Drugs and Crime Question Bank - 718 Verified Questions

Drugs and Crime Question Bank

Course Introduction

This course explores the complex relationship between drug use, drug policy, and crime in contemporary society. Students will examine the historical context of drug prohibition, the sociological and criminological theories explaining drug-related offenses, and the impact of drug enforcement strategies on individuals and communities. Emphasis is placed on understanding the interplay between substance use disorders, criminal behavior, the criminal justice response, and broader social issues such as race, class, and public health. Through case studies and policy analysis, students will critically assess current approaches to drug control and consider alternative models for reducing drug-related crime and harm.

Recommended Textbook Drugs Society and Human Behavior 16th Edition by Hart

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18 Chapters

718 Verified Questions

718 Flashcards

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Chapter 1: Drug Use: An Overview

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Sample Questions

Q1) Some drugs have the effect that,every time you take the drug,you increase slightly the probability that you will take it again.This process is referred to as

A)reinforcement.

B)altered perception.

C)deviant drug use.

D)drug misuse.

Answer: A

Q2) Being willing to fight seems to be an important protective factor against substance use.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q3) Discuss how personality variables relate to substance use.

Answer: Most large surveys find little or no relationship to most personality measures,such as self-esteem.The most consistent correlations have been found for impulsivity.Bonus: distinguishing between studies of rates of use in the general population vs.comparisons with dependent users,with both impulsivity and personality disorders more strongly associated with dependence/abuse.

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3

Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem

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Sample Questions

Q1) When repeated exposure to the same dose of a drug results in a lesser effect,this is called

A)acute toxicity.

B)dependence.

C)vaccination.

D)tolerance.

Answer: D

Q2) In an annual study done by the U.S.Justice Department,people arrested for various crimes are given urine tests to detect the presence of drugs.In 2012,about ____ percent of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug.

A)100

B)between 60 and 80

C)0

D)between 10 and 30

Answer: B

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Chapter 3: Drug Policy

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Sample Questions

Q1) can result from conviction

A)only for sale of "dealer" quantities of crack cocaine.

B)for possession of small amounts of a controlled substance.

C)for using a controlled substance,but this only applies to cocaine or heroin.

D)for advocating the legalization of drugs.

Answer: B

Q2) The Harrison Act of 1914 made it illegal to possess or use heroin or marijuana.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q3) Why was the 18^th Amendment prohibiting alcohol such an important influence on the federal approach to regulating opioids and cocaine?

Answer: The Narcotics Division in the Treasury department had been small and focused mainly on opium smuggling.Prohibition created a larger enforcement arm within Treasury,and Narcotics was placed under that.This agency now took a "prohibition" approach to narcotics,trying to prevent users from getting them.They closed down treatment clinics and arrested many physicians and pharmacists who supplied drugs to dependent users.Bonus: This was not due to a change in drug laws,but to a restructuring of the bureaucracy.

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Page 5

Chapter 4: The Nervous System

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Sample Questions

Q1) Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in the A)brainstem.

B)frontal lobe.

C)cerebellum.

D)pituitary gland.

Q2) channels,which is the mechanism that leads to A)CNS stimulation.

B)increased heart rate.

C)local anesthetic effects.

D)cocaine dependence.

Q3) The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is A)serotonin.

B)dopamine.

C)norepinephrine.

D)GABA.

Q4) MRI and PET are two types of neurotransmitter chemicals. A)True

B)False

Q5) What are the steps involved in the life cycle of a neurotransmitter?

Page 6

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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs

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Sample Questions

Q1) After oral administration,most absorption of the drug molecules takes place in the A)small intestine.

B)kidneys.

C)heart.

D)lower bowel.

Q2) Marijuana and heroin are both considered to be opioid drugs.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The most common way for drug molecules to be deactivated is by

A)CYP450 enzymes in the liver.

B)protein binding.

C)elimination through the bowel.

D)reuptake.

Q4) ,and coma to illustrate

A)how different drugs have different effects.

B)that different drug-related effects can have different thresholds.

C)the placebo effect.

D)the grapefruit-juice effect.

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Chapter 6: Stimulants

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Sample Questions

Q1) When laboratory animals are given unlimited opportunities to self-administer cocaine injection

A)most eventually become bored with it and stop taking it.

B)they become completely tolerant to it and it loses its effect.

C)they only inject enough to keep themselves awake.

D)they will readily self-administer it.

Q2) Cocaine's effects in the brain

A)result from blocking serotonin reuptake.

B)result from blocking dopamine reuptake.

C)result from blocking norepinephrine reuptake.

D)all of the above.

Q3) The most common way cocaine is used recreationally is by

A)intravenous injection.

B)insufflation (snorting).

C)mixing it with alcoholic beverages and drinking it.

D)smoking crack.

Q4) The structure of the cocaine molecule closely resembles the dopamine molecule.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Explain why the addiction potential of cocaine was unrecognized for many years.

Page 8

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Chapter 7: Depressants and Inhalants

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Sample Questions

Q1) is:

A)an older sleeping pill that is no longer marketed.

B)an intermediate-acting barbiturate.

C)not a benzodiazepine chemically,but it has similar effects.

D)a long-acting benzodiazepine.

Q2) were the first widely sold

A)benzodiazepines.

B)barbiturates.

C)methaqualones.

D)sedatives.

Q3) The modern era of abuse of volatile solvents by young people can be traced to a 1959 newspaper report of

A)gasoline huffing.

B)glue sniffing.

C)lead paint poisoning.

D)nitrite abuse.

Q4) is a Schedule I controlled substance.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 8: Medication for Mental Disorders

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Sample Questions

Q1) Discuss the three factors that slowed the acceptance of lithium in the U.S.

Q2) Phenothiazines and neuroleptics were terms used to describe the early forms of A)antipsychotics.

B)shock therapy.

C)antidepressants.

D)anticonvulsants.

Q3) Explain the danger associated with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors.

Q4) A patient presents with these symptoms: irrational beliefs,incoherent speech,and a severe lack of emotional response.He has had these symptoms for over 9 months and they interfere with his social function.He would most likely be diagnosed with _______ and treated with __________.

A)schizophrenia;aripiprazole

B)schizophrenia;paroxetine

C)bipolar disorder;lithium

D)bipolar disorder;amphetamine

Q5) Tricyclic antidepressants work by

A)blocking acetylcholine receptors.

B)blocking D2 dopamine receptors.

C)inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin.

D)inhibiting metabolism of GABA.

Page 10

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Chapter 9: Alcohol

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Sample Questions

Q1) National prohibition of alcohol sales in the U.S.from 1920-1933 reduced alcohol-related hospitalizations and deaths,and apparently reduced overall per capita consumption of alcohol.

A)True

B)False

Q2) In the U.S.,national prohibition of alcohol sales was in effect from

A)1851 to 1855.

B)1880 to 1889.

C)1920 to 1933.

D)1860 to 1940.

Q3) Over one thousand people die in the U.S.each year from alcohol overdose.It is particularly dangerous to A)mix beer and hard liquor.

B)begin drinking again after vomiting.

C)drink wine with a meal.

D)combine alcohol and caffeine.

Q4) The alcohol concentration of most wines is about 40 percent.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Describe the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Page 11

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Chapter 10: Tobacco

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Sample Questions

Q1) As a potent poison,nicotine causes death by

A)stopping the heart.

B)paralysis of respiration muscles.

C)constricting blood vessels in the brain.

D)increasing blood pressure until a stroke occurs.

Q2) The major commercial species of Nicotiana that is grown for tobacco products is

A)Nicotiana rustica.

B)Nicotiana indica.

C)Nicotiana tobacum.

D)Nicotiana sinensis.

Q3) Per capita sales of cigarettes in the U.S.started to decrease in 1990.

A)True

B)False

Q4) are quickly becoming one the largest U.S.exports.

A)True

B)False

Q5) The FDA has regulated nicotine content of cigarettes since 1964. A)True

B)False

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Chapter 11: Caffeine

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Sample Questions

Q1) The unique xanthine in chocolate is A)hysocine.

B)diphenhydramine.

C)theobromine.

D)methylene chloride.

Q2) Large doses of caffeine have been shown to produce panic attacks in individuals with a history of panic disorder.

A)True

B)False

Q3) There are no consistent documented withdrawal symptoms from caffeine. A)True

B)False

Q4) The xanthine found in tea that is prescribed for asthma is called robusta. A)True

B)False

Q5) Caffeine works in the brain by

A)stimulating dopamine release.

B)interfering with glutamate release.

C)blocking serotonin receptors.

D)blocking adenosine receptors.

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Sample Questions

Q1) The only active ingredient the FDA allows in OTC stimulants is A)ephedrine.

B)dextroamphetamine.

C)PPA.

D)caffeine.

Q2) The acronym GRAS stands for

A)generally regarded as secure.

B)generally recognized as significant.

C)generally recognized as safe.

D)generally regarded as sound.

Q3) The main proposed use for St.John's wort has been for treating depression. A)True

B)False

Q4) The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act

A)requires manufacturers of dietary supplements to demonstrate safety and efficacy before marketing their products.

B)directed the FDA to remove ephedra products from the market.

C)expanded the definition of dietary supplements and restricted the FDA's regulatory authority over them.

D)outlawed multi-level marketing schemes for sales of dietary supplements.

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Chapter 13: Opioids

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Sample Questions

Q1) The two major active chemicals in opium are

A)morphine and codeine.

B)heroin and cocaine.

C)paregoric and laudanum.

D)meperidine and oxycodone.

Q2) Heroin became the drug of choice for many opioid users

A)around 1900,because it could be injected.

B)during the 1920s,because it was easier to smuggle the small amounts needed for an effective dose.

C)during World War II,when supplies of raw opium were cut off.

D)in the 1960s,because users believed that it was more pure than other opioids.

Q3) Heroin was originally a brand name for diacetylmorphine,manufactured by Bayer laboratories.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Naloxone and nalorphine are endogenous chemicals that have effects similar to morphine.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 14: Hallucinogens

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Sample Questions

Q1) Peace pill and angel dust have been street names for A)DMT.

B)psilocybin.

C)pethamphetamine.

D)PCP.

Q2) is a close chemical relative of methamphetamine.

A)True

B)False

Q3) PCP was patented as Sernyl and first tested as A)a treatment for alcohol dependence.

B)a calming agent for nervous pets.

C)a dissociative anesthetic.

D)an antidepressant.

Q4) Give some examples of the use of hallucinogenic plants or drugs in connection with religious practices.

Q5) A close relative of LSD,d-lysergic acid amide,is found naturally in A)morning glories and Hawaiian baby woodroses. B)peyote cactus. C)henbane.

D)opium poppies.

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Chapter 15: Marijuana

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Sample Questions

Q1) The 70 chemicals that are known to be unique to the cannabis plant are called A)cannabinoids.

B)THIQs.

C)opioids.

D)butyrates.

Q2) Although regular marijuana smokers often show a slowing of cognitive processing,evidence for negative acute cognitive effects is less dramatic than it is for infrequent users.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Explain the possible panic reaction related to marijuana and recommended methods to decrease such a reaction.

Q4) ,which

A)is a cannabis antagonist.

B)is an effective treatment for cannabis dependence.

C)is a capsule containing THC.

D)reduces appetite.

Q5) CB1 receptors are found mainly outside the brain in immune cells.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs

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Sample Questions

Q1) According to Major League Baseball records of the number of ADHD exemptions granted to players,it would seem that the prevalence of ADHD in baseball is double the prevalence in the general population.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Stimulant drugs like caffeine,amphetamines,and cocaine are sometimes considered to increase energy output and are,therefore,called __________ drugs.

A)androgenic

B)pharmacokinetic

C)ergogenic

D)tachyphylaxis

Q3) We have had scientific evidence of the effectiveness of amphetamines in enhancing athletic performance for about 50 years.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Rather than testosterone,athletes prefer to use more selective androgenic steroids.

A)True

B)False

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Page 18

Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of these is NOT one of the Institute of Medicine's classifications for prevention programs?

A)affective prevention

B)universal prevention

C)selective prevention

D)indicated prevention

Q2) Discuss the goals and approaches that distinguish drug education programs from drug prevention programs.

Q3) The Social Influence Model was first developed in a prison setting with former heroin users.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Project ALERT and Life Skills Training were included as examples of A)programs that work.

B)values clarification programs.

C)knowledge-attitudes-behavior approaches.

D)ineffective and outdated approaches.

Q5) Drug use and abuse is a relatively recent development in our society. A)True B)False

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Chapter 18: Treating Substance Use Disorders

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Sample Questions

Q1) Varenicline,approved in 2006 for smoking cessation

A)is also used as an antidepressant.

B)is an opioid antagonist.

C)is a partial nicotinic-receptor antagonist.

D)blocks the metabolism of nicotine.

Q2) Give a brief description of the Alcoholics Anonymous approach to "treating" alcohol-addicted people including some of the underlying philosophy.What do we know about the effectiveness of this approach?

Q3) The DSM-V provides diagnostic criteria for substance dependence and substance abuse.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Although naltrexone has been used to treat alcohol use disorder,it

A)is an opioid antagonist,and it is not clear how it works with alcohol users.

B)has never received any research support for this type of use.

C)is not available for prescription in the U.S.

D)is dangerous because people become deathly ill if they drink alcohol while taking it.

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