Early Childhood Education
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Early Childhood Education focuses on the development and learning processes of children from birth to age eight, examining foundational theories, teaching strategies, and the creation of supportive learning environments. This course explores the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth of young children, emphasizing the importance of play, family engagement, and culturally responsive practices. Students will gain insight into curriculum planning, observation, assessment, and best practices for fostering inclusive, developmentally appropriate experiences that promote lifelong learning and school readiness.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development An Introduction 14th Edition by John W Santrock
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16 Chapters
1915 Verified Questions
1915 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ measures are used by researchers to examine the influence of hormones on development.
A)Psychological
B)Physiological
C)Sociological
D)Emotional
Answer: B
Q2) The term "ethnic ________" refers to the use of an ethnic label,such as African American or Latino,in a superficial way that portrays an ethnic group as being more homogeneous than it really is.
A)homogenization
B)cover
C)gloss
D)standardization
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rick is a toddler with an easy temperament and active nature.People are often seen stopping to talk to him in supermarkets and parks where his mother takes him in the evenings,because he smiles willingly at other children and adults.This aspect of Rick's behavior most likely reflects a(n)
A)active genotype-environment correlation.
B)suppressive genotype-environment correlation.
C)passive genotype-environment correlation.
D)evocative genotype-environment correlation.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is the smallest entity?
A)cell
B)gene
C)gamete
D)chromosome
Answer: B
Q3) Describe the epigenetic view of development.
Answer: The epigenetic view states that development is the result of an ongoing,bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.Heredity and environment operate together-or collaborate-to produce various observable traits of a person.
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following structures of an embryo are derived from the endoderm?
A)Hair,skin,and nails
B)Muscles and bones
C)Digestive and respiratory systems
D)Nervous system
Answer: C
Q2) Frank smokes two packs of cigarettes a day.His wife,Lauren,is pregnant and the doctor is concerned that Frank's smoking will result in the baby
A)developing FASD after birth.
B)developing facial deformities.
C)having a low birth weight.
D)being born with heart defects.
Answer: C
Q3) Compare and contrast the risks of pregnancy during adolescence with the risks when mothers are over the age of 35.
Answer: Adolescent mothers: higher infant mortality rates Mothers over 35 years of age: Down syndrome,difficulty becoming pregnant,low birth weight,preterm delivery,fetal death
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5
Chapter 4: Birth
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent studies have identified all the following benefits associated with kangaroo care for infants EXCEPT
A)decreased pain.
B)more rapid weight gain.
C)increased neurological maturation.
D)increased difficulties with their homeostasis processes.
Q2) What are the long-term effects of low birth weight?
Q3) Immediately after Renée delivered her baby boy,the nurse took the baby to the doctor for an assessment of the various aspects of the newborn's functioning that may signal developmental problems.The doctor rated the newborn's heart rate,respiratory effort,body color,reflex irritability,and muscle tone on a scale of 0-2,and the cumulative rating was used to pronounce the baby healthy.The doctor is using the ________ here.
A)Apgar Scale
B)Preterm Outcome Scale
C)Denver Developmental Screening Test
D)Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
Q4) What are the drugs that are commonly used for labor?
Q5) Describe the longest stage of the birth process.
Q6) What is afterbirth? What are the events associated with afterbirth?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Benefits of breast feeding for the mother include all of the following EXCEPT
A)lower incidence of breast cancer.
B)reduction in ovarian cancer
C)reduction in type 2 diabetes.
D)lower incidence of osteoporosis.
Q2) The method used to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli is known as the ________ method.
A)stimulus generalization
B)orienting response
C)visual preference
D)high-amplitude sucking
Q3) What development changes are observed in eating behavior during the infant's first year after birth?
Q4) ________ is the perception of the frequency of a sound.
A)Loudness
B)Pitch
C)Rhythm
D)Localization
Q5) How do the sensations of hearing and vision occur?
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of child-directed speech has been associated with all the following benefits EXCEPT
A)higher vocabulary.
B)greater word production.
C)better word-processing skills.
D)gains in height and weight.
Q2) ________ involves the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
A)Semiotics
B)Syllable
C)Syntax
D)Haptics
Q3) Name the different processes delineated by Piaget to explain how children construct their understanding of the world.
Q4) ________ refers to the units of meaning involved in word formation.
A)Morphology
B)Phonology
C)Graphology
D)Philology
Q5) Distinguish between implicit and explicit memory.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When baby Jeremy's mother leaves the room,he does not cry.When she returns to the room,Jeremy does not usually reestablish contact with her and sometimes even turns his back on her.According to Mary Ainsworth,Jeremy's attachment to his mother is A)secure.
B)insecure avoidant.
C)insecure resistant.
D)insecure disorganized.
Q2) The ________ aspect is at the forefront of emotion in infancy.
A)communication
B)motivation
C)personality
D)disposition
Q3) The ________ model focuses on connections between a wide range of biological,cognitive,and socioemotional processes and often includes social contexts as well.
A)developmental cascade
B)all-inclusive developmental
C)developmental triarchic
D)monumental developmental
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fran's preschool is old and the paint contains lead and is old and chipping.Fran is now most at risk for A)ADHD.
B)obesity.
C)diabetes.
D)depression.
Q2) ________ is a test used to diagnose developmental delay in children from birth to 6 years of age through separate assessments of gross and fine motor skills,language,and personal-social ability.
A)Raven's Progressive Matrices
B)Symptom Checklist-90-R
C)Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale
D)Denver Development Screening Test II
Q3) List the development of some fine motor skills expected in a child who is 5 years old.
Q4) What is the significance of a developmentally appropriate movement curriculum?
Q5) How can caregivers enhance the likelihood that children will be safe and healthy?
Q6) List some differences between night terrors and nightmares.
Q7) What effect does increased myelination have on the child's abilities?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "That teddy bear is looking at me funny," said Vanessa.This statement is an example of A)animism.
B)centration.
C)self-concordance.
D)egocentrism.
Q2) Four-year-old Marta drew a picture with pretty lavender,purple,and blue colors intermixed with green,yellow,and brown."It's a boat on the ocean at sunset,with whales jumping all around it!" she explained to her teacher.Marta is showing clear evidence of being in the ________ substage of Piaget's preoperational stage.
A)social referencing
B)self-consciousness
C)intuitive thought
D)symbolic function
Q3) Centration leads a child to
A)focus on only one feature of an object.
B)believe in lifelike qualities of inanimate objects.
C)see things from the viewpoint of another person.
D)see multiple characteristics of an object at one time.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent research on parenting practices suggests that all of the following are related to better executive function in preschool children EXCEPT A)maternal scaffolding.
B)sensitivity.
C)support for autonomy.
D)negative emotional expression.
Q2) When Selena's mother asked her why she was upset,she said it was because her best friend's dog died.The emotion being expressed by Selena is called A)guilt.
B)empathy.
C)apathy.
D)shame.
Q3) How did Daniel Berlyne describe play?
Q4) What is child neglect?
Q5) The social role theory of gender was proposed by A)Erik Erikson.
B)Alice Eagly.
C)Sigmund Freud. D)Albert Bandura.
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Laura,a music instructor,teaches a variety of musical instruments in her school.However,she offers musical lessons only to students who are old enough to learn complicated pieces fairly quickly.Which of the following is MOST likely to be the youngest accepted age for children who are interested in learn in Laura's music school?
A)5 years
B)8 years
C)10 years
D)6 years
Q2) How is a learning difficulty identified?
Q3) Describe the contrasting behavior of cancer in children and adults.
Q4) Increased myelination of the nervous system is reflected in the improvement of ________ during middle and late childhood.
A)gross motor skills
B)immunity
C)height
D)fine motor skills
Q5) Increased myelination of the nervous system is reflected in the improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood.List some skills found in 10- to 12-year-old children.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gist refers to the central idea of the information.Which of the following theories considers gist in understanding memory?
A)elaboration theory
B)mental imagery theory
C)schema theory
D)fuzzy trace theory
Q2) A child in the preoperational stage cannot understand a family tree,but a child in the concrete operational stage can.Piaget claims that this is because a child in the concrete operational stage can
A)think abstractly.
B)classify things.
C)memorize better.
D)reason intuitively.
Q3) As one moves through school and into one's career,demands on sustained attention
A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)remain the same.
D)increase during the school years and decrease during the career years.
Q4) List a few strategies for encouraging children's creative thinking.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do girls and boys differ with regard to socioemotional development in middle and late childhood?
Q2) Candice is presented with a moral dilemma.She responds by saying that the person in the dilemma should choose a course of action that will ensure that the community as a whole will not disapprove of the person's action.Candice's response reflects Lawrence Kohlberg's ________ reasoning level of moral development.
A)preconventional
B)conventional
C)autonomous moral
D)postconventional
Q3) In Tina's classroom there is little or no collaboration with her fellow students and each day is highly structured and organized.Tina is likely being educated with the ________ approach.
A)direct instruction
B)constructivist
C)organized
D)child-centered
Q4) Distinguish between the constructive and direct instruction approaches to student learning.
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe AIDS and its treatment options.
Q2) Define puberty.
Q3) Explain the role of parents and peers in preventing adolescent drug abuse.
Q4) In the United States,approximately how many adolescent pregnancies are unintended?
A)26 percent
B)41 percent
C)64 percent
D)82 percent
Q5) Approximately what percentage of U.S.15-year-olds reported having a meaningful relationship outside of their family with a caring adult that helped them to succeed?
A)5 percent
B)20 percent
C)50 percent
D)75 percent
Q6) Briefly explain the emergence of adulthood.
Q7) Briefly explain contextual and cognitive factors related to sexual risk taking in adolescence.
Q8) What are the physical changes that occur in females during puberty?
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the top-dog phenomenon?
A)It refers to an adolescent's tendency to indulge in risk-taking behavior in order to maintain the top position among his or her peers.
B)It refers to the shock of moving from the top position in a previous school to the lowest position in the next school.
C)It refers to adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are.
D)It refers to an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility.
Q2) Studies that investigated the influence of religion among adolescents found a positive correlation between spirituality/religiosity and A)risky behavior.
B)depression.
C)well-being.
D)neuroticism.
Q3) Describe Erikson's theory in relation to identity.
Q4) What is working memory? What are the developmental changes in working memory during adolescence?
Q5) Describe the factors that make it more likely a student will cheat.
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are cliques?
Q2) In most cultures,the rite of passage is designed to A)provide adolescents an entry into their profession of choice.
B)test whether adolescents have completed the stage of puberty.
C)test whether adolescents know enough about sexuality to begin selecting mates.
D)mark the adolescent's transition to maturity and achievement of adult status.
Q3) A ________ is a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another.
A)rite of passage
B)test of identity
C)rite of image
D)test of achievement
Q4) Research suggests that heavy multitaskers are more likely to A)get more done than low multitaskers.
B)be depressed and anxious than low multitaskers.
C)show higher levels of social well-being.
D)engage in face-to-face communication.
Q5) Describe the four statuses of identity an individual can have,according to James Marcia.What basis does Marcia use for this classification?
Q6) What is identity? Describe its various aspects.
Page 18
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