species are distributed about the area in a heterogeneous manner
C) The area is dominated by species with very large home ranges
D) The region is very homogeneous
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15
Chapter 14: The Ecology of Human Population Growth, Disease,
and Food Supply
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51 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infectious diseases are affected by climate change in which ways?
A) Their local and global distributions
B) Intensity
C) Prevalence
D) Load
Q2) The root of most,if not all,global environmental problems are due to _________.
A) Global climate change
B) Population growth
C) Greenhouse gases
D) Ocean acidification
Q3) Like many environmental issues the solutions are complex.While aquaculture provides much needed additional food it also __________
A) Releases excess nutrients and antibiotics into the environment
B) Requires jobs that few are interested in taking
C) Produces excess food that goes to waste
D) Will put fisheries out of business
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