Disease Processes
Test Preparation
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth study of the mechanisms and progression of diseases affecting the human body. Students will explore the fundamental causes and effects of various pathological conditions, including infectious, genetic, metabolic, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. Emphasis is placed on the cellular and systemic responses to illness, the interplay between risk factors and disease development, and the implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Through case studies and current research, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how disease processes disrupt normal physiology and impact overall health.
Recommended Textbook Human Diseases 8th Edition by Mark Zelman
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17 Chapters
1439 Verified Questions
1439 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Disease
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ data allows the determination of the impact and significance of a disease for a given population.
A)Incidence
B)Morbidity
C)Mortality
D)Prevalence
Answer: D
Q2) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention acts as a coordinating authority on international public health.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A disorder is an abnormal structure or function characterized by a group of signs and symptoms that usually occur together.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) If the cause of a disease is not known, it is said to be _____.
Answer: idiopathic
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Chapter 2: Immunity and the Lymphatic System
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A common sign of _____ includes a butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose.
A)ELISA
B)FACS
C)IgG
D)SLE
Answer: D
Q2) Nonspecific immunity must be primed by an initial exposure to an antigen before it can protect the body against disease.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Autoimmunity has no known cause, but it can be easily prevented.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) _____ occurs when individuals develop antibodies called autoantibodies to their own tissues or self antigens.
Answer: Autoimmunity
Q5) Nonspecific immunity is also known as _____ immunity.
Answer: innate
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Chapter 3: Infectious Diseases
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many helminths have evolved complex life cycles and strategies for infecting new hosts.Infections with helminths are often called _____.
Answer: infestations
Q2) Antibiotic resistance arises when bacteria adapt to antibiotics.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Where bloodborne pathogens are likely to be encountered, a workplace must adopt the practice of _____.
A)Isolation Techniques
B)Quarantine Precautions
C)Standard Precautions
D)Sterilization Standards
Answer: C
Q4) The word _____ is derived from Greek words that mean "to cause suffering."
A)contagious
B)disease
C)infection
D)pathogen
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Cancer
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tumors that are classified as cancer are called benign.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A benign tumor that projects from an epithelial surface is called a _____.
Q3) Part of a cancer diagnosis, _____ is helpful in making a prognosis of the disease.
A)chemotherapy
B)grading
C)radiation
D)staging
Q4) More than 50% of all cancers involve an acquired mutation in the tumor suppressor gene _____.
A)<i>antigen 125</i>
B)<i>BRCA1</i>
C)<i>BRCA2</i>
D)<i>p53</i>
Q5) Mutations can be caused by _____ or cancer-causing agents or substances.
Q6) The mechanism of all cancers is uncontrolled cell _____.
Q7) Inherited mutations in the tumor suppressor BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes increase a woman's risk of developing breast or _____ cancer.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Heredity and Disease
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is an inborn error of sugar metabolism that can lead to impaired mental development and liver damage.
A)Albinism
B)Galactosemia
C)Sickle cell anemia
D)Tay-Sachs
Q2) Phenylketonuria is an _____ disorder.
A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive
Q3) Sickle cell anemia is an _____ disorder.
A)autosomal dominant
B)autosomal recessive
C)X-linked dominant
D)X-linked recessive
Q4) A female has a combination of one X and one Y chromosome.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Forty-four of the chromosomes are called _____.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An _____ is an electrical recording of heart action and aids in the diagnosis of heart diseases.
Q2) A _____ aneurysm has a uniform shape, tapered at both ends, with symmetrical dilation.
Q3) _____ employs an injected contrast material that permits imaging of blood vessel function.
A)Angiocardiography
B)Cardiac catheterization
C)Coronary arteriography
D)Electrocardiography
Q4) The internal lining of the heart consists of a smooth, delicate membrane called the exocardium.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Heart block occurs when the atria and ventricles contract independent of each other.
A)True B)False
Q6) _____ refers to a narrowing of the valves opening.
Q7) _____ is a thickening, narrowing, and hardening of the arteries.
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Chapter 7: Diseases of the Blood
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the lungs, hemoglobin binds to oxygen, becoming _____.
A)carboxyhemoglobin
B)erythropoeisis
C)hemoglobinopathies
D)oxyhemoglobin
Q2) Several components are essential for _____, or the arrest of bleeding.
Q3) M.A.is a 54-year-old female admitted to the hospital for sepsis.Her condition is critical because she is also showing signs of internal bleeding.She is anemic and thrombocytopenic.
What life-threatening bleeding disorder is of concern to this patient? What is the best treatment for this disorder?
Q4) A _____ is used to diagnose malignant blood disorders and increases or decreases in blood counts.
A)bone marrow smear
B)CT scan
C)MRI
D)splenectomy
Q5) Unlike white blood cells, red blood cells have a nucleus.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Diseases of the Respiratory System
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pleural fluid reduces surface tension, which helps keep the lungs flexible.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The _____ are surrounded by blood capillaries and are the site of gas exchange.
A)alveoli
B)bronchi
C)larynx
D)trachea
Q3) Normal arterial blood gases should be high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most common cause of the common cold is the _____.
A)coronavirus
B)rhinovirus
C)Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
D)Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria
Q5) The main symptom of pleuritis is a sharp chest pain.
A)True
B)False
Q6) _____ is an inflammation of the voice box.
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Chapter 9: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ulcerative colitis occurs primarily in _____.
A)children
B)elderly
C)young adults, especially female
D)young adults, especially male
Q2) In patients with cholecystitis, the presence of _____ in the duodenum stimulates the gallbladder to contract, which causes pain.
A)carbohydrates
B)fat
C)protein
D)sugar
Q3) The pancreas is a gland that has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the lining of the intestine or colon.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The fulminating form of hepatitis B is always fatal.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Diseases of the Urinary System
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The urinary system is comprised of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a single _____ that leads to the outside of the body.
Q2) Renal disease can be detected through analysis of the blood.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Urinary calculi may cause no symptoms, unless they are larger than _____ in diameter.
A)1/4"
B)1/2"
C)3/4"
D)1"
Q4) IgA nephropathy is an inflammatory disease resulting from IgA deposition in the _____.
A)glomeruli
B)nephron
C)ureter
D)urethra
Q5) One of the diagnostic tests for renal failure is to test the glomerular _____ rate (GFR).
Page 12
Q6) Most cases of nephrotic syndrome are due to glomerulonephritis and _____.
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Chapter 11: Diseases and Disorders of the Reproductive System
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is bleeding between menstrual periods or extreme irregularity of the menstrual cycle.
Q2) _____ is not a disease but a failure of the testes to descend from the abdominal cavity to the scrotum.
Q3) One risk factor for prostate cancer is race, as prostate cancer is more common among African Americans than among men of other races.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____ cancer is the most common cancer in men 20-35 years old.
A)Breast
B)Penile
C)Prostate
D)Testicular
Q5) Testosterone stimulates the growth of prostate tumor cells.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Once the ovum has been released, the empty follicle is converted into the corpus
Q7) _____ is bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina.
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Chapter 12: Diseases of the Endocrine System
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One treatment for hyperparathyroidism is the administration of diuretics to increase urine output.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The parathyroid glands regulate the levels of circulating _____.
A)calcium and phosphate
B)hydrogen and oxygen
C)nitrogen and chloride
D)sodium and potassium
Q3) A stalk called the _____ connects the pituitary gland to the floor of the hypothalamus.
A)adenohypophysis
B)infundibulum
C)neurohypophysis
D)thyroxine
Q4) Hypoparathyroidism is treated with _____.
A)calcium and vitamin D
B)chloride and vitamin C
C)magnesium and vitamin B
D)phosphorus and vitamin A
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Chapter 13: Diseases of the Nervous System and the Special Senses
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main treatment for _____ is levodopa (L-dopa).
A)AD
B)ALS
C)MS
D)PD
Q2) Axons of many neurons are insulated by a lipoprotein covering called _____.
Q3) One of the risk factors for botulism includes eating honey.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The _____ lobe controls voluntary muscle actions and the muscles of speech.
A)frontal
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)temporal
Q5) Trigeminal neuralgia is also called _____ douloureux.
Q6) As a child born with cerebral palsy gets older, the disorder continues to progress with increasing muscle rigidity.
A)True
B)False
Q7) _____ lateral sclerosis is also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Diseases and Disorders of the Eye and Ear
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The signs and symptoms of glaucoma are not noticed until vision loss occurs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The etiology of a stye is an infection with _____.
A)cytomegalovirus
B)herpes simplex
C)staphylococcus bacteria
D)Toxoplasma
Q3) Vitamin supplementation may help slow _____, but should only be done under a doctor's supervision.
A)cataracts
B)cerumen impaction
C)dry macular degeneration
D)glaucoma
Q4) _____ is a condition of increased pressure within the eye.
Q5) _____ is age-related hearing loss and is the most common cause of hearing loss in adults.
Q6) Presbyopia is caused by age-related reduction in lens flexibility.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Mental Illness and Cognitive Disorders
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During _____, a person with a mental disorder talks to a licensed and trained mental health care professional.
Q2) Antidepressants increase the availability of neurotransmitters.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A person who is an attention seeker that needs to always be the center of attention may have _____ personality disorder.
A)antisocial
B)avoidant
C)borderline
D)histrionic
Q4) _____ distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, perceives reality, and relates to others.
Q5) _____ spectrum disorders are a range of complex developmental disorders that can cause problems with thinking, feeling, language, and the ability to relate to others.
Q6) Men are 75% more likely to have binge eating disorders than women.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Diseases and Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ gland, which is involved in the immune response, is often enlarged in myasthenia gravis patients.
A)adrenal
B)pineal
C)thymus
D)thyroid
Q2) Secondary osteoarthritis occurs with normal aging.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Osteomyelitis is an uncommon ______ infection of the bone.
A)bacterial
B)fungal
C)protozoan
D)viral
Q4) _____, also called pulled muscles, result from a tearing of a muscle and/or its tendon from excessive use or stretching.
Q5) _____ is the softening or decalcification of bones in adults.
Q6) In Duchenne's MD, a cytoskeletal protein called _____ is missing.
Q7) _____ is used to visualize the inside of a joint cavity, such as the knee.
Q8) A malignant tumor of the skeletal muscle is called a _____. Page 19
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Page 20
Chapter 17: Diseases and Disorders of the Integumentary System
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with ocular albinism usually have normal or only slightly lighter than normal skin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The herpes virus remains inactive in _____ cells until something triggers the virus to become active again.
A)bone
B)muscle
C)nerve
D)skin
Q3) Aging skin becomes less resistant to infection and other diseases because the number of _____ decrease and are less efficient.
A)collagens
B)macrophages
C)melanocytes
D)sebaceous glands
Q4) _____ are a type of freckle that develop in older adults and are often called liver spots or age spots.
Q5) _____ is a chronic skin disease characterized by scaling and inflammation.
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