Early American History Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Early American History explores the development of the United States from pre-Columbian times through the early nineteenth century. The course examines the diverse Native American societies before European contact, the impact of European colonization, and the formation of colonial societies. Key topics include the causes and consequences of the American Revolution, the creation and evolution of the Constitution, the growth of the early Republic, and the social, economic, and political changes that shaped the young nation. Students will analyze primary sources and historical interpretations to understand the complex forces that influenced early American identity and institutions.
Recommended Textbook
American Pageant Volume 1 16th Edition by
David M. Kennedy
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22 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The adoption of horses by Native American tribes such as the Sioux, Apaches and Blackfeet
A) enabled them to wage more successful wars against their enemies.
B) allowed them to travel across the vast expanse of North America, from Atlantic to Pacific.
C) transformed their cultures into wide-ranging, hunter-gather societies that roamed the Great Plains.
D) led them to shift from agriculture to ranch-based economies.
E) All of these
Answer: C
Q2) All of the following are true of the Inca, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations except they
A) had advanced agricultural practices based primarily on the cultivation of maize.
B) lacked the technology of the wheel.
C) had the use of large draft animals such as the horse and oxen.
D) built elaborate cities and carried on far-flung commerce.
E) had talented mathematicians, which allowed them to make accurate astronomical observations.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Planting of English America, 1500-1733
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Q1) The inhabitants of North Carolina were regarded by their neighbors as
A) hostile and violent.
B) too submissive to authority.
C) outcasts and irreligious.
D) far too friendly with Spain.
E) too Catholic.
Answer: C
Q2) England's defeat of the Spanish Armada
A) led to a Franco-Spanish alliance that prevented England from establishing its own American colonies.
B) allowed England to take control of Spain's American colonies.
C) demonstrated that Spanish Catholicism was inferior to English Protestantism.
D) helped to ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic.
E) occurred despite weather conditions, which favored Spain.
Answer: D
Q3) ____ South Carolina
Answer: 12
Q4) ____ Pennsylvania
Answer: 1
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Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619-1700
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Q1) ____ Salem
Answer: 4
Q2) Separatists
A) were radical Puritans.
B) were also known as Pilgrims.
C) authored the Mayflower Compact.
D) sought to reform the Church of England from within.
E) were led by John Winthrop.
Answer: A, B, C
Q3) People who flouted the authority of the Puritan clergy in Massachusetts Bay were subject to which of the following punishments?
A) Fines
B) Floggings
C) Banishment
D) Death
E) All of these
Answer: E
Q4) ____ Pennsylvania
Answer: 1
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Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth Century, 1607-1692
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Q1) The immediate reason for Bacon's Rebellion was
A) the Virginia governor's refusal to retaliate against Indian attacks on frontier settlements.
B) the wealthy planter class losing control of the colony.
C) a shortage of indentured servants.
D) to halt the importation of African slaves.
E) All of these
Q2) Assess the validity of the following statement, "democracy in church government led logically to democracy in political government."
Q3) During the Salem witchcraft trials, most of those accused as witches were
A) property-owning women.
B) from the ranks of poor families.
C) primarily un-Christian.
D) women in their late teen years.
E) from subsistence farming families.
Q4) middle passage
Q5) Identify three causes of Bacon's Rebellion.Evaluate the relative influence of the three identified political, economic, or social causes in initiating Bacon's Rebellion.
Q6) slave codes
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Chapter
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Q1) All of the following characterized "old light" clergymen except A) they were deeply skeptical of religious revivalists promoting the Great Awakening. B) they were proponents of utilizing emotionalism and theatrics in religious preaching. C) they took issue with key aspects of the stark theology of Jonathan Edwards. D) they included both Congregationalist and Presbyterian ministers.
E) they were quite uncomfortable with the religious preaching style of George Whitefield and other Great Awakening influenced ministers
Q2) old lights
Q3) Assess the extent to which the Great Awakening, an intensely religious mass movement, contributed to the breaking down of sectional boundaries, promoted religious pluralism, and facilitated a sense among Americans that they were a single people, united by a common history and shared social and cultural experiences.
Q4) Summarize the key demographic features of the American population in the early eighteenth century.Consider its sources, size, location, diversity, and social mobility.
Q5) Regulator movement
Q6) ____ Sugar and molasses
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Chapter 6: The Duel for North America, 1608-1763
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Q1) In his first military command encounter in the French and Indian War, Lieutenant Colonel George Washington
A) won a decisive and hard-fought battle for British forces at Fort Duquesne.
B) was defeated by French forces at Fort Necessity following a ten-hour siege in July 1754.
C) received strong military support and reinforcements from the British Army command and political authorities.
D) helped to force the French out of Nova Scotia.
E) displayed his twenty years of military experience to great military success.
Q2) All of the following are true about the War of Jenkins's Ear except
A) it resulted in France allying itself with Britain.
B) it began as a small scuffle between Britain and Spain in America.
C) it came to be called King George's War after merging with the War of Austrian Succession in Europe.
D) New England recruits invaded New France.
E) it resulted in Spain allying itself with Russia against France and Britain.
Q3) George Washington
Q4) Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Succession)
Q5) ____ Hudson Bay
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Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution, 1763-1775
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Q1) The Townshend Acts
A) were more vigorously protested by colonists than was the Stamp Act.
B) were designed to raise revenue to help pay the salaries of royal governors.
C) failed to produce the volume of revenue expected.
D) were repealed by Parliament.
E) were reluctantly accepted by the colonists.
Q2) The First Continental Congress was called in order to
A) consider ways of redressing colonial grievances against Britain.
B) become a legislative body.
C) write the Declaration of Independence.
D) decide which of Parliament's taxes the colonies would and would not pay.
E) help implement provisions of the Quebec Act.
Q3) As the War for Independence began, the colonies had the advantage of
A) highly reliable and well-supplied troops.
B) potential aid from the Armed Neutrality League.
C) a well-organized, strongly committed, and united population.
D) many outstanding civilian and military leaders.
E) able naval leaders.
Q4) List the following in order of their importance to colonial protest: pamphlets, boycotts, mob action, and committees of correspondence.Justify your ranking.
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Chapter 8: America Secedes from the Empire, 1775-1783
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Q1) French aid to the colonies did all of the following except
A) greatly aided America's struggle for independence.
B) was motivated by what the French considered to be their own national interests.
C) forced the British to change their military strategy in America.
D) helped them protect their own West Indies islands.
E) allowed American forces to focus only on the southern theater.
Q2) The basic principles in the Model Treaty
A) were considered old-fashioned and outdated.
B) were viewed as naive, highly idealistic, and utopian by experienced practicioners of international diplomacy in Great Britain and Europe.
C) were not popular among most enlightened figures in America.
D) held that military conflict would still determine international relations among countries.
E) infused an element of realism into American attitudes toward international affairs that proved short-sighted and inconsistent.
Q3) ____ Trenton
Q4) ____ Yorktown
Q5) ____ Philadelphia
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Q1) Which of the following represents a political compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that was incorporated into the Constitution?
A) Counting all slaves fully as a person in apportioning membership in the House
B) Short-term continuation of the foreign slave trade before Congress could abolish this controversial form of human commerce
C) Direct election of the president
D) Control of interstate commerce by the national government
E) Prohibiting states from abolishing slavery in their respective states
Q2) Continental army officers attempting to form the Society of the Cincinnati
A) were brought to trial for trying to sabotage the civil government.
B) were ridiculed for their lordly pretensions.
C) were trying to force the Congress to pay them their pensions.
D) reflected the Revolutionary War generation's spirit of equality.
E) represented the best of the officer corps.
Q3) Why didn't the framers of the Constitution extend the Revolutionary War era spirit of equality and liberty to the abolition of slavery and giving women the right to vote?
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Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800
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Q1) The aspect of Hamilton's financial program that received the least support in Congress, because of its heavy agricultural and commercial interests, was
A) funding at par.
B) assumption.
C) the National Bank.
D) a protective tariff.
E) excise taxes.
Q2) Jeffersonian Republicans believed in all of the following except
A) opposition to a national debt.
B) agriculture as the ideal occupation.
C) every adult white male's right to vote.
D) freedom of speech.
E) central authority should be kept to a minimum.
Q3) ____ Baltimore
Q4) Compare and contrast loose (broad)constructionism and strict constructionism in analyzing the scope of the constitutional powers to tax, to regulate trade, and to create the Bank of the United States.What is the textual basis of support in the Constitution for each legal viewpoint?
Q5) ____ Old Northwest
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Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic,
1800-1812
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Q1) Tecumseh argued that Indians should
A) never cede any Indian land to whites under any conditions or per any agreement with whites.
B) move west of the Mississippi River.
C) not cede control of land to whites unless all Indians agreed.
D) exchange traditional buckskin clothing for cloth garments.
E) fight as individual tribes and not as a confederacy.
Q2) Thomas Jefferson saw navies as less dangerous than armies because they
A) were generally smaller in numbers.
B) had little chance of starting a war.
C) were in less contact with foreign powers.
D) could not march inland and endanger liberties.
E) were more useful in protecting overseas trade.
Q3) Lewis and Clark demonstrated the viability of
A) travel across the isthmus of Panama.
B) an overland trail to the Pacific.
C) settlement in the southern portion of the Louisiana territory.
D) using Indian guides.
E) developing harbors on the Pacific coast.
Q4) ____ Original United States by Treaty of 1783
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Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge
of Nationalism, 1812-1824
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Q1) Democratic-Republicans opposed Senator Henry Clay's American System because
A) it favored only the South.
B) it would provide stiff competition to the Erie Canal.
C) they believed that it was unconstitutional.
D) they thought it would center more control in Washington.
E) they believed in high tariffs and high taxes.
Q2) Following the War of 1812, nationalism could be seen in all of the following except
A) the way in which American painters depicted the beauty of American landscapes.
B) the congressional defeat of an effort to revive the Bank of the United States in 1816.
C) the building of a more handsome national capital.
D) an expanded army and navy.
E) development of a national literature.
Q3) What might the president and Congress have done in 1812 to avoid war with Britain and still maintain the nation's honor?
Q4) ____ Fort McHenry
Q5) ____ Maine
Q6) ____ Missouri Territory
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy, 1824-1840
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Q1) Supporters of the Whig party included all of the following except
A) opponents of public education.
B) backers of southern states' rights.
C) large northern industrialists.
D) many evangelical Protestants.
E) backers of the American System.
Q2) The Mexican government's original grant of a huge grant land to Stephen Austin came with an understanding that these immigrants
A) become Mexican citizens.
B) be Roman Catholics.
C) not own any slaves.
D) could create and manage fully self-governing settlements.
E) could retain American citizenship and be practicing Protestants.
Q3) Why was the election of 1824 so ridden with conflict and confusion? What was at stake between the competing candidates, especially Adams and Jackson?
Q4) ____ San Jacinto
Q5) To what extent is the following statement true or false: "the Tariff of 1828 was dishonest"? Why? What purposes lay behind passage of this tariff law?
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Chapter 14: Forging the National Economy, 1790-1860
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Q1) With the development of cash-crop agriculture in the trans-Allegheny West
A) subsistence farming became common.
B) farmers began to support the idea of slave labor.
C) farmers quickly faced mounting indebtedness.
D) the South could harvest a larger crop.
E) the issue of farm surpluses came to the fore.
Q2) The influx of immigrants to the United States tripled, then quadrupled, in the
A) 1810s and 1820s.
B) 1820s and 1830s.
C) 1830s and 1840s.
D) 1840s and 1850s.
E) 1850s and 1860s.
Q3) Compare and contrast the United States with Britain and Europe in the industrialization of its economy.
Q4) The canal era of American history began in 1817 with the construction of the
A) Ontario Canal connecting New York and Canada (British North America).
B) James River and Kanasha Canal from Virginia to Ohio.
C) Wabash Canal in Indiana.
D) Suez Canal in Illinois.
E) Erie Canal in New York.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860
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Q1) The key to Oneida's financial success was
A) its move from Vermont to New York.
B) the establishment of Bible communism.
C) the manufacture of steel animal traps and silverware.
D) its tax-exempt religious status.
E) its linkage of religion to free-market capitalism.
Q2) The Oneida colony declined due to
A) widespread criticism from neighbors of its licentious "free love" sexual practices, which undermined the community's integral complex marriage system.
B) a decline in animal trapping.
C) their adoption of capitalism.
D) the loss of Noyes's leadership.
E) the meteoric rise in the cost of silver.
Q3) The leaders of the women's rights movement in the early nineteenth century included
A) Lucretia Mott.
B) Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
C) Susan B. Anthony.
D) Jane Addams.
E) Harriet Beecher Stowe.
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Q1) After 1830, the abolitionist movement took a new, more energetic tone, encouraged by the
A) success of the British abolitionists in having slavery abolished in the British West Indies.
B) religious spirit of the Second Great Awakening.
C) success of the American Colonization Society.
D) success of several southern slave insurrections.
E) widespread support for antislavery action in the North.
Q2) Even those who did not own slaves in the pre-Civil War South supported that institution because they
A) dreamed of one day owning slaves themselves.
B) presumed themselves racially superior to black slaves.
C) were always economically better off than slaves.
D) were closely related to people who did own slaves.
E) benefited from the economic growth of the region.
Q3) Based on "Varying Viewpoints," discuss the various ways in which historians have viewed the relationships between master and slave.Select one of the discussed views of the master-slave relationship that you believe most accurately and comprehensively depicts the dynamics of this relationship.Defend your analysis of the master-slave relationship.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy, 1841-1848
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Q1) In his quest for California, President James K.Polk
A) advocated war with Mexico from the beginning.
B) argued strongly for annexation, because Americans were the most numerous people in the area.
C) was motivated by his knowledge of gold deposits there.
D) sought British help to persuade Mexico to sell the area to the United States.
E) first advocated buying the area from Mexico.
Q2) Assess the validity of the following statement, "The Mexican War was a major cause of the American Civil War."
Q3) The election of 1844 was notable because
A) the campaign raised no real issues.
B) a genuine and clear mandate emerged.
C) it was fought over the issue of expansionism.
D) James K. Polk won the electoral vote but lost the popular vote.
E) Henry Clay won the popular vote but lost the electoral vote.
Q4) Texas declared its independence from Mexico in 1836.Why wasn't it annexed to the United States until 1845?
Q5) Write your definition of imperialism.Then use this definition to argue that the United States was or was not an imperialistic nation in the 1840s.
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Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-1854
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Q1) Explain the popularity of the concept of popular sovereignty in certain regions of the country as a way to resolve the issue of slavery in the territories.Which stakeholders in the slavery debate supported and which stakeholders opposed the concept of popular sovereignty to resolve the issue of slavery in the territories? Then, explain why popular sovereignty ultimately failed to resolve the debate of slavery in the territories.
Q2) The Free Soilers were most concerned that one of the adverse long-term effects of extending slavery in the western territories would
A) be an indefinite delay in the admission of western territories as states in the union.
B) cause costly wage labor to wither away and, thus, close the opportunity for the American worker to own property.
C) enable, through enhanced profits, and permit small farmers to purchase more land. D) be to undermine the moral case against slavery.
E) None of these choices are correct.
Q3) ____ Gadsden Purchase
Q4) ____ California
Q5) ____ Kansas Territory
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Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861
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Q1) Harriet Beecher Stowe was described by President Abraham Lincoln as
A) a troublemaker.
B) a radical abolitionist.
C) the woman who wrote the book that started the Civil War.
D) the force behind the Underground Railroad.
E) None of these choices are correct.
Q2) As a result of the panic of 1857, the South
A) became more economically dependent on the North.
B) became hostile to Wall Street and the stock market.
C) overconfidentlybelieved that it was now economically superior to the North.
D) stopped considering the viability of an independent southern nation.
E) saw the need to develop manufacturing.
Q3) In the election of 1860, the Constitutional Union party was formed
A) to show support for the Constitution and the decisions made by the United States Supreme Court.
B) as a middle-of-the-road party seeking to prevent the break up of the Union.
C) to help catapult the country into a Civil War.
D) as an antislavery southern party that supported Lincoln.
E) as a proslavery northern party.
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Chapter 20: Girding for War: The North and the South,
1861-1865
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Q1) At the outset of the Civil War, the South confidently anticipated that King Cotton and effective Southern diplomacy would result in European economic and military intervention on its behalf.Why didn't this economic and military intervention on behalf of the South materialize? Would such economic and military intervention by Great Britain and France made a significant difference in the outcome of the war? If so, what type of economic and military intervention would have been most helpful to the Confederacy's cause?
Q2) Explain why Britain finally decided against intervention on behalf of the Confederacy.In what ways was Britain helpful to the South anyway?
Q3) Like the North during the Civil War, the South
A) exempted the wealthy from military service.
B) experienced a high rate of desertion.
C) relied mainly on volunteer enlistments.
D) drafted men into military service.
E) used black soldiers.
Q4) Write your definition of revolution.Then use this definition to argue that the Civil War did or did not produce a revolution in the political, economic, and social life of the United States.
Page 22
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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War, 1861-1865
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Q1) ____ Atlanta
Q2) Which of the following were components of the evolving Northern strategy of total war toward the South?
A) Instituting a naval blockade of Southern coasts
B) Liberating the slaves to undercut the South economically
C) Cutting the Confederacy in half by seizing control of the Mississippi River
D) Chopping the Confederacy to pieces by sending troops through Georgia and the Carolinas
E) Try everywhere to engage the South's main strength and to grind it into submission.
Q3) Which of the following represented dangerous political opponents to President Lincoln and the Union cause during the course of the Civil War?
A) Copperheads
B) War Democrats
C) Congressman Clement L. Vallandigham
D) Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War
E) Union party
Q4) ____ Antietam
Q5) ____ Richmond
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Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865-1877
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Q1) A primary motive for the formation of the Ku Klux Klan was
A) hostility to the growing practice of interracial sexual relations and marriage.
B) anger at the corruption in Reconstruction legislatures.
C) the southern desire to instigate guerrilla warfare against the occupying U.S. Army.
D) political disenfranchisement experienced by poor whites in the South.
E) white resistance in the South to constitutional and federal legislative attempts to empower blacks politically and challenge white supremacy.
Q2) From 1878 to 1880, some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana, Texas, and Mississippi, known as "the Exodusters", were
A) black church leaders who linked emancipation to the Book of Exodus.
B) black migrants from the South to Northern cities.
C) black freedmen who left the South to seek opportunity in Kansas.
D) a political organization developed by the freedmen.
E) black homesteaders in Oklahoma and Kansas who eventually fled the dust bowl.
Q3) How did freed slaves respond to Reconstruction? How did freedom affect the economic, social, and political life of former slaves? In what ways was their freedom still incomplete?
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