Drugs, Society, and Criminal Law Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the complex relationship between drugs, society, and the criminal justice system. Students will examine the historical and contemporary context of drug use, societal attitudes towards various substances, and the development of drug laws domestically and internationally. The course analyzes the impact of drug policy on communities, law enforcement, marginalized populations, and public health. Key topics include the classification of controlled substances, criminalization and its consequences, harm reduction strategies, drug trafficking, and the debate over decriminalization and legalization. Through case studies and legal analysis, students will gain a deeper understanding of the challenges and controversies surrounding drugs in modern society and their implications within the criminal law framework.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs Behaviour and Society 2nd Canadian Edition by Carl L Hart Dr
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18 Chapters
1283 Verified Questions
1283 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Drug Use: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which Canadian survey examining trends in drug use, has been conducted every year since 2008?
A) Canadian Addiction Survey
B) Canadian Campus Survey
C) Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey
D) The National Survey of Drug use in Canada
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following describes one of the most important risk factors for drug use?
A) Having friends who use marijuana or other substances.
B) Being heavily involved in extracurricular activities.
C) Having lots of money.
D) Believing that your parents are a source of social support.
Answer: A
Q3) What has the research revealed regarding Religion and Drug Use?
Answer: In study after study, those young people who report more involvement with religion (they attend services regularly and say their religion influences how they make decisions) are less likely to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol, or use any type of illicit drug.
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3
Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Typically about half of the emergency room visits involve more than one substance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What three different principal concerns throughout the twentieth century have universally driven the development of drug laws throughout the twentieth century?
Answer: The three are: toxicity, dependence, and crime.
Q4) Describe the implications of the Positive Reinforcement Model in explaining repeated drug use.
Answer: Efforts to treat drug dependence by focusing on reducing or eliminating physical dependence (withdrawal) will have limited usefulness. Treatments also need to break the positive associations that have developed to people, objects, or situations that have been linked to drug use in the past.
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4
Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between 1969 and 1973, the Le Dain Commission produced four reports that recommended all of the following EXCEPT which one?
A) The gradual withdrawal of criminalization of illegal drugs.
B) That the possession of cannabis not be a crime.
C) The abolishment of imprisonment for possession of drugs.
D) Regulatory standards for the production and distribution of cocaine.
Answer: D
Q2) Pharmaceutical sales in Canada account what percent of the global market?
A) 1%
B) 2%
C) 3%
D) More 4%
Answer: C
Q3) If you are seeking to live in a country where Marijuana has received approval as a therapeutic drug you will find that Mexico is the only country that does.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drug molecules must be somewhat lipophilic (soluble in oil) in order to do what?
A) Readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
B) Influence the sympathetic branch.
C) Inhibit firing rates of neurons.
D) Block serotonin synthesis.
Q2) Which of these is NOT one of the four important regions found in every neuron?
A) Cell body
B) Dendrites
C) Axon
D) Glia
Q3) What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?
Q4) The club drug GHB is a close chemical relative of which neurotransmitter?
A) Dopamine.
B) Serotonin.
C) Norepinephrine.
D) GABA.
Q5) Many neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the type of receptor.
A)True
B)False
6
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea of a safety margin for a particular drug is based on what idea?
A) Toxic doses will typically be larger than therapeutic doses.
B) Most drugs cause toxicity problems only when combined with other drugs.
C) We need to determine an LD<sub>50</sub> using human volunteers.
D) We should only prescribe drugs that are not toxic even at high doses.
Q2) With increasing doses of any useful drug what is there usually an increase in the number and severity of?
A) Side effects
B) Beneficial effects
C) Placebo effects
D) Effects on the stomach
Q3) A drug's potency is defined in terms of how great an effect it can produce.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Jarrod's doctor recommend which of the following route of administration to him quite smoking?
A) A daily nicotine pill
B) A topical application
C) An intramuscular injection
D) Subcutaneous injections
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Stimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) How long has the process for making illicit methamphetamine been on the streets?
A) Since 2002.
B) Since the 1930s.
C) Since the 1960s.
D) Since the early 1990s.
Q2) Where in Canada does the largest proportion of smuggled cocaine enter?
Q3) Sigmund Freud was always opposed to the use of cocaine for treating psychiatric conditions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Use of cocaine during pregnancy has been clearly linked to many kinds of birth defects and mental retardation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following best describes cocaine?
A) An annual plant that grows to approximately half a meter high.
B) A blackthorn bush that grows to two or three meters high.
C) A small deciduous tree that grows between three and four meters high.
D) A coniferous shrub that grown only one meter in height.
Q6) During the 1950s and early 1960s, why were amphetamines prescribed?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Other Depressants and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is NOT one of the early sedative-hypnotics used in medicine?
A) Chloral hydrate
B) Paraldehyde
C) Butyrate
D) Bromide salts
Q2) What have animal self-administration experiments and studies of drug choice among humans indicated?
A) Benzodiazepines have no dependence liability.
B) Rats and people are very different in the drugs they choose to self-administer.
C) Short-acting barbiturates are more likely to lead to dependence than any of the benzodiazepines.
D) All of the benzodiazepines have high dependence liability.
Q3) Discuss the use of benzodiazepines to treat anxiety disorders. Discuss how widely they are prescribed, and what alternative treatments are available.
Q4) When barbiturates were the most popular sedative-hypnotics, low doses of the long-acting types were used as sleeping pills.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Psychotherapeutic Drugs: Medication for Mental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was Prozac's initial purpose?
A) Tricyclic antidepressant.
B) MAO inhibitor.
C) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).
D) Anti-manic drug.
Q2) The first antipsychotic drugs called phenothiazines were introduced in the 1950s.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following describes bipolar disorder?
A) Reoccurring panic attacks
B) Agoraphobia
C) Posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology
D) Alternating periods of mania and depression
Q4) Mental illness is the third leading cause of human disability and premature death in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the three factors that slowed the acceptance of lithium in the U.S.
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Q6) Explain the arguments for and against prescriptive licensing for psychologists.
Chapter 9: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which was the last province in Canada to repeal prohibition in 1948?
A) New Brunswick
B) Nova Scotia
C) Ontario
D) Prince Edward Island
Q2) Although in Canada and the U.S. the prohibition of alcohol did reduce alcohol-related deaths and hospitalizations, prohibition in the U.S. was repealed partly because of the growth of organized crime and partly because of which of the following?
A) There was a widespread movement toward individual freedoms.
B) There was a desire to reduce income taxes.
C) There were too many illegal drinkers elected to Congress.
D) The abundance of lobbying efforts from the liquor industry.
Q3) Moosehead Breweries is the largest Canadian-owned brewer and controls what percent of the Canadian beer market?
A) 1.5%
B) 5.5%
C) 10.5%
D) 15.5%
Q4) Describe how Canadian and Scotch whiskies are different than American whiskey.
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many students out of the 300,000 youth who began to smoke as a result of exposure to onscreen tobacco use did the World Health Organization and Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada recognize?
A) 50,000
B) 90,000
C) 130,000
D) 195,000
Q2) Discuss the issue of second-hand smoke and the restrictions on smoking in public places. Include your own opinion about the fairness of such regulations, but be sure to include information about the effects of second-hand smoke on nonsmokers, both in homes and the workplace.
Q3) What has been the biggest health concern for users of smokeless tobacco?
A) Cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
B) High blood pressure
C) Lung cancer
D) Liver disease
Q4) Nicotine gum was made available in Canada on a prescription basis in 1960.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Caffeine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coffee houses first began appearing in which two countries?
A) Indonesia and Thailand
B) England and France
C) Brazil and Vietnam
D) Chile and England
Q2) Virtually all coffee is made from two species. Which statement describes the Arabica bean?
A) Arabica beans have a milder flavour and take longer to develop after planting.
B) Arabica beans have a milder flavour and are quick to develop after planting.
C) Arabica beans have a stronger flavour and take longer to develop after planting.
D) Arabica beans have a stronger flavour and are quick to develop after planting.
Q3) A 12-oz. Mountain Dew in Canada contains more caffeine than a Coca-Cola Classic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There are no consistent documented withdrawal symptoms of caffeine.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Natural Health Products and
Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Schedule II drugs can be sold without a prescription but must be kept behind the counter.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There has been some reported abuse by young people of products containing _________, which they take in high doses to produce visual and auditory hallucinations.
A) caffeine
B) acetaminophen
C) chlorpheniramine maleate
D) dextromethorphan
Q3) Besides analgesia (pain relief), what is another important effect of aspirin?
A) It is an antipyretic (reduces fever).
B) It is a coagulant (helps blood to clot).
C) It is an antihypertensive (lowers blood pressure).
D) It is an anaesthetic.
Q4) Because we now know so much about the mechanisms involved in the common cold we can be very specific and need only treat with an analgesic.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Naloxone and naltrexone are natural brain chemicals that have effects similar to morphine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following describes mu, kappa, and delta?
A) Three types of opioid receptor found in the brain.
B) Three classes of natural brain chemicals that have effects similar to morphine.
C) Enzymes in the brain that convert morphine into its active form.
D) Three chemical classes of synthetic prescription opioids.
Q3) Long-term use of opioid drugs has been clearly shown to damage both the liver and the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Insite was an experiment in population health, as such what specifically was it granted and why?
Q5) Antitussive is a medication used to suppress or relieve coughing.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the sequence of appearance of some of the Abstinence Syndrome Symptoms.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Hallucinogens
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following describe the Amanita muscaria mushroom EXCEPT which one?
A) Older literature suggests eating it can result in raving drunkenness, with agitation, and vivid hallucinations
B) One of the most common poisonous mushrooms found in forests around the world
C) One of the rarest poisonous mushrooms found only in the Himalaya mountains
D) Older literature suggests eating it can result in severe effects of intoxication, such as muscular twitching
Q2) Distinguish between the phantastica and the deliriants, and give some examples of each.
Q3) What is an indole?
Q4) What was the profession/role of the first to report on the psychological effect of LSD?
A) Harvard psychologist
B) A Swiss chemist
C) A Viennese physician
D) Spiritual worshippers
Q5) MDMA (Ecstasy) is a close chemical relative of methamphetamine.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What position is the Canadian government considering regarding Salvia divinorum?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Cannabis
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is dronabinol (Marinol) sold in both Canada and the U.S.?
A) As a cannabis antagonist
B) As an effective treatment for cannabis dependence
C) As a capsule containing THC
D) As an appetite enhancer
Q2) What are the effects of cannabis in the treatment of anxiety and depression?
Q3) Most of the resin is in which part of the cannabis plant?
A) Root
B) Leaves
C) Stems
D) Flowering tops
Q4) In which year did the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations come into force?
A) 2007
B) 2008
C) 2011
D) 2013
Q5) What are the male reproductive effects of smoking marijuana?
Q6) Describe the History of Cannabis Policy in Canada.
Q7) What are the known reproductive effects of marijuana use?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the role of human growth hormone on the human body and potential problems.
Q2) Anabolic steroids are controlled substances in Canada, listed under Schedule IV of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. As such what does this mean?
A) They must be removed from dietary supplements and are prescription-only drugs
B) They cannot be sold in Canada and it is illegal to buy or sell them
C) They are listed as controlled substances, with limited prescription refills
D) They are required to be accurately labeled when they are sold to the public
Q3) Which sport was the target of an article published by Jack Swarbick which provided tips for athletes on how to avoid being disqualified for using banned substances?
A) Boxing
B) Cycling
C) Gymnastics
D) Running sports
Q4) When applied to a drug, the word ergogenic means "energy-producing."
A)True
B)False
Q5) What evidence exists today that described the effects of creatine?
Q6) Describe why the powdered hooves of an ass were used historically.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) The textbook pointed out that drug prevention and drug ________ might have different goals and use different approaches.
A) education
B) mitigation
C) interdiction
D) demand reduction
Q2) Drug education programs are designed to reduce drug use.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The social influence model grew out of a 1976 paper describing a successful prevention approach aimed at what?
A) Bullying
B) Binge drinking
C) Early sexual involvement
D) Cigarette smoking
Q4) The Social Influence Model was first developed in a prison setting with former heroin users.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Treating Substance Abuse and Dependence
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have been instructed to treat Tom who is an alcoholic with an aversion therapy drug; which one will you choose?
A) Naltrexone
B) Buspirone
C) Disulfiram
D) Acamprosate
Q2) What medications are used in treating people diagnosed with opioid dependence, and how does each of these work?
Q3) Describe the process and goals of motivational enhancement therapy. Be sure to include the concept of denial and also stages of change in your answer.
Q4) If Mathew lacks the serious goal to undergo change in the foreseeable future, then in which of the following stage of change is he in?
A) Acceptance
B) Denial
C) Precontemplation
D) Preparation
Q5) In Nova Scotia, which substance was identified as creating the greatest financial burden?
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