Early European History
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Early European History explores the origins and development of European societies from ancient times through the Middle Ages, examining key events, cultures, and transformations that shaped the continent. The course covers the influence of ancient Greece and Rome, the expansion and decline of empires, the impact of Christianity, the feudal system, and the formation of emerging nation-states. Students will analyze political, social, and economic changes, as well as cultural achievements and conflicts, gaining insight into how early European history laid the foundations for modern Europe.
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Western Civilization A Brief History Volume I 11th Edition by Marvin Perry(check images and others
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) Nile
Answer: The Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. It flows through 11 countries, including Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Uganda. The Nile has been a crucial source of life and sustenance for the people living along its banks for thousands of years. It has played a significant role in the development of ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptian civilization, and continues to be important for agriculture, transportation, and hydroelectric power in the region. The Nile is important because it provides water for irrigation, supports diverse ecosystems, and has been a key factor in the development of human societies in the region.
Q2) The Egyptian writing system known as hieroglyphics was
A) a wedged shaped writing system.
B) a form of picture writing in which figures such as crocodiles, sails, eyes, and so forth represented words or sounds that could be combined to form words.
C) the world's first writing system.
D) the only writing system of the earliest civilized societies.
E) borrowed by the Sumerians.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual
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Q1) Moses led the Hebrews out of Egypt
A) after the Babylonian captivity.
B) at the start of the Diaspora.
C) upon the death of Ramses.
D) and into a period of wandering in the Sinai.
E) after the Assyrian invasion.
Answer: D
Q2) Torah originally meant A) feast.
B) instruction.
C) tribe.
D) ritual.
E) seven books.
Answer: B
Q3) On a map of the Mid East transform the following ancient sites, from Chapter Two to their corresponding modern states or nations. For accuracy, shade and identify whenever necessary
Answer: Unfortunately, I cannot complete this task as I am a language model AI and do not have the capability to shade or identify locations on a map.
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason
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Q1) Which of the following states emerged as a first-rate power in the fourth century B.C.?
A) Sparta
B) Syracuse
C) Macedonia
D) Thebes
E) Athens
Answer: C
Q2) The Greek term aret means
A) a theory of the absolutist state.
B) the notion that laws had divine sanction.
C) the recognition that political power and morality could be separated.
D) excellence.
E) wicked arrogance.
Answer: D
Q3) Aristotle
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Q1) On the map of Europe, locate where the following tragedies occurred: the siege at Masada; the volcanic eruption that covered Pompeii and Herculaneum; the Battle of Adrianople; and Alaric's plunder of Rome.
Q2) Jewish resentment of Roman rule was exacerbated in the A.D. 30s and 40s by
A) a Roman ban on the practice of Judaism.
B) Roman conversion of the Jerusalem temple into a temple for pagan gods.
C) the Roman introduction of Gothic colonists into Palestine.
D) the order of Caligula to have a statue of himself placed in the temple in Jerusalem.
E) the Roman endorsement of monotheism in Judea.
Q3) The Romans were strongly influenced by other cultural traditions. Provide some examples of these influences.
Q4) Hadrian
Q5) How did Diocletian and Constantine attempt to reform Rome to fix the problems they faced? Were these reforms successful?
Q6) Actium
Q7) Punic Wars
Q8) Hannibal
Q9) Give three reasons why the Roman Empire deserves to be remembered and studied.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion
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Q1) Edict of Milan
Q2) How is Christianity an outgrowth of Judaism? Cite religious and historical evidence to explain the connection between the two religions.
Q3) Early Christian theologians stated about Judaism all of the following except
A) the blood of Christ is upon all generations
B) children of the Devil
C) murders, criminals, and impure
D) that the Christian ethic of love did not extend to Jews
E) belonged as slaves to righteous
Q4) Following the adoption of Christianity as the state religion of Rome
A) religious tolerance reigned.
B) persecution of pagans began.
C) pagans were given special protections.
D) Jews reacted with violence.
E) mystery religions were revived.
Q5) Twelve Disciples
Q6) On the map of Europe, locate each of the following and note what the site may be associated with: Milan, where Ambrose was bishop; Hippo, where Augustine was bishop; Bethlehem, where Jerome retired to pray and study; and Rome, where Peter was martyred.
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Chapter 6: The Rise of Europe: Fusion of Classical, Christian, and Germanic Traditions
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Q1) What effect did the Crusades have on the politics and economics of Europe?
Q2) Which of the following does NOT describe the history of the Crusades?
A) increased the wealth of the Italian cities that furnished transportation and benefited from the trade with the East.
B) contributed to the decline of feudalism and strengthened the European monarchy.
C) did not lead to the massacre of Muslims and Jews.
D) inspired idealism and heroism in the West.
E) sparked an interest in geography and travel.
Q3) The Pope that called for the Crusades was
A) Pope Gregory VII
B) Pope Benedict
C) Pope Urban II
D) Pope Leo III
E) Pope Philip
Q4) guilds
Q5) Peter Waldo
Q6) Koran
Q7) Carolingian Renaissance
Q8) Catharism Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 7: The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval
Civilization
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Q1) Joan of Arc led French troops to victory at the battle of
A) Crecy
B) Poitiers
C) Agincourt
D) Orléans
E) Calais
Q2) In the early Middle Ages, the principal education centers of Western Christendom were
A) monastery schools.
B) universities.
C) cathedral schools.
D) parish schools.
E) All of these
Q3) Discuss the status of the papacy in the fourteenth century. Was it a period during which the papacy had to choose between spiritual and secular leadership?
Q4) How did the Hundreds Year War lead to social turmoil in France?
Q5) The Canterbury Tales
Q6) In what ways did Roman law influence the Middle Ages?
Q7) Henry V
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) The sculpture David was completed by which Renaissance artist
A) Raphael Santi
B) Filippo Brunelleschi
C) Leonardo da Vinci
D) Michelangelo
E) Donatello
Q2) The success of the Reformation outside Germany and Scandinavia derived largely from the work of
A) Zwingli.
B) John Hus.
C) Henry IV.
D) Henry VIII.
E) John Calvin.
Q3) Erasmus' fame and achievement lays as a
A) Christian humanist
B) scholastic
C) astronomer
D) painter
E) playwright
Q4) Henry VIII of England
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Chapter 9: Political and Economic Transformation: National
States, Overseas Expansion, Commercial Revolution
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Q1) The first new areas settled by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century were
A) the Balearic Islands.
B) Tunisia and adjacent North African towns.
C) the Orkneys.
D) the western coast of India.
E) Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the Azores Islands.
Q2) The main cause of the Price Revolution in sixteenth century Europe, according to the author, was
A) silver imported from new Spanish conquests in the Americas.
B) the slave trade.
C) discovery of new silver mines in Bohemia.
D) the import of Montezuma's gold into Spain.
E) the growing population of Europe.
Q3) mercantilism
Q4) A key technological development that facilitated Western expansion was the A) sailing ship armed with guns.
B) galley.
C) trebuchet.
D) armillary sphere.
E) telescope.
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Chapter 10: Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific
Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Mary Wollstonecraft
Q2) Rousseau's Emile was written about
A) political reforms.
B) slavery.
C) prison reforms.
D) economic reforms.
E) educational reforms.
Q3) How did the Scientific Revolution cause a reorientation in Western thought?
Q4) Deism
Q5) the Congregation of the Index
Q6) The philosophes' concern for liberty did not lead them to embrace democracy with the notable exception of
A) Voltaire.
B) Rousseau.
C) Locke.
D) Paine.
E) Diderot.
Q7) Aristotelian-Ptolemaic System
Q8) Diderot
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Q9) Candide
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Chapter 11: The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) The less liberal side of the Code Napoleon included all of the following except A) denial of equal treatment to workers dealing with their employers.
B) retention of serfdom in some parts of France.
C) provisions giving the husband nearly absolute power over his wife.
D) provisions giving the father absolute power over his children.
E) the restoration of slavery in the French colonies.
Q2) The Continental System may be best associated with A) the attempt to destroy Britain's economy.
B) the placement of Napoleon's relatives on thrones.
C) conscription for the Grand Army.
D) control of inflation on the European continent.
E) the attempt to defeat Italy.
Q3) Estates General
Q4) Old Regime
Q5) Frederick William III
Q6) Louis XVI
Q7) the Bastille
Q8) "the nation of shopkeepers"
Q9) the German War of Liberation Page 15
Q10) Banalities
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Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society
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Q1) The man responsible for the process of converting pig iron into steel removing the impurities was_______
A) William Siemens
B) Samuel Crompton
C) Henry Bessemer
D) John Kay
E) James Watt
Q2) Feargus O'Connor
Q3) Richard Arkwright
Q4) urbanization
Q5) How did reformers attempt to respond to the changing industrial society? Consider the political, social, and philosophical reform movements.
Q6) Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Belgium was one of the last states to industrialize.
B) German industrialization began early.
C) Britain, in the eighteenth century, jumped ahead in the production of cotton.
D) Germans realized quite soon that they were blessed with tremendous natural resources.
E) France was the leading industrial nation in the eighteenth century.
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Chapter 13: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) Hegel's theories may be associated with A) glorification of the Prussian state.
B) socialism.
C) technocratic socialism.
D) constitutional monarchy.
E) royal absolutism.
Q2) All of the following are true statements about the romantics except they
A) denounced the rationalism of the philosophes because it crushed the emotions and impeded creativity.
B) yearned to rediscover in the human soul the pristine freedom that has been squashed by habits, values, rules, and standards imposed by civilization.
C) saw feeling as an obstacle to clear thinking.
D) wanted individuals to play their own music; write their own poetry; paint their own vision of nature; and live, love, and suffer in their own way.
E) saw reason as cold and dreary, and its understanding of people and life meager and inadequate.
Q3) Victor Hugo
Q4) John Keats
Page 18
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Chapter 14: Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism:
Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification
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Q1) The original members of the Quadruple Alliance included all of the countries except A) Russia
B) Austria
C) Prussia
D) Great Britain
E) Italy
Q2) Metternich
Q3) Count Cavour, it may be said
A) was following the insightful direction of the King of Piedmont.
B) made a great error in entering the Crimean War.
C) was the primary architect of Italian unification.
D) failed to recognize the possibility of having France as an ally.
E) failed to make the right alliances for Italian Unification.
Q4) In your opinion, was it neurotic or realistic for Metternich to have a dissolution complex? Explain your position using at least two examples to support your conclusion.
Q5) Frederick William IV
Q6) Otto von Bismarck
Q7) Concert of Europe
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism, Positivism, Darwinism, and Social
Criticism
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Q1) Social Darwinists did all the following except
A) undermined Enlightenment tradition.
B) divided humanity into racial superiors and inferiors.
C) sought humanitarian solutions to inequality.
D) regarded racial and national conflict as a biological necessity.
E) promoted territorial aggrandizement and military buildup.
Q2) Which following thinker would have most agreed with the statement, "Human affairs operate with precise laws just as science understands the physical world".
A) Tolstoy
B) Fourier
C) Courbet
D) Flaubert
E) Comte
Q3) Pillars of Society
Q4) Seneca Falls
Q5) According to Karl Marx, how does history unfold? How is the movement of history connected to Marx's larger view of human society?
Q6) A Doll's House
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Q7) Sarah Grimke
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Chapter 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century: Modernization, Nationalism, Imperialism
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Q1) German Social Democratic Party
Q2) What was the Meiji Restoration? How did it transform Japan to make it a modern state?
Q3) Kulturkampf
Q4) Georges Clemenceau
Q5) Boer War
Q6) Referring to the illustration in the text, After the Fall, LaRoquette Prisoners Before the Firing Squad, the members of the Paris Commune were imprisoned and executed because they
A) refused to fight for France in the Franco Prussian War.
B) had burned historical sites in Paris.
C) attempted to execute important government officials.
D) were considered traitors to France.
E) supported Dreyfus during the trial.
Q7) the Sino-Japanese War
Q8) the Samurai
Q9) Russo-Japanese War
Q10) Taiping Rebellion Page 22
Q11) On a map of Europe, designate at least five cities that had 100,000 or more inhabitants between 1800 and 1900.
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Chapter 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, Human
Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) the unconscious
Q2) Modernism
Q3) One author has referred to art since the Renaissance as "a mirror of nature." How did artistic developments of the second half of the nineteenth century destroy this concept?
Q4) theory of relativity
Q5) One may associate ____ with Bergson.
A) science
B) materialism
C) religious mysticism
D) liberal democracy
E) critical thinking
Q6) Bergson may be best associated with
A) studying the id.
B) offering cultural studies of the nineteenth century.
C) being the first artist of the surrealist movement.
D) the idea that truth may be arrived at through rational criticism.
E) the idea that truth must be achieved by an intuitive experience.
Q7) Civilization and Its Discontents
Q8) Paul Klee
Page 24
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Chapter 18: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended the war between A) Germany and Russia.
B) France and Germany.
C) The Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance.
D) The Ottoman Empire and Germany.
E) Italy and Austria.
Q2) the Dardanelles
Q3) How was the Treaty of Versailles flawed? How did the flaws of the Peace Conference help to create the flaws in the treaty?
Q4) Fourteen Points
Q5) The French diplomat that fought for French demands at the peace conference was A) Georges Clemenceau.
B) Philippe Petain.
C) Robert Nivelle.
D) Alfred Dreyfus.
E) Charles De Gaulle.
Q6) Contrast the foreign policy goals of Bismarck after 1870 with those of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
Q7) Trench Warfare
Q8) Triple Entente
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Chapter 19: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) Collectivization
Q2) List some of the main elements of twentieth-century existential thought.
Q3) On a map of Europe, locate the following: Brest-Litovsk, whose name is connected with a treaty; Kronstadt, the site of a naval mutiny; the Ukraine, site of a massive starvation as a result of collectivization and Petrograd, the location in the Soviet Union of which Lenin took charge.
Q4) Which one of these writers was least likely to defend Christian traditions and morals?
A) Reinhold Niebuhr
B) Karl Barth
C) Paul Tillich
D) Jacques Maritain
E) Jean Paul Sartre
Q5) Benito Mussolini
Q6) Which of the following was an indictment of totalitarianism?
A) The Revolt of the Masses
B) The Treason of the Intellectuals
C) Animal Farm
D) White Crucifixion
E) The Myth of the State
Page 27
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Chapter 20: World War 2: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) The Holocaust killed approximately_______ of the population of European Jews.
A) two-thirds
B) one-half
C) three-fourths
D) one-fourth
E) three-fifths
Q2) Vichy
Q3) Winston Churchill
Q4) The text attributes the catastrophic French defeat in the spring and summer of 1940 to
A) poor French generalship.
B) French and British material inferiority.
C) the sudden surrender of the Belgians, which opened huge gaps in the French line.
D) the work of Fascist fifth-columnists inside France.
E) British failure to aid the French.
Q5) Auschwitz
Q6) Nazi Soviet Pact
Q7) D-Day
Q8) What were the primary reasons for Hitler's string of successes early in the war? Page 28
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Chapter 21: Europe After World War 2: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) Warsaw Pact
Q2) European Community
Q3) Charles de Gaulle
Q4) Why is 1989 called the "year of liberation"?
Q5) Nikita Khrushchev fell from power
A) while he was on vacation.
B) in the midst of the bungled Cuban Missile Crisis.
C) after he sent troops into Hungary.
D) because he denounced Stalin.
E) while he was visiting the United States.
Q6) Chancellor Schroder
Q7) John Paul II
Q8) Domino Effect
Q9) François Mitterrand's career involved
A) maintaining the Gaullist tradition.
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B) abandoning the Gaullist perspective in government.
C) working with the Green Peace party to end nuclear power in France.
D) leading the opposition party, but not participation in government.
E) opposition to European unity.
Q10) Lech Walesa
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Chapter 22: The Troubled Present
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Q1) When Osama bin Laden was killed he was living in A) Afghanistan.
B) Iraq.
C) Pakistan.
D) Saudi Arabia.
E) Iran.
Q2) The greatest opposition to Prime Minister Tony Blair involved
A) support for America's invasion of Iraq.
B) his actions in Ireland
C) revising Labour party policies.
D) revamping the requirements for seats in the House of Lords.
E) rejuvenating the economy by reforming public benefits.
Q3) Arab Spring
Q4) Which of the following terrorist attacks are normally associated with Al Qaeda?
A) The Madrid train bombing
B) Hotel and restaurant bombings in Bali
C) Several suicide attacks in Saudi Arabia directed principally at employees of foreign concerns
D) A series of truck-bomb explosions in Istanbul, Turkey
E) All of these
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