Early Childhood Education Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Early Childhood Education explores the foundational principles, theories, and practices that support the growth and development of young children from birth to age eight. This course examines key developmental domains physical, cognitive, emotional, and social as well as the roles of families, communities, and educators in fostering healthy learning environments. Students will analyze age-appropriate instructional strategies, assessment methods, and the importance of play-based learning. Through a combination of research, observation, and hands-on experiences, participants gain the knowledge and skills needed to create inclusive and nurturing settings that promote the holistic development of every child.
Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development 6th Canadian Edition by Denise Boyd
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19 Chapters
2224 Verified Questions
2224 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Basic Concepts and Methods
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12124
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the BEST example of an "off-time" event that could have negative effects upon an individual's development?
A) being divorced at the age of 25
B) the deaths of elderly parents
C) the death of one's spouse at the age of 30
D) experiencing a life-threatening illness at the age of 60
Answer: C
Q2) A cohort is
A) a sequence of shared cultural experiences.
B) everyone who belongs to a specific culture.
C) a genetically programmed, sequential pattern of change.
D) a group of individuals who are born within a fairly narrow time frame and who share historical experiences.
Answer: D
Q3) In Canada,the belief that adults should retire at age 65 is defined by the social clock.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following most accurately represents Maslow's key concept in his theory of human development?
A) Development is influenced by early childhood experiences and the development of a stable identity.
B) Humans are motivated to develop schemes for understanding their worlds. These schemes further develop through equilibration, assimilation, and accommodation.
C) Deficiency motives are drives to maintain physical or emotional homeostasis by eating, drinking, or being loved; being motives lead us to seek understanding and personal growth.
D) Development is motivated by role models, intrinsic reinforcements, and cognitive elements in learning.
Answer: C
Q2) The Piagetian process of accommodation involves
A) taking in an event or experience and connecting it to an existing scheme.
B) changing an existing scheme as a result of new information or experiences.
C) understanding the world in terms of one's senses and motor actions.
D) using symbols to represent the world.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12126
Sample Questions
Q1) Diseases/infections such as cancer and chlamydia,and drugs (e.g.,tobacco,alcohol)that can cause birth defects are called
A) chromosomal anomalies.
B) teratogens.
C) mutagens.
D) trisomies.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following aspects of neonatal functioning is not assessed by the Apgar scale?
A) Babinski reflex
B) colour
C) heart rate
D) respiration
Answer: A
Q3) Boys are more likely than girls to show long-term effects of low birth weight.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Physical, Sensory, and Perceptual Development in Infancy
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12127
Sample Questions
Q1) What do we know about a newborn's ability to see colour?
Q2) Describe and compare adaptive reflexes and primitive reflexes.
Q3) Early studies established that as early as ______________,babies an discriminate between speech sounds like pa and ba.
A) 1 month
B) 2 months
C) 3 months
D) 4 months
Q4) Improved lung efficiency and increased heart muscle strength mean that children have increased
A) reticular activation.
B) intersensory integration.
C) ossification.
D) stamina.
Q5) Identify the short-term and long-term implications of pre-term and low-birth-weight infants.What is kangaroo care and what are this practice's benefits?
Q6) The brain processes of pruning and myelinization continue until adolescence. A)True B)False
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Werker's research demonstrates that one characteristic of infants that helps them to learn language is
A) intelligence.
B) concentration.
C) the ability to babble.
D) the ability to distinguish between human speech and other non-speech sounds.
Q2) University researcher Fei Xu identified that infants use three broad categories to differentiate and recognize distinct objects.Which of the following is NOT one of the categories identified by Fei Xu?
A) spatiotemporal information (e.g., information about the location and motion of objects)
B) plasticity factors about how experience changes perception
C) object's property information (e.g., the perceptual qualities of an object, such as colour texture and size)
D) awareness of distinct kinds of objects (e.g., a duck versus a ball)
Q3) Researcher Renée Baillargeon believes that knowledge about objects is not built in,but that the strategies for learning are innate.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12129
Sample Questions
Q1) Once a child has developed a clear attachment,several other related behaviours begin to appear.Which of the following is a good example of these attachment-related behaviours?
A) social referencing
B) difference in eating and sleeping patterns
C) difference in temperament
D) a lack of separation anxiety
Q2) If you were to visit the Fedor home in the middle of the day,you would find 1-year-old Vlad playing close to his mother.Your presence would upset him,and his mother would have difficulty comforting him.If she left the room briefly,he would be extremely upset,but he would seem to both seek and avoid her when she returned.Vlad most likely would be classified as having a(n)________ form of attachment.
A) avoidant
B) disorganized
C) secure
D) ambivalent
Q3) Describe the four-phase development of infants' attachment to their parents as suggested by Bowlby.Describe the related infant behaviours a parent might expect to observe during the time that attachment is forming.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12130
Sample Questions
Q1) By age 6,most children realize that knowledge can be derived through inference. A)True
B)False
Q2) The young child's tendency to think about the world in terms of one variable at a time,such as the notion that all moving objects are animals,is an example of A) egocentric thought.
B) centration.
C) conservation.
D) locomotion capacity.
Q3) The young child's tendency to understand and think about the world in terms of one variable at a time,such as all moving objects must be animals,is an example of Piaget's concept of A) egocentrism.
B) centration.
C) conservation.
D) compensation.
Q4) Using language as a guide to problem solving is called metacognition. A)True
B)False
9
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Chapter 8: Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12131
Sample Questions
Q1) Maccoby and Martin conceptualized parenting on the dimensions of ________ and ________.
A) the child's form of attachment; the child's maturity level
B) communication; discipline
C) level of control or demand; level of acceptance
D) the parent's personality; the child's temperament
Q2) Researchers have found that children begin to respond differently to violations of social conventions and moral rules between the ages of __________________.
A) 2 and 3
B) 6 and 7
C) 1 and 2
D) 4 and 5
Q3) A style of communicating that involves suggestions,support,and agreement between the participants is called ________,and this style is typically used between
A) sex-typed; age-peers unequal in social status
B) constricting; boys
C) facilitating; peers
D) enabling; girls
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12132
Sample Questions
Q1) Bilingual education has many educational,social,and cognitive benefits,including dementia prevention.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When the teacher asked,"How many metres is 300 centimetres?" Carmen answered "three" without having to pause to compute the number of centimetres in a metre.Carmen's skill is an example of the cognitive ability of
A) metacognition.
B) mnemonics.
C) elaboration.
D) automaticity.
Q3) When children understand that Chihuahuas and great Danes are both dogs and that dogs are also animals,they are demonstrating the cognitive skill known as ________.
A) class inclusion.
B) conservation.
C) reversibility.
D) deductive logic.
Q4) Briefly summarize and critique Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12133
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson,the psychosocial crisis of children in middle childhood is
A) latency versus sexual development.
B) basic trust versus mistrust.
C) industry versus inferiority.
D) autonomy versus shame and doubt.
Q2) Developmentalists agree that the earliest age that a child should be left in self-care is 8.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Self-esteem is influenced by the
A) discrepancy between who a child feels she ought to be and who she thinks she is.
B) sum total of the assessments the child makes about her skills.
C) addition of all of the positive assessments minus the negative ones.
D) relationship between the child's physical abilities and the cultural expectations of her.
Q4) Canadian children spend less than seven hours per day in front of a screen.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe how popular,rejected,and neglected children differ.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12134
Sample Questions
Q1) What type of cognitive ability dramatically increases in adolescence,which results in teens benefitting from training more than younger children?
A) reasoning
B) metamemory
C) metacognitive
D) processing
Q2) In studies of teenage sexual behaviour,birth control pills were reported as the most frequently used form of contraception.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the most positive effect of teens working?
A) They meet friends on the job.
B) They stay in school longer.
C) They have increased feelings of competence and efficacy.
D) They argue less with their parents.
Q4) How does the timing of puberty influence a teen's experience of puberty?
Q5) It is not possible to become pregnant shortly after menarche.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12135
Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the role of self-esteem in adolescent development.What factors influence self-esteem? What shifts occur? What other developmental tasks does it influence?
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the development of self-concept during adolescence?
A) In the development of a self-concept, girls seem to be influenced by both internal and external comparisons with others, whereas boys are more influenced by their internal, self-defined standards.
B) Adolescents' self-concepts become more differentiated, and they are able to envision themselves in a variety of roles.
C) By late adolescence, most teenagers think of themselves in terms of enduring traits, beliefs, or moral standards.
D) Adolescents increasingly define themselves in terms of their appearance and physical qualities.
Q3) The gender-related aspects of the psychological self are known as A) gender role types. B) sex role identities.
C) sexual preference. D) gender formation
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12136
Sample Questions
Q1) Which concept is unrelated to the other concepts in this list?
A) optimism
B) perceived control
C) self-efficacy
D) crystallized intelligence
Q2) Among men in early adulthood,infertility is commonly caused by erectile dysfunction,or an inability to acquire and sustain an erection.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following would you utilize as you quickly and accurately work a cross-word puzzle?
A) encoding skills
B) crystallized intelligence
C) dialectical thought
D) fluid intelligence
Q4) After declining for two decades,the number of reported new cases of sexually transmitted infections has been increasing,especially for chlamydia.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Social and Personality Development in Early
Adulthood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12137
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the general pattern of marital satisfaction across the family lifespan.What factors influence the variations in marital satisfaction through the years?
Q2) As a sociodemographic trend,the number of intermarriages of visible minorities has increased more than threefold over the past 25 years in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compared to men,the work pattern of adult women is more likely to be interrupted or discontinuous.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Summarize the factors that influence an individual's choice of occupation or career.Which of the factors do you believe are the most powerful or important? Why?
Q5) Roisman's research suggests that the most significant and complex developmental domain that young adults must master is work-related skills and adjustments.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12138
Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss cancer as a health trend in Canada.What is the prevalence? What do we know about the relationship between heath-related choices and the development of certain types of cancers? Use specific examples to illustrate the relationship between the health choice and the type of cancer.
Q2) What does Nancy Denney's model of exercised and unexercised skills suggest about the effects of age on physical and cognitive abilities?
Q3) Which of the following is a NOT a true statement about alcoholism and brain functioning in middle age?
A) Functional deficits among alcoholics include problems with memory and language.
B) Some parts of the brains of middle-aged alcoholics are smaller and less responsive to stimuli than the brains of nonalcoholics.
C) The effects of alcohol on the brain are irreversible, even if an alcoholic quits drinking.
D) Alcohol weakens the walls of the blood vessels in the body and brain.
Q4) Presbyopia and presbycusis are examples of secondary aging processes.
A)True
B)False
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Social and Personality Development in Middle
Adulthood
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Green family household consists of Mr.and Mrs.Green,three daughters who are widowed or divorced,and five grandchildren ranging in age from 5 to 15 years.While the daughters work and go to college,Mr.and Mrs.Green have full responsibility for rearing their grandchildren.According to the categories developed by behavioural scientists,this situation most closely resembles the ________ type of grandparent.
A) engrossed
B) involved
C) invested
D) companionate
Q2) Describe characteristics and trends in marital relationships in middle age.Identify the factors that increase or decrease marital satisfaction.
Q3) Voluntary career changers tend to experience increasing levels of mental health disorders,such as anxiety,depression,and substance abuse,more so than involuntary career changers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How are Baby Boomers preparing for retirement? How do Baby Boomers compare to their parents as they enter retirement?
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12140
Sample Questions
Q1) Among the old,there are average declines in
A) speed of information-processing, but not in recall memory skills.
B) virtually all measures of intellectual skills.
C) memory skills, but not in most other intellectual skills.
D) all intellectual skills except vocabulary.
Q2) Researchers have established that elderly adults generally outperform young and middle-aged adults on tests of prospective memory (tasks that require an individual to remember an event into the future,such as remembering a doctor's appointment).
A)True
B)False
Q3) Most theorists do NOT include ________ in their definition of wisdom.
A) the knowledge that unpredictability and uncertainty are part of life
B) the ability to apply knowledge to practical problems of living
C) understanding of basic laws and patterns
D) personal experience with grief, trouble, and sorrow
Q4) Free radicals occur less frequently in older than in young persons' bodies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify how older and younger adults differ in memory function.
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Chapter 18: Social and Personality Development in Late
Adulthood
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12141
Sample Questions
Q1) Rowe and Kahn did not include which of the following components in their definition of successful aging?
A) retention of cognitive abilities
B) social engagement
C) good physical health
D) extroversion
Q2) Which of the following is the best example of ego integrity,as described by Erikson?
A) Mrs. Chiu tells her family that she will die at peace with the world because she has lived a good life and has few regrets.
B) Mrs. Valentino and Mr. Antonczyk had both been widowed for many years and were eager for the love and companionship they could offer each other in their last years.
C) When Mr. Benoit offers advice to his family, he often says, "Don't make the same mistakes I did. I wish I could live my life over."
D) Mr. and Mrs. Li are the unofficial grandparents of many children in their neighbourhood, and their home is always open to any child who needs a hot meal or a caring word.
Q3) Describe the meaning of the term "activity theory."
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Death, Dying, and Bereavement
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/12142
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following circumstances of death would be likely to elicit the most intense grief responses,possibly including post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms?
A) an elderly parent dies in her sleep
B) a 28-year-old woman is murdered
C) a child dies after being terminally ill for many months
D) a 55-year-old man dies following his third heart attack
Q2) Hospice care emphasizes palliative care rather than curative efforts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The harvesting of body organs for organ transplants can take place when which form of death has occurred?
A) clinical death
B) respiratory death
C) brain death
D) social death
Q4) Older adults are more fearful of death than people of any age group.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe how people vary in the ways they adapt to impending death.
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