Ecology Question Bank
Course Introduction
Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between living organisms and their environments, encompassing both the biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components that shape ecosystems. This course explores fundamental ecological principles, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, population dynamics, and community structure. Students will examine how environmental factors influence the distribution and abundance of organisms, the complexity of interspecies relationships, and the impact of human activities on ecosystems. Through lectures, case studies, and hands-on investigations, learners will develop a deeper understanding of the processes that maintain biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and the challenges faced in conserving natural resources.
Recommended Textbook
Scientific American Environmental Science for a Changing World 2nd Edition by Jeneen InterlandI
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1908 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Environmental Literacy and the Goal of
Sustainability
- on the Road to Collapse: What Lessons Can We Learn From a Vanished Viking Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) Modern fishing techniques use giant nets to harvest large numbers of fish in the short term. This may result in severely reduced populations of fish in the future. Which term best describes the above scenario?
A) time delay
B) tragedy of the commons
C) sliding reinforcer
D) extinction
E) These are all terms to describe what happens in the scenario.
Answer: A
Q2) The policy that was NOT effective in preserving the environment was the __________.
A) Homestead Act
B) establishment of the National Forest Service
C) establishment of the National Park Service
D) Clean Air Act
E) Clean Water Act
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Science Literacy and the Process of Science-
Science and the Sky: Solving the Mystery of the Disappearing Ozone
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?
Answer: A hypothesis is a possible explanation for what we have observed that is based on some previous knowledge. A scientific theory is a widely accepted explanation of a natural phenomenon that has been extensively and rigorously tested scientifically.
Q2) What kind of study, observational or experimental, was Susan Solomon's experiment that provided support for her hypothesis that CFCs were leading to depletion of ozone in the stratosphere?
Answer: Solomon's experiment was an observational one. She hypothesized that ClO levels would be increased if ozone depletion came about because of CFCs. When atmospheric gases were collected, the levels of ClO were indeed elevated, in support of her hypothesis.
Q3) Refer to Infographic 2.7. Comparing the Beijing Amendment (1999) to no protocol, by what percent was chlorine in the stratosphere depleted in 2010?
Answer: Beijing: 3.5 thousand parts per trillion Cl; compared with no protocol: 6.2. % reduction = 100*(6.2-3.5)/6.2 = about 44% reduction.
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Chapter 3: Information Literacy:toxic Bottles on the Trail
of
in Our Everyday Lives- Human Populations and Environmental Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Papers that are published in scientific journals are examples of ______.
A) primary sources
B) secondary sources
C) tertiary sources
D) review sources
E) report sources
Answer: A
Q2) A chain-smoking friend says that there is no way she's ever going to fly in a plane because she's terrified the plane will crash. What information sources could you provide your friend regarding the relative safety of flying and the dangers of smoking?
Answer: Reliable sources for aviation safety (from the FAA, for example) will demonstrate to your friend that flying is actually one of the safest forms of transportation. In the mass media, an airplane crash will be reported, but all of the flights that landed safely will not be reported. Scientific epidemiological studies will show the friend the strong correlation between smoking and lung cancer. It seems to be human nature to perceive higher risk from activities that we have no control over (flying) compared with those that we do (smoking).
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Chapter 4: Human Populations- One Child China Grows Up:
a Country Faces the Outcomes of Radical Population
Control
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Q1) You have been assigned the task of determining if a population will be growing, slowing, or declining. What aspects of an age structure diagram will help you determine what will happen to the population in the future?
Q2) What effect is the Chinese migration from rural to urban areas having on the population?
A) Urban families tend to be larger than rural families.
B) Urban families tend to be smaller than rural families.
C) Cities are better able to handle the burgeoning populations than the countryside is.
D) There are fewer opportunities for education and health care in the cities.
E) More Chinese are deciding to immigrate to other countries.
Q3) What is total fertility rate (TFR)? How do programs such as social security, pension plans, and Medicare affect TFR?
Q4) In the United States, the replacement fertility rate is ______.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 2.1
D) 3
E) 0
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Chapter 5: Environmental Health- Eradicating a Parasitic
Nightmare: Human Health Is Intricately Linked to the Environment- Consumption and the Environmental
Footprint
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Q1) People in less developed nations are more likely to die of:
A) noncommunicable diseases.
B) infectious diseases.
C) lifestyle choices.
D) cancer.
E) a heart attack.
Q2) Refer to Infographic 5.3. Which disease is completely due to environmental factors?
A) asthma
B) dengue Fever
C) malaria
D) diarrhea
E) intestinal nematode infections
Q3) Why is it difficult to map cause-and-effect relationships of human hazards and disease?
Q4) How might washing your hands lead to a human health threat?
Q5) Why does urbanization sometimes lead to the increased incidence of waterborne pathogen infections? Page 7
Q6) Why is the health of the natural environment one of the biggest influences on human health hazards?
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Chapter 6: Ecological Economics and Consumption-
to Wall, Cradle to Cradle: a Leading Carpet Company
Takes a Chance on Going Green
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Q1) Discuss how the ecosystem service of pollination benefits humans.
Q2) What are the differences and similarities between environmental and ecological economics?
Q3) The government must decide if a section of forest in north Wisconsin can be sold for lumber or if it should be added to the Nicolet National Forest. The social science that deals with how this resource should be allocated is called _______.
A) political science
B) economics
C) ecology
D) sociology
E) None of the choices above represent this concept.
Q4) _________ include manufacturing costs, labor, taxes, utilities, insurance, and rent.
A) Internal costs
B) External costs
C) Safety costs
D) Potential costs
E) True costs
9
Q5) What are assumptions of mainstream economics that fall short?
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Chapter
With Trash- Ecology
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Q1) Everyday garbage or trash (solid waste) produced by individuals or small businesses is known as ____________.
A) municipal solid waste
B) industrial solid waste
C) hazardous waste
D) biodegradable
E) sanitary
Q2) The majority of municipal solid waste produced in the United States ends up being __________.
A) recycled
B) composted
C) incinerated
D) landfilled
E) reused
Q3) Hazardous waste is __________.
A) any material that humans deem to be unwanted
B) everyday garbage or trash produced by individuals or small businesses
C) waste that is capable of being broken down by living organisms
D) waste that is incapable of being broken down under normal conditions
E) waste that is toxic, flammable, corrosive, explosive, or radioactive
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Chapter 8: Ecosystems and Nutrient Cycling- Engineering
Earth: an Ambitious Attempt to Replicate Earths Life
Support Systems Goes Awry
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Q1) Which type of scientist best matches the area they would study?
A) botanist-various ecosystems within a tundra biome
B) ecologist-individual animals or plants
C) zoologist-plant community in a tropical rainforest
D) ecologist-ecosystems and the interactions between organisms and their surroundings
E) All of the above are correct.
Q2) If no new matter enters the system, how can Earth continue to exist?
Q3) The principal of limiting factors states that the survival, growth, and _______ of a species in an ecosystem are determined by the critical resource in least supply.
A) maturation
B) migration
C) diversity
D) reproduction
E) development
Q4) Why is it difficult or impossible for ecologists to study the biosphere as a whole? Why is it useful to break down the biosphere into sections such as ecosystems, communities, and populations?
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Chapter 9: Population Ecology- the Wolf Watchers:
Endangered Gray Wolves Return to the American West
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Q1) Why is it difficult to determine whether a population's size is more affected by top-down or bottom-up regulation?
Q2) During a typical predator-prey population cycle, the increase in the predator population is normally seen _____________ an increase in the prey population. A) after B) before C) at the same time as D) as not correlated with E) as randomly changing with
Q3) Why is weather considered to be a density-independent factor?
Q4) With global warming having increasing effects on the environment, which type of species (r or K) would you think would be better suited to survive such a global disturbance, and why?
Q5) Several decades ago, around 24 rabbits were introduced into the wild of Australia, a country with no native rabbit population, mild winters, and large rabbit-friendly food supplies. Where do you think the rabbit population is today, and was it a big deal that only 24 rabbits were released?
Page 12
Q6) Why would a clumped distribution be an advantage for a bee-pollinated plant?
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Chapter 10: Community Ecology- What the Stork Says: a
Bird Species in the Everglades Reveals the Intricacies of a
Threatened Ecosystem- Biodiversity and Evolution
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Q1) Human activities in the Everglades has:
A) reduced species richness.
B) reduced species evenness.
C) fragmented habitats.
D) polluted natural water sources.
E) All of these options are correct.
Q2) Why are invasive species so damaging to ecosystems?
Q3) A chemical leaks into a pond that selectively kills off the phytoplankton (a producer). Many of the other organisms in the pond die over a short period of weeks, and the overall species diversity declines. The phytoplankton in this pond could be considered a good example of ________________.
A) a keystone species
B) an edge species
C) an indicator species
D) a core species
E) none of the above
Page 13
Q4) What is the term given to the amount of primary productivity available for energy transfer up the food web-gross primary productivity or net primary productivity-and how do they differ?
Q5) Why are decomposers and detritivores essential members of any ecosystem?
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Chapter 11: Evolution- a Tropical Murder Mystery: Finding the Missing Birds of Guam
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Q1) What must exist within a population in order for evolution by natural selection to occur, and what are its sources?
Q2) The main threats to biodiversity from humans are due to habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation, pollution, invasive species, overharvesting, and climate change. What can be done to better protect biodiversity? Give an example for each cause.
Q3) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Populations with more genetic diversity are less likely to suffer from inbreeding.
B) Selection pressures can change over time.
C) Giraffes that stretch their necks more than other giraffes will have babies with longer necks.
D) Natural selection acts on individual organisms.
E) Adaptive traits allow individual organisms to better survive and reproduce.
Q4) ________ are stretches of DNA that influence traits of an individual.
A) Proteins
B) Imprints
C) Genes
D) Founders
E) Constraints
Page 15
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Chapter 12: Biodiversity- Palm Planet: Production of a
Common Household Ingredient Is Wreaking Havoc on
Wildlife Across the Globe
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Sample Questions
Q1) How could the effects of global warming diminish ecosystem services? Use genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity in your answer.
Q2) There are more categorized than uncategorized species on Earth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which event would NOT lead to possible endemic species lost on a remote island?
A) hurricane
B) fire
C) deforestation
D) introduction of invasive species
E) All could lead to possible endemic species lost.
Q4) What is one major motivation for companies to source sustainably grown palm oil?
A) The palm oil is cheaper.
B) The palm oil tastes better.
C) Their customers demand sustainably grown palm oil.
D) Their customers demand cheaper prices on palm oil products.
E) The government requires them to.
Q5) Why are biodiversity hotspots important?
Q6) Compare and contrast habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation. Page 16
Q7) What is the connection between endemic species and endangered species?
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Chapter 13: Reserving Biodiversity- a Forest Without
Elephants: Can We Save One of Earths Iconic Species-
Water Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Conservation genetics is useful to determine:
A) whether two populations are distinct species or the same species.
B) the amount of genetic diversity in a population.
C) from which region of a country a contraband animal product is from.
D) whether one population is part of an endangered species.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) What is true in debt-for-nature swaps?
A) The wealthy nation's debt is forgiven by donating money to conservation efforts.
B) In exchange for land rights in protected areas, wealthy nations forgive part of a developing nation's debt.
C) Wealthy nations forgive a part of a developing nation's debt if that nation promises to pay a percentage of any ecotourism profit with the wealthy nations.
D) Part of a developing nation's debt is forgiven by wealthy nations if they promise to protect natural areas in their country.
E) Part of a developing nation's debt is forgiven by wealthy nations if they promise to give the wealthy nation exclusive rights to vacation in protected areas.
Q3) In which protected area do you think an endangered species would best thrive?
Page 18
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Chapter
14: Freshwater Resources- Toilet to Tap: a
California County Is Employing a Controversial Method to -
Supply Drinking Water
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which practice requires the greatest amount of water input?
A) flushing the toilet
B) taking a shower
C) making a cotton T-shirt
D) washing dishes
E) producing 1 pound of beef
Q2) In the southwestern United States, the use of water is approaching or exceeding sustainable limits. This is a good example of _______________.
A) economic water scarcity
B) physical water scarcity
C) inadequate sanitation
D) all of these answers
E) none of these answers
Q3) Which of the following continents has the greatest water scarcity?
A) North America
B) South America
C) Africa
D) Antarctica
E) Europe
Q4) Why are two sets of marshes used in the Arcata wetland sewage treatment system? Page 19
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Chapter 15: Water Pollution-
Zone, Far Upstream- Food Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) In many scientists' opinions, what is the key to saving the ecosystems of the Gulf of Mexico?
A) organic farming
B) watershed management
C) tighter control of point source pollution
D) harsher punishments and fines for noncompliance with the Clean Water Act
E) purification of the water entering the Gulf
Q2) Discuss the pros and cons of using drainage pipes for agricultural fields.
Q3) Choose three strategies from the Gulf of Mexico Regional Ecosystem Restoration plan in Infographic 15.7. Explain what the goals of those strategies are and, if implemented, how the strategies will help reach those goals.
Q4) Which is NOT an aspect of the Clean Water Act?
A) regulating municipal point source pollution
B) setting pollution standards
C) allowing a small percentage of pathogens in recreational water
D) regulating industrial point source pollution
E) allowing a small percentage of pathogens in drinking water
Q5) Why are point source pollution sources considered easier to "fix" than nonpoint source pollution sources?
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Q1) Refer to Infographic 16.5. When looking at the advantages and disadvantages of using GMO crops as food sources, do you think the pros outweigh the cons? Now imagine if you were a member of a community in West Africa. Would your opinion about the value of GMO crops change?
Q2) What is the relationship between the Green Revolution and industrial agriculture?
A) The Green Revolution focuses on sustainable, organic farming methods while industrial agriculture focuses on chemicals and technology.
B) The Green Revolution increased food production in less developed nations while industrial agriculture increased food production in more developed nations.
C) The Green Revolution focuses only on naturally available crops while industrial agriculture focuses on high-yield varieties of crops.
D) The Green Revolution took practices from industrial agriculture-like pesticide use, irrigation technologies, and high-yield crops-and brought them to developing nations like China and India.
E) The Green Revolution focuses on small-scale, family-owned farms while industrial agriculture focuses on multi-farm corporate companies.
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Chapter
Creative Solutions to Feeding the World- Conventional Energy: Fossil Fuels
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Q1) Which of the following is a disadvantage of sustainable farming for the consumer?
A) Fruits and vegetable are less uniform and may contain more blemishes.
B) The items have a shorter shelf life.
C) Usually the items are more expensive.
D) All of these answers are disadvantages.
E) None of these answers is a disadvantage.
Q2) As the human population continues to grow, we increase our demand for food.
Describe how we can meet increased food demand in a way that is sustainable for the long term.
Q3) The farming technique that is seen in most industrial farms is called ________ agriculture.
A) organic
B) integrated
C) monoculture
D) polyculture
E) None of these answers fit the description.
Q4) What are ways you can personally support sustainable/organic farming techniques and help them become more widely employed?
Q5) What are some potential hazards to using biological methods of pest control? Page 23
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Chapter
Rubble, the True Costs of Coal
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is grass planted in mine reclamation?
A) Woven mats that include embedded grass seed are laid over the landscape.
B) Aerial drops of grass seed mixtures are laid over previously mined sites.
C) An aqueous mixture of seed and chemicals are sprayed on the thin soil.
D) It is not planted, rather the land will go through natural senescence.
E) It is not planted; grass will not grow on reclaimed mines.
Q2) One of the advantages of coal is that it started the Industrial Revolution in ______________ and then ______________, and more recently in
A) Great Britain; China; the United States
B) Great Britain; Canada; Japan
C) Great Britain; the United States; China
D) Japan; Great Britain; Western Europe
E) United States; Great Britain; Korea
Q3) Refer to Infographic 18.7. Explain how carbon dioxide can be captured.
Q4) How is acid mine drainage formed, and what are its effects on the environment?
Q5) Refer to Infographic 18.6. Discuss some of the health affects of mining and using coal to generate electricity.
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Q6) Refer to Infographic 18.7. Explain what can be done with captured carbon dioxide.
Chapter 19: Oil and Natural Gas- the Bakken Oil Boom: Is Our Next Big Fuel Source Our Dirtiest- Air Pollution:
Consequences of Using Fossil Fuels
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Q1) Refer to Infographic 19.2. Which area has both the most natural gas and oil reserves?
A) United States
B) Russia
C) Middle East
D) Libya and western Africa
E) Venezuela
Q2) What do you think would be the most effective measure humans could take to reduce the amount of environmental damage from oil and natural gas mining?
Q3) The EROEI must be ____________ for any fuel to be worth harvesting.
A) positive
B) negative
C) positive or negative, it does not matter
D) fluctuating
E) EROEI is not associated with profitability.
Q4) What are the stages in the production of oil after a new well is drilled?
Q5) What is energy security, and why is it an important issue for many countries?
Q7) Compare and contrast oil sand and oil shale. Page 26
Q6) Explain what an oil shale is and what its potential is as an energy source.
Q8) What is the sequence used for extracting oil from the petroleum reservoirs?
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Chapter 20: Air Pollution- the Youngest Scientists: Kids on the
Frontlines of Asthma Research
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Q1) What is it about the nature of the human lung that makes it so vulnerable to air pollution? Further, how does damage to respiratory tissue serve as a gateway to other kinds of human health problems?
Q2) Compare and contrast the health risks associated with indoor air pollution in developed versus developing countries.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a source of indoor air pollution?
A) cigarettes
B) cleaners
C) furniture
D) paint
E) foundation cement
Q4) Refer to the pH values of precipitation in the United States map in Infographic 20.4. Why are pH values for precipitation lower (more acidic) in the eastern part of the United States? What has contributed to the improvement in conditions between 1994 and 2009?
Q5) Air pollution can negatively affect organisms other than humans.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Climate Change- When the Trees Leave:
Scientists Grapple With a Shifting Climate- Alternatives to Fossil Fuels
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Q1) Describe how the recent changes in global climate are expected to impact biodiversity.
Q2) Currently, ___________ releases more carbon dioxide per person than any other country in the world.
A) the United States
B) China
C) Russia
D) Mexico
E) France
Q3) Which is FALSE regarding positive feedback loops?
A) They are changes caused by an initial event that then accentuates that original event.
B) An example is melting sea ice in the Arctic.
C) They can cause rapid changes.
D) They always indicate a "positive" or beneficial event.
E) None of these answers are false.
Q4) How is a positive feedback loop different from a negative feedback loop? Provide an example of each.
Q5) Refer to Infographic 21.4. Explain why the Arctic is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Page 29
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Chapter 22: Nuclear Power - the Future of Fukushima: Can
Nuclear Energy Overcome Its Bad Rep
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Q1) Refer to Infographic 22.2. Which of the following choices is a daughter atom of Thorium-226?
A) Thorium-234
B) Radium-226
C) Uranium-234
D) Protactinium-234
E) none of these answers
Q2) A cost and benefit analysis of all our energy resources must include which of the following?
A) environmental costs
B) monetary costs of kilowatt-hours
C) social costs
D) risk assessments
E) all of these answers
Q3) Discuss the safety of living near a nuclear power plant relative to living near a coal-fired power plant.
Q4) Explain how using uranium as a fuel to produce energy is an advantage as far as availability goes versus the availability of fossil fuels.
Q5) What is the half-life of a radioactive isotope, and how long is it?
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Chapter 23: Sustainable Energy for Stationary Sources-
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Q1) Why are renewable forms of energy so expensive when compared with fossil fuels? What are two cheaper ways to sustainably meet energy needs without such a huge financial input? Refer to Table 23.2 when answering this question.
Q2) What is the most expensive form of energy from an economic standpoint?
A) coal
B) hydropower
C) geothermal energy
D) solar energy
E) wind
Q3) How much of Samsø's electric power is produced from the burning of fossil fuels?
A) 40%
B) 30%
C) 25%
D) 10%
E) 0%
Q4) What are the differences between active solar approaches and passive solar approaches?
Q6) How is electricity produced in a dry steam geothermal power plant? Page 32
Q5) Why is the unit "barrels of oil equivalents" (BOE) used in examining energy patterns?
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Chapter
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Q1) Reentering the policy cycle for revision as new or changing information comes to light is known as:
A) adaptive management.
B) lobbying.
C) circulation.
D) evolving management.
E) revolving management.
Q2) Which of the following aspects of international policy is(are) illustrated by Infographic 24.6?
A) The process is slow and incremental.
B) Many meetings, negotiations, and votes are required.
C) Specific targets are identified.
D) Science helps to inform policy.
E) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Many coastal areas and low-lying island nations are currently at risk from rising sea levels attributed to global climate change. How does this illustrate the need for policy at the international level?
Q4) What was the Kyoto Protocol, and how was compliance enforced?
Q5) Explain the role of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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Chapter 25: Environmental Policy
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Q1) Refer to Infographic 25.2. Discuss at least two of the benefits of urbanization to the environment.
Q2) Refer to Infographic 25.4. What are some of the unwanted consequences of suburban sprawl?
Q3) What has happened to the distribution of people (rural and urban) from the 1950s to 2013?
Q4) All of the following are true about urban areas when compared with rural areas EXCEPT___________________.
A) they have higher population densities
B) there is less personal vehicle travel
C) the homes are smaller
D) they have a lower carbon footprint
E) None of these answers are correct.
Q5) In the New York case study, the South Bronx handled ______ of the entire city's waste.
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 40%
E) 80%
35
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Chapter 26: Counterfeit Cooling:
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Q1) Neodymium is a key ingredient in wind turbines and hybrid car batteries because of its:
A) tendency to occur in concentrated deposits.
B) extreme magnetic ability.
C) ability to produce electric currents with very little material.?
D) A, B, and C
E) B and C
Q2) Describe how Mark Hersam's work at Northwestern University helps address both resource scarcity and environmental pollution.
Q3) Use Infographic 26.2 to describe how minerals are created.
Q4) "Blood diamonds" refer to which of the following?
A) children forced to work in mines
B) sulfur-containing rocks that acidify water
C) diamonds extracted with the use of mercury
D) diamonds taken from warlord-controlled areas
E) microscopic dust particles emitted by smelters
Q5) Describe the environmental disaster that occurred at Mountain Pass between 1984 and 1994.
Q6) List five commonly used products that contain mineral resources.
Q7) Describe how geologists help determine the location of mineral deposits. Page 36
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Chapter 27: Learned After the Fact
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Q1) Why is "planned grazing" considered an approach based on biomimicry?
Q2) Prairies are found in which of the following biome classifications?
A) tropical
B) boreal
C) temperate
D) polar
E) none of these answers
Q3) Refer to Infographic 27.4. Which soil layer contains the most decaying material and living organisms?
A) B horizon
B) A horizon
C) R horizon
D) C horizon
E) D horizon
Q4) Appropriate amounts of grazing lower the amount of weeds growing in that area.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Refer to Infographic 27.3. Discuss some scenarios of how the healthy grass in the first picture might begin to look like the overgrazed grass in the second picture.
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Chapter 28: Optional Chapters Available in Launchpad
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Q1) The majority of deforestation is currently taking place _______________.
A) in countries that are more developed
B) in countries that are less developed
C) at the same rate in both developed and developing countries
D) at rates that vary worldwide, with no pattern
E) There data to determine this are insufficient.
Q2) The three-dimensional structure of the forest refers to the fact that __________________.
A) forests can cover thousands of acres
B) forests can contain a variety of tree species
C) forests can have multiple layers
D) forests can be restored in a relatively short time span
E) forests exist in several types, such as tropical, deciduous, and boreal
Q3) What would you expect to happen to the distribution of boreal forests as average global temperatures increase with climate change?
Q4) One of the most important functions of a forest is nutrient cycling. What nutrients does a forest normally recycle?
Q5) Why might forest management be considered a "wicked problem"?
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Chapter 29: Mineral Resources and Mining
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Q1) Zooxanthellae live inside coral cells.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "Less plankton leads to less carbon dioxide taken up by organisms, meaning that more carbon is left behind to further acidify ocean water." This statement is an example of what phenomenon?
A) negative feedback cycle
B) positive feedback cycle
C) planktonic shift
D) dissolution
E) neutral feedback cycle
Q3) Refer to Infographic 29.1. Carbon dioxide emissions have reduced the ocean's pH by about 0.1. Why is this acidification of the ocean a problem?
Q4) The deepest zone in the ocean is the ____________.
A) abyssal
B) hadal
C) bathypelagic
D) epipelagic
E) meso
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Chapter 30: Rare Earth Elements: a Bevy of Unfamiliar
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Q1) What does it mean to "eat lower on the food chain?" How can it help make livestock production more sustainable?
Q2) Infographic 30.2 tells us that eating one red meat serving per day ___________ compared with those who ate no red meat.
A) increases the risk of dying by 50%
B) has no effect on the risk of dying
C) decreases the risk of dying by about 25%
D) increases the risk of dying by about 25%
E) increases the risk of dying by about 1.25%
Q3) Which of the following is least efficient and slowest at converting the food it eats into body mass?
A) CAFO-reared cattle
B) grass-fed cattle
C) chickens
D) pigs
E) salmon
Q4) What are some advantages and disadvantages to feeding cattle grains instead of grass?
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Q5) List and describe several ethical issues involved with raising animals in CAFOs.
Chapter
and Grassland Resources
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Q1) Major issues associated with the fishing technique of bottom trawling include ________.
A) bycatch
B) damaged seabed
C) sediment plume
D) ecosystem damage
E) all of these answers
Q2) Aquaculture and fisheries both ___________________.
A) are sources of food and livelihood for people
B) exploit renewable natural resources
C) have significant potential for environmental degradation
D) require significant energy resources
E) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) The Marine Stewardship Council defines a sustainable fishery as one that ensures that __________________.
A) fish stocks are maintained at healthy levels
B) the ecosystem is fully functional
C) fishing activity does not threaten biological diversity
D) A, B, and C
E) only A and C
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Chapter 32: Restoring the Range: the Key to
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Q1) Although it is clear that alternative energy sources such as bioethanol and biodiesel are reducing fossil fuel usage, ___________ is also a key strategy to reducing our dependence on fossil fuels.
A) desalination
B) development of vertical farming
C) conservation
D) space exploration
E) none of these answers
Q2) While starch from corn is soft, cellulose in grasses is which of the following?
A) complex
B) durable
C) not easily degraded
D) A, B, and C
E) none of these answers
Q3) Switchgrass grown with other plants produces less biomass that can be used for biofuel when compared with switchgrass grown in a monoculture.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are biofuels, and what are potential biofuel sources?
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