Drugs and Behavior Exam Review
Course Introduction
This course explores the complex relationship between psychoactive substances and human behavior, emphasizing the biological, psychological, and social factors that influence drug use. Students will examine the mechanisms of action for a variety of drugs, including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and prescription medications, as well as their effects on the brain and behavior. The course also addresses issues such as addiction, treatment, prevention, and the impact of drug policies on individuals and society, providing a comprehensive overview of how drugs affect mental processes and behaviors.
Recommended Textbook
Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior An Introduction to Psychopharmacology 2nd Edition by
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1711 Verified Questions
1711 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Juanita,a researcher at a pharmaceutical company,is assessing the effects of an experimental drug on lever pressing behavior in laboratory rats.For this study,what type of variable is the experimental drug?
A) Confound variable
B) Experimental variable
C) Independent variable
D) Dependent variable
Answer: C
Q2) Drug experiments in clinical trials describe the number of treatments and doses provided to groups of study participants as ____________.
A) control groups
B) dependent variables
C) placebos
D) treatment arms
Answer: D
Q3) Pharmacodynamics studies how well drugs pass through the body.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nervous System
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a loud noise made you jump,which structure was most likely responsible for this response?
A) Pons
B) Medulla
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus
Answer: A
Q2) An experimental drug that reduces the release of chemicals that inhibit axon growth may:
A) inhibit the production of neurotrophins.
B) increasing glial scarring.
C) enhance the activity of reactive astrocytes.
D) improve recovery from traumatic brain injury.
Answer: D
Q3) The nervous system most dominant while relaxing is the:
A) extrapyramidal motor system.
B) sympathetic nervous system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) parasympathetic nervous system.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Neurotransmission
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Sample Questions
Q1) Heteroreceptors are located on postsynaptic terminals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) All of the following describe conditions that facilitate an action potential except:
A) a resting potential precedes an action potential.
B) sodium channels open.
C) sodium-potassium pump activity decreases.
D) the local potential becomes depolarized.
Answer: C
Q3) During the resting potential,sodium channels open when:
A) there is an increase in sodium-potassium pump activity.
B) an inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs.
C) the local potential becomes depolarized.
D) the local potential becomes hyperpolarized.
Answer: C
Q4) Tyrosine hydroxylase serves as the _____________ step for dopamine.
Answer: rate-limiting
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Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs
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112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to know how long a drug's effects may last,a physician must determine a drug's:
A) nonspecific binding rate.
B) elimination rate.
C) biotransformation rate.
D) ideal adminstration route.
Q2) Analyzing the amount of psychoactive drug in brain tissue would allow a researcher to determine:
A) the drug's pKa.
B) the drug's active transport through the blood-brain barrier.
C) the drug's bioavailability.
D) the amount of biotransformation that took place.
Q3) Passive diffusion is most effective for _____________ drug molecules.
A) small
B) quickly metabolized
C) inhaled
D) non-ionized
Q4) List and describe four ways that a drug could alter neurotransmission.
Q5) List and describe the four primary phases in pharmacokinetics.
Q6) List and describe three types of neurotoxicity that can occur.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Drugs of Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) Habits learned while using a drug are mediated by the:
A) amygdala.
B) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
C) dorsal striatum.
D) thalamus.
Q2) How might a drug that inhibits GABA neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area cause rewarding effects?
Q3) _________ refers to a drug's effects after acute administration that produce a maladaptive and impaired state.
Q4) The involvement of the hippocampus,amygdala,orbitofrontal cortex,and dorsolateral cortex as a drug addiction develops suggests that:
A) drugs spread to damage many structures in the brain.
B) drug addiction involves more than simply enjoying the effects of a drug.
C) drugs produce stronger effects than natural rewards.
D) drugs have a clear affect on one's movement.
Q5) A stimulus that,when present,signals the availability of reinforcement is called a(n)_________.
Q6) Describe at least three ways that food addiction is similar to drug addiction.
Q7) Name and describe the different stage of the drug addiction cycle.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a pharmacologist wanted to develop a drug with closely similar effects as amphetamine,she would likely:
A) determine which plants produce amphetamine.
B) find a compound that does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
C) develop any type of psychostimulant drug.
D) develop a compound with a chemical structure similar to amphetamine.
Q2) The term sympathomimetic implies:
A) a drug produces sympathy.
B) that a drug produces mind altering effects.
C) that a drug activates the sympathetic nervous system.
D) that a drug activates mesolimbic dopamine neurons.
Q3) The quickest drug onset for cocaine occurs through the ______________ route of administration.
Q4) All of the following are likely subjective effects from high doses of a psychostimulant except:
A) a "rush."
B) increased motor activity.
C) euphoria.
D) agitation.
Q5) Describe three subjective effects produced by psychostimulant administration.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nicotine may improve:
A) breathing.
B) attention.
C) coordination.
D) cardiovascular function.
Q2) Caffeine is an antagonist for __________ receptors.
Q3) The most common symptom of caffeine withdrawal is:
A) headache.
B) irritibility.
C) anxious mood.
D) depressed mood.
Q4) Tobacco smoking can cause pulmonary diseases such as :
A) hypertension.
B) emphysema.
C) gastrointestinal disorder.
D) ischemia.
Q5) Nicotine from a __________ tobacco product from must absorbed completely through mucous membranes in the mouth.
Q6) Why are the effects of nicotine on memory unclear?
Q7) Describe the process of nicotinic receptor activation and desensitization.
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Chapter 8: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the two types of reversible drug-induced dementia described in the text.
Q2) How much alcohol is eliminated from the body per hour?
A) 100 to 140 ml
B) 0 to 4 mL
C) 10 to 14 mL
D) 1.4 to 2.8 mL
Q3) The order of products produced during the metabolic process for alcohol consists of:
A) acetic acid, acetaldehyde, carbon dioxide.
B) acetaldehyde, carbon dioxide, acetic acid.
C) acetaldehyde, acetate, water.
D) acetate, acetaldehyde, aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Q4) Distillation provides a means of:
A) making alcohol up to a 15 percent concentration.
B) making alcohol without using yeast at any stage of the process.
C) bypassing a fermentation process completely.
D) going beyond the limits of alcohol production from fermenting.
Q5) The ____________ serotonin receptor appears important for dopamine ability to increase dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens.
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Chapter 9: GHP and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) If someone is stumbling around a room and running into things after using an inhalant,he is probably in which stage of an inhalant's effects?
A) Stage 3
B) Stage 4
C) Stage 1
D) Stage 2
Q2) Obtaining a legal product in order to produce an illegal product is similar to:
A) synthesizing GHB to use as a drug for sexual assault.
B) scheduling one form of GHB as a schedule I controlled substance and another form of GHB as a schedule III controlled substance.
C) using sodium gammahydroxybutyrate for the treatment of narcolepsy.
D) using gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) to synthesize GHB.
Q3) The ability of GHB to produce a deep sleep led it to be used for the treatment of:
A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
B) narcolepsy.
C) fibromyalgia.
D) drug withdrawal.
Q4) Laughing gas is more technically known as ____________.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Opioids
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Sample Questions
Q1) The activation of opioid receptors in the medulla inhibits pain signals entering the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The cleavage of endogenous opioids from pronociceptin,proenkephalin,and proopiomelanocortin would increase levels of all of the endogenous opioids except:
A) dynorphin B.
B) met-enkaphalin.
C) neoendorphin.
D) beta-endorphin.
Q3) The synthesis of a semisynthetic opioid implies all of the following except:
A) opium is collected from poppy plants.
B) a naturally occurring opioid is used in the synthesis process.
C) the drug is separated from other compounds found in opium.
D) a chemical process is used to develop the drug.
Q4) The rush experienced from using an opioid is called nociception.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the ways that opioids act on reward circuitry.
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Chapter 11: Cannabinoids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the three types of subjective effects one will experience as he continues to use cannabis during a single session.
Q2) In a drug discrimination assessing the subjective effects of delta-9-THC in humans,the subjective effects of delta-9-THC are similar to A) psychostimulants. B) benzodiazepines.
C) opioids.
D) none of the above.
Q3) The effects of leptin on hunger may be similar to those produced by ... A) 2-AG.
B) cannabidiol
C) anandamide.
D) a CB1 receptor antagonist.
Q4) _________ consists of a condensed,hardened preparation of cannabis that primarily contains the dried trichome resins and other parts of the plant.
Q5) The stoned phase of cannabis use is associated with a sense of _________,possibly due to the activation of CB1 receptors in the cerebellum.
Q6) A _________ is often an ornate type of water pipe used for smoking cannabis.
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Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) LSD causes ________,a state of easy influence from suggestions by others.
Q2) The psychoactive constituent in Salvia divinorum is A) salvinorin A.
B) psilocybin.
C) mescaline.
D) ergot.
Q3) A user is unlikely to feel the effects of LSD soon after administering it because
A) LSD requires 60 minutes for peak absorption after oral administration.
B) the user needs time to ready her mind for LSD's effects.
C) LSD's physiological effects occur long before its hallucinogenic effects.
D) LSD's active metabolite is entirely responsible for LSD's hallucinogenic effects.
Q4) The actions of phencyclidine at the NMDA receptor is similar to A) an agonist for the AMPA receptor.
B) a positive modulator acting on the NMDA receptor.
C) the binding of Mg ² to the NMDA receptor.
D) an antagonist for the AMPA receptor.
Q5) How is a good trip different from a bad trip?
Q6) How do hallucinogens affect sensory processing systems in the brain?
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Chapter 13: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
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Sample Questions
Q1) The observation that auditory hallucinations occur in a patient diagnosed with major depressive disorder would likely lead to the following
A) the specifier « with psychotic features. »
B) the indication of current substance abuse.
C) a change of diagnosis to schizophrenia.
D) an indication of comorbid anxiety.
Q2) You are a pharmacologist working for a major pharmaceutical company.You've been asked to develop an antidepressant drug using a pharmacological profile different from compounds already on the market.What did you propose and why?
Q3) The antidepressant drug discovered inhibited the reuptake of serotonin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In clinical trials for an antidepressant drug,depressed participants in the placebo control group often
A) quit a clinical study soon after the study begins
B) can tell that they were given a placebo.
C) continued to worsen until medication must be given.
D) develop clear improvements in their depressive symptoms.
Q5) Provide two reasons for a combination drug strategy.
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Chapter 14: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following disorders involving anxiety are at least partly mediated by amygdala except
A) panic disorder.
B) social phobia.
C) obsessive compulsive disorder.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.
Q2) The BZ II site is found on the _______ subunit of the GABAA receptor.
A) alpha1
B) beta3
C) alpha2
D) alpha6
Q3) Giving the brain time to figure out what an alarming stimulus is involves the thalamo-cortical-amygdala pathway.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Approximately how much buspirone is broken down by enzymes in the stomach?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 45%
D) 90%
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Chapter 15: Antipsychotic Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient with schizophrenia who has not improved after two attempts of treatment with an antipsycotic drug would be identified as
A) a poor antipsychotic metabolizer.
B) having treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
C) a patient with poor compliance.
D) having residual schizophrenia.
Q2) If a new drug were developed that was effective for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but produce significant extrapyramidal side effects,then the drug is likely a(n)
A) typical antipsychotic drug.
B) benzodiazepine drug.
C) atypical antipsychotic drug.
D) third-generation antipsychotic drug.
Q3) In 1871,Ewald Hecker coined a mental disorder ___________,which later became known as schizophrenia.
A) hebephrenia
B) dementia praecox
C) nervous breakdown
D) cognitive dysmetria
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