Drugs and Society
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Drugs and Society explores the complex relationship between drugs, individuals, and the broader social context. The course examines the history, cultural significance, and legal frameworks surrounding various psychoactive substances, both legal and illegal. It analyzes the social, economic, and political factors that influence drug use, abuse, and policy, while considering the roles of media, public perception, and health institutions. Students gain a deeper understanding of addiction, prevention, treatment approaches, and debates over decriminalization and legalization, with case studies highlighting global and local perspectives on drug-related issues.
Recommended Textbook Drugs Society and Human Behavior 15th Edition by Carl
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Page 2
Hart
Chapter 1: Drug Use: an Overview
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Q1) An example of a longitudinal study of drug use would be
A)surveying high-school seniors every year.
B)following each individual throughout the entire day.
C)sampling drug use from different parts of the country.
D)following the same group of people at intervals over several months or years.
Answer: D
Q2) One of the general principles of psychoactive drugs is that "every drug has ____________."
A)effects on the heart
B)impurities
C)multiple effects
D)a key to some part of the mind
Answer: C
Q3) The use of a substance in a manner,amounts,or situations such that the drug causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring is
A)addiction.
B)dependence.
C)abuse.
D)deviance.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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Q1) The data suggest that marijuana use increases the likelihood of a person committing a violent crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Those who are diagnosed with a personality disorder,such as antisocial personality disorder,
A)have an increased likelihood of also having a substance use disorder.
B)are neither more nor less likely to have a substance use disorder.
C)are actually less likely to be dependent on a substance.
D)are often given stimulant drugs as a treatment for the personality disorder.
Answer: A
Q3) Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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Q1) The 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act required drug manufacturers to prove that their drugs were an effective treatment for some diseases.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In the early 1800s,_____________ was the medical doctor's most reliable and effective medicine that was used for a variety of conditions,but mainly for pain relief.
A)alcohol
B)marijuana
C)barbiturates
D)opium
Answer: D
Q3) The U.S.federal government's budget for "drug control"
A)reached $1 million last year.
B)is over $100 billion.
C)about $26 billion.
D)has decreased gradually over the past 6 years.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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Q1) The actions of drugs on neurotransmitter systems can be divided into two main types.What are they?
Q2) Which of these is NOT one of the four important regions found in every neuron?
A)cell body
B)dendrites
C)axon
D)glia
Q3) Parkinson's disease produces tremors and muscular rigidity because of damage to A)acetylcholine neurons in the parasympathetic branch.
B)dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway.
C)norepinephrine neurons in the locus ceruleus.
D)the blood-brain barrier.
Q4) Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and other opium-derived drugs are called A)amphetamines.
B)depressants.
C)endorphins.
D)ecstasy.
Q5) Describe the structure of a neuron.
Q6) What are the steps involved in the life cycle of a neurotransmitter?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Q1) Some drugs may act on all types of neurons by
A)blocking all receptor types.
B)interfering with metabolism.
C)preventing absorption of nutrients.
D)altering the electrical potential across the cell membrane.
Q2) Among the psychoactive drugs,alcohol can be classified as a(n)
A)stimulant.
B)opioid.
C)hallucinogen.
D)depressant.
Q3) The story of the Michigan police officer who ate marijuana-laced brownies and then called 911,is a good illustration of which basic psychopharmacology fact?
A)Drug laws only apply to those outside of law enforcement.
B)Marijuana produces paranoia in the majority of users.
C)The oral route of administration produces the fastest onset of effects.
D)Different routes of administration can producing markedly different drug effects.
Q4) There are many different routes by which drugs can be administered.Describe the pros and cons of the oral route versus the intravenous route.
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Chapter 6: Stimulants
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Q1) The most common way cocaine is used recreationally is by A)intravenous injection.
B)insufflation (snorting).
C)mixing it with alcoholic beverages and drinking it.
D)smoking crack.
Q2) Explain the three consequences for the drug scene from the tightening of restrictions on amphetamines in the 1960s and 1970s.
Q3) Illicit use of intravenous amphetamines first became a big public concern in A)2002.
B)the 1930s.
C)the 1960s.
D)the early 1990s.
Q4) The use of cocaine by members of the general public in Europe was initially in the form of
A)coca powder.
B)pills.
C)drinks,such as coca wine.
D)cigarettes.
Q5) Explain the different preparations of cocaine and how they are used.
Q6) Explain why the dependence potential of cocaine was unrecognized for many years.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Depressants and Inhalants
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Q1) Inhalant use has traditionally been more common among A)poor Hispanic and Native American youth.
B)middle-class white children.
C)middle-class black children.
D)construction workers.
Q2) Sedative-hypnotic agents bind to which receptors in the brain?
A)glutamate
B)GHB
C)serotonin
D)GABA
Q3) Among the sedative-hypnotic drugs,short-acting barbiturates seem to be the most likely to lead to drug dependence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sodium pentathol is long-acting barbiturate used to treat insomnia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) GHB has been used for several purposes.Describe its recent history of various medical and recreational uses and its status as a controlled substance.
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Chapter 8: Medication for Mental Disorders
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Q1) Discuss the three factors that slowed the acceptance of lithium in the U.S.
Q2) version of the American Psychiatric Association's classification system for mental disorders is called the
A)Physician's Desk Reference (PDR).
B)Merck Manual.
C)DSM-IV-TR.
D)Treatment Guide.
Q3) Current theories of the antidepressant action of drugs focus less on the initial biochemical effects of the drugs and more on the A)patient's personality.
B)levels of brain serotonin.
C)electrical potential of the membrane.
D)delayed reaction of the neurons to repeated drug exposure.
Q4) One side effect common with the older antipsychotics,but less common with the newer ones,is
A)pseudoparkinsonism.
B)positive symptoms.
C)a lag period.
D)MAO inhibition.
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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Q1) Scientific evidence supports both parts of Shakespeare's 400-year-old statement concerning alcohol and sex: "It provokes the desire,but it takes away the performance."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe some of the factors that influence blood alcohol concentration when drinking alcoholic beverages.
Q3) Describe general patterns and trends in alcohol consumption in the U.S.About what proportion of adults are current drinkers? How is this affected by such factors as religion,ethnicity,and region of the country? How has per capita alcohol consumption changed in the past 30 years?
Q4) Describe the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Q5) In a typical person,intoxication to the point of staggering and greatly impaired sensory perception occurs at about what BAC?
A)0.05 percent
B)0.10 percent
C)0.25 percent
D)0.40 percent
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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Q1) The biggest health concern for users of smokeless tobacco has been
A)cancer of the mouth,pharynx,and esophagus.
B)high blood pressure.
C)lung cancer.
D)liver disease.
Q2) Nicotine acts in the brain to first stimulate and then block several nicotinic subtypes of cholinergic receptor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) New battery-powered electronic cigarettes (i.e.,tobacco-less nicotine delivery systems)are quickly becoming one the largest U.S.exports.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The possibility of FDA regulation of tobacco products has been an ongoing topic since at least the early 1990s.Why do some think the FDA should regulate tobacco products,and what have been some of the issues that complicate how they might do this?
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Chapter 11: Caffeine
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Q1) Compare caffeinism and the possible Caffeine-Dependence Syndrome.
Q2) Caffeine has been shown to be an effective treatment for A)migraine headaches.
B)anxiety.
C)narcolepsy.
D)panic disorder.
Q3) In 1909,the FDA seized some Coca-Cola syrup and filed charges against the company partly because
A)the syrup contained cocaine.
B)the syrup formula was secret.
C)of the toxins in kola nuts.
D)the syrup contained caffeine.
Q4) Most American coffee comes from China.
A)True
B)False
Q5) According to current FDA rules on "cola" drinks,
A)they must contain at least 50 mg of caffeine.
B)the label must state how much caffeine is included.
C)they cannot contain more than 6 mg caffeine per ounce.
D)they must all contain exactly 44 mg caffeine per 12 oz.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Dietary Supplements and Over The Counter Drugs
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Q1) SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine)is a dietary supplement that has some research support for its possible use in treating A)impotence.
B)depression.
C)Parkinson's disease.
D)diabetes.
Q2) What dietary supplement ingredient has been tested for its ability to improve memory in Alzheimer's disease,but has produced only small and unreliable improvements in published research?
A)lobelia
B)androstenedione
C)Ginkgo biloba
D)St.John's wort
Q3) Why is it important for you as a consumer to know whether a product you find on the shelf in your pharmacy is being sold as an OTC drug or as a dietary supplement?
Q4) The evidence indicates that many dietary supplements enhance male sexual performance.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Opioids
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Q1) The earliest recorded use of opium as a medicine was probably by
A)the British,around 1600 AD.
B)Portuguese explorers,around 1400 AD.
C)Egyptians,around 1500 BC.
D)Romans,around 600 AD.
Q2) The Opium War of 1839-1842 resulted,among other things,in
A)the Chinese being allowed to continue to ship opium to India.
B)American ships being prevented from trading with China for many years.
C)the destruction of all poppy fields in Turkey.
D)the island of Hong Kong becoming a British possession.
Q3) By the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century,a greater percentage of Americans were dependent on opioids than at any time before or since.Opium smoking and medical use of injected pure morphine were important contributors to this,along with A)intravenous use of heroin.
B)the growth of organized crime syndicates.
C)patent medicines containing opium extracts or morphine.
D)alcohol prohibition.
Q4) Describe how both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement contribute to the development of dependence on opioid drugs.
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Chapter 14: Psychedelics
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Q1) When evaluating drug-related data from animal studies,which of these questions should be asked?
A)Was the dosing regimen used similar to that used by humans?
B)Was the route of administration similar to that used by humans?
C)Was the drug self-administered by the animal?
D)All of the above.
Q2) Besides hallucinations,mescaline also produces A)sedation and drowsiness.
B)analgesia.
C)hunger and thirst.
D)pupil dilation and increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Q3) MDMA (Ecstasy)is a close chemical relative of methamphetamine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain why PCP was thought to be a useful anesthetic and why this use failed to be practical for humans.
Q5) Anticholinergic plants like datura have potent psychological effects but are not very dangerous physiologically.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Cannabis
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Q1) Which of the following has NOT been found as an effect of regular marijuana use?
A)Decreased testosterone levels in men.
B)Decreased sperm counts in men.
C)Increased testosterone levels in men.
D)Increased heart rate in men and women.
Q2) The primary active ingredient in marijuana is delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
A)True B)False
Q3) Tolerance to the effects of smoked marijuana
A)allows experienced marijuana users to obtain euphoric effects with minimal cognitive impairment.
B)has not been reliably found for any of marijuana's effects.
C)is so powerful that chronic users must smoke more and more to attain less and less euphoria.
D)is very rapid,such that it is almost impossible to get high again within a few days after smoking.
Q4) According to recent data,marijuana is a clear cause of psychosis.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Q1) Small amounts of the stimulant,caffeine,are allowed in most sports.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Laboratory studies of endurance on stationary bicycles have found that caffeine
A)can significantly improve work output at doses of 300-500 mg.
B)can double endurance at 80 mg,the amount in a can of Red Bull.
C)does not appear to improve performance.
D)does not work as well as it did in studies of marathon runners.
Q3) Rather than testosterone,athletes prefer to use more selective androgenic steroids.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Clenbuterol was first detected in Olympic athletes in 1992.Originally developed as a bronchodilator for treating asthma,this drug is
A)an anabolic steroid
B)a beta-2 agonist.
C)a serotonin agonist.
D)a derivative of strychnine.
Q5) Describe the development and current state of drug testing in Olympic competition.
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Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Q1) The Montana Meth Project,an ad campaign that exaggerates the effects of methamphetamine,has been shown to clearly reduce methamphetamine use.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Primary prevention programs are aimed at A)elderly patients that may need medication assistance.
B)adolescents who require substance abuse treatment.
C)young people who have not tried drugs.
D)addicts that require prevention or follow up.
Q3) One study of the Life Skills Training program found significantly lower use of A)marijuana
B)alcohol
C)tobacco
D)all of the above
Q4) The "Drug-Free Schools" approach has a big focus on drug laws and school policies,supporting the idea that illicit drug use is wrong and harmful.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter
Possible, and Whats Feasible
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Q1) Before we can evaluate the success of a drug treatment program,we have to understand the program's
A)administrative structure.
B)training requirements.
C)goals.
D)theoretical approach.
Q2) What medications are used in treating people diagnosed with alcohol dependence,and how does each of these work?
Q3) What medications are used in treating people diagnosed with opioid dependence,and how does each of these work?
Q4) The DSM-IV-TR provides diagnostic criteria for substance dependence and substance abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Giving the user rewards for drug-free urine samples
A)doesn't work very well.
B)is a form of contingency management.
C)is a common technique in 12-step programs.
D)is based on the "stages of change" model.
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